剑桥商务英语中级-2及答案解析.doc

1、剑桥商务英语中级-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BREADING/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BPART ONE/B Look at the statements below and the following Computer Types. Which type of computer (A, B, C or D) does each statement (1-7) refer to? For each statement (1-7), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet. You wil

2、l need to use some of these letters more than once.BA Microcomputer/BA microcomputer is a desktop or notebook size computing device that uses a microprocessor as its Central Processing Unit, or CPU. Microcomputers are also called Personal Computers (PCs), home computers, small business computers, an

3、d micros. The smallest, most compact are called laptops. When they first appeared, they were considered single user devices, and they were capable of handling only four, eight, or 16 bits of information at one time. More recently the distinction between microcomputers and large, mainframe computers

4、as well as the smaller mainframe type systems called minicomputers) has become blurred, as newer microcomputer models have increased the speed and data handling capabilities of their CPUs into the 256 bit. or even much more bit multi-user range.BB Minicomputer/BA minicomputer is a mid-level compute

5、r built to perform complex computations while dealing efficiently with a high level of input and output from users connected via terminals Minicomputers also frequently connect to other minicomputers on a network and distribute processing among all the attached machines. Minicomputers are used heavi

6、ly in transaction processing applications and as interfaces between mainframe computer systems and wide area networks.BC Mainframe Computer/BA mainframe computer is a high level computer designed for the most intensive computational tasks. Mainframe computers are often shared by multiple users conne

7、cted to the computer via terminals. The most powerful mainframes, called supercomputers, perform highly complex and time consuming computations and are used heavily in both pure and applied research by scientists, large businesses, and the military.BD Supercomputer/BIn computer science, supercompute

8、rs are large, extremely fast, and expensive computers used for complex or sophisticated calculations. Typically they are machines capable of pipelining instruction execution and providing vector instructions. A supercomputer can, for example, perform an enormous number of calculations required to dr

9、aw and animate a moving spaceship in a motion picture. Supercomputers are also used for weather forecasting, large scale scientific modeling and oil exploration and so on and so like.（分数：7.00）(1).They are often used for jobs like engineering design and testing, serious decryption, economic forecasti

10、ng, etc.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many public schools now employ the devices for programmed learning and computer literacy courses.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Computers are designed for use in homes, schools, and office settings.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).They efficiently deal with a high level of input and output from

11、different users.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).They are used for jobs that take massive amounts of calculating（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).They are usually used in transaction processing applications.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).They are often shared by many users connected to the computer.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPART TWO/B(总题数：1，分数

12、5.00) Read the article below about the life cycle of a condensed employee. Choose the best sentence from the list (A-G) to fill each of the gaps. For each gap (8-12), mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet. Do not use any letter more than once.BA CONDENSED EMPLOYEE LIFE CYCLE/BAn employee life

13、cycle is the steps the employees go through from the time they enter a company until they leave. Often Human Resources professionals focus their attention on the steps in this process in hopes of making an impact on the companys bottom line. That is a good thing for them to do. Their goal is to redu

14、ce the companys cost per employee hired.Employees are one of a companys largest expenses these days. Unlike other major capital costs (buildings, machinery, technology, etc.) human capital is highly volatile. You, as a manager, are in a key position to reduce that volatility using the condensed empl

15、oyee life cycle of HIAR (pronounced hire) Hire, Inspire, Admire, and Retire.Hire: This first step is probably the most important. It is important to hire the best people you can find.U (8) /UThe cost of replacing a bad hire far exceeds the marginal additional cost of hiring the best person in the fi

16、rst place.Inspire. Once you have recruited the best employees to come to work on your team, the hard part begins. You have to inspire them to perform to their capabilities.U (9) /UThat is where you will get their best effort and their creativity which will help your organization excel.Admire. Once y

17、ou have hired the best employees and have challenged and motivated them, you cannot relax.U (10) /UThe same attention you should pay to their work assignments, to their satisfaction levels, to their sense of being part of a great team needs to continue for as long as they are in your group. As soon

18、as you start to slack off, their satisfaction and motivation will decrease. If you dont do something, they will become disenchanted and will leave. They will become part of the “employee turnover“ statistic you were trying to avoid.Retire: This is when you know have been successful. When employees s

19、ee your company as the employer of choice, they will join you.U (11) /UAs long as you continue to inspire, motivate, and challenge them, they will continue to contribute at the high levels you need in order to beat your competition. They will be long-term employees even staying with you and your com

20、pany until they retire.U (12) /UYou will attract and retain second and even third generation employees.AThis is not a time to be cheap.BWhen they recognize you as a good boss and a real leader, they will stay around.CTo the extent that you can be a good boss, you can keep employees, keep them happy,

21、 and reduce the costs associated with employee turnover.DTheir goal is to reduce the companys cost per employee hired.EThe biggest mistake a manager can make is to ignore employees.FYou have to challenge and motivate them.GThey will refer other quality employees to your company, including their rela

22、tives.（分数：5.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BPART THREE/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00) Read the article below about exporting and the questions. For each question (13-18), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.BProblems Potential Exporters Are Facing/BMany firms fail to succeed,

23、 because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or developed an international marketing plum. To be successful, a firm must clearly define its goals, objectives and potential problems. Secondly, it must develop a definitive plan to accomplish its objectives, regardless

24、 of the problems involved. Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise. It may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial require

25、ments of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade, the exporter should take a more objective

26、view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment.Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The compl

27、ications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporters trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the stre

28、ngth of the distributing agents reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributors facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed.Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domest

29、ic one booms, too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the f

30、actory, the distributor must make them, usually at a greater cost and probably not as satisfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained, a

31、nd their performance continually monitored. This requires a company marketing executive to be located permanently in the distributors geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to suppor

32、t a company representative. The distributor should also be treated on an equal basis with domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive programmes and special credit terms should be available.Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new

33、exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this. There may be import restrictions in the target market, the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that ca

34、n compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.（分数：6.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the writer suggests that firms thinking about exporting should（分数：

35、1.00）A.get professional advice.B.study international marketing.C.identify the most profitable markets.D.have different objectives to other exporters.(2).The writer believes that if sufficient preparation is undertaken（分数：1.00）A.initial difficulties can be easily avoided.B.the costs can be recovered

36、quite quickly.C.management will become more committed.D.the exporter will be successful in the long term.(3).An exporter should choose a distributor who（分数：1.00）A.has experienced personnel.B.has good communication skills.C.is well-established in the target market.D.is not financially dependent on th

37、e import business.(4).New exporters often make the mistake of ignoring the export market when（分数：1.00）A.distribution costs are too high.B.their product is selling well at home.C.there is a global economic recession.D.distributors cannot make safety modifications.(5).For a distributor to be successfu

38、l, the exporter must（分数：1.00）A.focus on one particular region.B.finance local advertising campaigns.C.give the same support as to domestic agents.D.make sure there are sufficient marketing staff locally.(6).In the last paragraph, the writer states that some companies are reluctant to export because（

39、分数：1.00）A.there is little demand for their products.B.the importation of certain goods is controlled.C.they do not have good marketing techniques.D.they are not