公共英语五级-Popular+Science及答案解析.doc

1、公共英语五级-Popular+Science 及答案解析(总分：113.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).The message the reception staff at the Natural History Museum wanted to pass is that _.（分数：1.00）A.only readers of a book on natural history can see the sq

2、uidB.they would plead with future visitors to come to see the squidC.future visitors should book in advance before they come to see the squidD.future visitors wont be allowed in the museum before they book(2).Most of the visitors who came to the museum _.（分数：1.00）A.went on guided tours in the museum

3、 building without seeing the squidB.had seen the squid on TV before they came to the museumC.saw the squid without being guided by the museum staffD.could hardly accept the news that they couldnt see the squid(3).The public _.（分数：1.00）A.has shown unusual enthusiasm to the giant squidB.is no longer w

4、ondering about the natural worldC.expected more natural history programs on TVD.would be bored with any zoological discoveryQuestions 4-7 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN three words.（分数：4.00）(1).Where was Archie found?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What is the name of the program hosted by

5、 David Attenborough?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).How could we describe the feeling people have towards animals?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What destroy(s) wildlife? Name one reason.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 8-12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN four words for each blank.（分数：5.00）(1).Ralf Britz felt

6、 great when he discovered the 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).It usually takes researchers 1 to figure out what they have found in one- day time.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The 70 million specimens kept in the Natural History Museum could serve as 1 for scientists to study the animal world.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Archie,

7、 the star giant squid, still stays on the top of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The 4ft fish which was discovered in 1938 attracted 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Exercise 1 Use of En(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Scientists Say Plants Helped Ants EvolveAnts evolved far earlier than (1) believed, as far back as

8、140 million to 168 million years ago - and they have plants to (2) for their diversity, U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.Researchers at Harvard University used a genetic clock to reconstruct the history of ants, and found that the ant family (3) arose more than 40 million years (4) than previou

9、sly thought. The family did not diversify into different genera and species (5) flowering plants came (6) the scene, they said.The study sheds light on one of the (7) important and numerous animals, which includes hundreds of (8) species.“We (9) that ant diversification took off (10) 100 million yea

10、rs ago, along with the rise of flowering plants, the angiosperms,“ Naomi Pierce, a professor of biology who (11) the study, said in a statement.“These (12) provided ants with new habitats (13) in the forest canopy and in the more complex leaf litter on the forest floor, and the herbivorous insects t

11、hat evolved alongside flowering plants provided food for (14) .“Writing in Fridays (15) of the journal Science, the researchers said they reconstructed the ant family tree (16) DNA sequencing of six genes from 139 ant genera, encompassing 19 of 20 ant subfamilies around the world.Such “molecular clo

12、cks“ are (17) used, alongside fossil and other evidence, to (18) how old species are. They work on the basis that DNA mutates at a steady and calculable (19) .“Ants are a dominant feature of nearly all terrestrial ecosystems, and yet we know surprisingly little about their evolutionary history: the

13、major groupings of ants, how they are (20) to each other, and when and how they arose,“ said graduate student Corrie Moreau.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Exercise 2 Speaking(总题数：

14、1，分数：5.00)1.family educationpersonality of the personschool educationphilosophy of a countrycommunityencouragement from government（分数：5.00）_六、Exercise 3 Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.Some people say that there should be restrictions against the use of animals in scientific experiments. Do you agree or di

15、sagree with this point of view?（分数：25.00）_七、Unit 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Part (总题数：3，分数：11.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).Quantum physics _.（分数：1.00）A.provided medical cures for persisting problemsB.first appeared as a wonder drug in the 20th centuryC.described some phenomena no othe

16、r previous theories had ever exploredD.gave the best description of some behaviors of light and particles so far(2).Quantum physics is a concept that _.（分数：1.00）A.is very difficult to understandB.demands abundant statistics to masterC.describes the objective nature of the real worldD.has been reject

17、ed by many scientists(3).Scientists are _.（分数：1.00）A.frustrated by the philosophical problems related to quantum physicsB.working to make use of quantum in developing technologyC.trying to identify quantums propertiesD.struggling to clarify how quantum physics and general relativity could form a new

18、 theoryQuestions 4-8 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN four words for each blank.（分数：5.00）(1).According to theories before quantum theory, atomic energy could lead to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The contribution Einstein has made is that he discovered the 1, and thus solved the problem wi

19、th new ideas about light.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Niel Bohr believed that there is a close correlation between the 1 and 2.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Niel Bohr developed his theory by using the 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Recent studies suggest that quantum objects are 1, hence the duality in experiments.（分数：1.00）填空项

20、 1:_Questions 9-11 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN three words.（分数：3.00）(1).In what field(s) has entanglement been applied in practice?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What can be done to improve the implication of entanglement-based communication? Name one.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).In what aspect

21、 could quantum computers surpass conventional computers?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_九、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Exercise 1 Gapped Te(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How Poison Ivy WorksAccording to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction to poison ivy each

22、year. Poison ivy is often very difficult to spot. It closely resembles several other common garden plants, and can also blend in with other plants and weeds. But if you come into contact with it, youll soon know by the itchy, blistery rash that forms on your skin. Poison ivy is a red, itchy rash cau

23、sed by the plant that bears its name. Many people get it when they are hiking or working in their garden and accidentally come into direct contact with the plants leaves, roots, or stems. The poison ivy rash often looks like red lines, and sometimes it forms blisters.1. _About 85 percent of people a

24、re allergic to the urushiol in poison ivy, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Only a tiny amount of this chemical - 1 billionth of a gram - is enough to cause a rash in many people. Some people may boast that theyve been exposed to poison ivy many times and have never gotten the rash,

25、 but that doesnt necessarily mean theyre not allergic. Sometimes the allergy doesnt emerge until youve been exposed several times, and some people develop a rash after their very first exposure. It may take up to ten days for the rash to emerge the first time.2. _Here are some other ways to identify

26、 the poison ivy plant. It generally grows in a cluster of low, weed-like plants or a woody vine which can climb trees or fences. It is most often found in moist areas, such as riverbanks, woods, and pastures. The edges of the leaves are generally smooth or have tiny “teeth“. Their color changes base

27、d on the season - reddish in the spring; green in the summer; and yellow, orange, or red in the fall. Its berries are typically white.3. _The bodys immune system is normally in the business of protecting us from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders that can make us sick. But when urushiol f

28、rom the poison ivy plant touches the skin, it instigates an immune response, called dermatitis, to what would otherwise be a harmless substance. Hay fever is another example of this type of response; in the case of hay fever, the immune system overreacts to pollen, or another plant-produced substanc

29、e.4. _The allergic reaction to poison ivy is known as delayed hypersensitivity. Unlike immediate hypersensitivity, which causes an allergic reaction within minutes of exposure to an antigen, delayed hypersensitivity reactions dont emerge for several hours or even days after the exposure.5. _In the p

30、laces where your skin has come into contact with poison ivy leaves or urushiol, within one to two days youll develop a rash, which will usually itch, redden, burn, swell, and form blisters. The rash should go away within a week, but it can last longer. The severity of the reaction often has to do wi

31、th how much urushiol youve touched. The rash may appear sooner in some parts of the body than in others, but it doesnt spread - the urushiol simply absorbs into the skin at different rates in different parts of the body. Thicker skin such as the skin on the soles of your feet, is harder to penetrate

32、 than thinner skin on your arms and legs.A Because urushiol is found in all parts of the poison ivy plant - the leaves, stems, and roots - its best to avoid the plant entirely to prevent a rash. The trouble is, poison ivy grows almost everywhere in the United States (with the exception of the Southw

33、est, Alaska, and Hawaii), so geography wont help you. The general rule to identify poison ivy, “leaflets three, let it be,“ doesnt always apply. Poison ivy usually does grow in groups of three leaves, with a longer middle leaf - but it can also grow with up to nine leaves in a group.B Most people do

34、nt have a reaction the first time they touch poison ivy, but develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure. Everyone has a different sensitivity, and therefore a slightly different reaction, to poison ivy. Sensitivity usually decreases with age and with repeated exposures to the plant.C Heres

35、 how the poison ivy response occurs. Urushiol makes its way down through the skin, where it is metabolized, or broken down. Immune cells called T lymphocytes (or T-cells) recognize the urushiol derivatives as a foreign substance, or antigen. They send out inflammatory signals called cytokines, which

36、 bring in white blood cells. Under orders from the cytokines, these white blood cells turn into macrophages. The macrophages eat foreign substances, but in doing so they also damage normal tissue, resulting in the skin inflammation that occurs with poison ivy.D Poison ivys cousins, poison oak and po

37、ison sumac, each have their own unique appearance. Poison oak grows as a shrub (one to six feet tall). It is typically found along the West Coast and in the South, in dry areas such as fields, woodlands, and thickets. Like poison ivy, the leaves of poison oak are usually clustered in groups of three

38、. They tend to be thick, green, and hairy on both sides. Poison sumac mainly grows in moist, swampy areas in the Northeast, Midwest, and along the Mississippi River. It is a woody shrub made up of stems with rows of seven to thirteen smooth-edged leaflets.E The culprit behind the rash is a chemical

39、in the sap of poison ivy plants called urushiol. Its name comes from the Japanese word “urushi“, meaning lacquer. Urushiol is the same substance that triggers an allergic reaction when people touch poison oak and poison sumac plants. Poison ivy, Eastern poison oak, Western poison oak, and poison sum

40、ac are all members of the same family - Anacardiaceae.F Call your doctor if you experience these more serious reactions:Pus around the rash (which could indicate an infection).A rash around your mouth, eyes, or genital area.A fever above 100 degrees.A rash that does not heal after a week.（分数：10.00）填

41、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Exercise 2 Speaking(总题数：1，分数：5.00)3./r/n /r/n Television/r/n It is often claimed that television encourages violenceWhat is your opinion?/r/n /r/n /r/n Computer/r/n In what aspects do you think that computers have changed the way of working?/r/n /r/n /r/n Automob

42、ile/r/n How has the automobile been harmful to our society? Explain/r/n /r/n（分数：5.00）_十二、Exercise 3 Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)4.Some people believe that modern technology enables us to improve the quality of our lives. Some people argue that it does harm to human health and local communities. To what e

43、xtent do you agree or disagree with the different opinions?（分数：25.00）_公共英语五级-Popular+Science 答案解析(总分：113.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).The message the reception staff at the Natural History Museum wanted to pass is that

44、_.（分数：1.00）A.only readers of a book on natural history can see the squidB.they would plead with future visitors to come to see the squidC.future visitors should book in advance before they come to see the squid D.future visitors wont be allowed in the museum before they book解析：Paragraph 1: “Please,

45、please tell your readers they cannot come to see the squid unless they book,“ pleaded one.即只有预订的参观者才能看到巨鱿。选项 D的意思是只有预订的参观者才能进博物馆，这是干扰选项。(2).Most of the visitors who came to the museum _.（分数：1.00）A.went on guided tours in the museum building without seeing the squidB.had seen the squid on TV before t

46、hey came to the museumC.saw the squid without being guided by the museum staffD.could hardly accept the news that they couldnt see the squid 解析：Paragraph 3: The rest had to do withoutand judging from the looks of museum staff, this news often went down badly. Without后面的意思补充完整就是“without seeing the 30ft behemoth“。(3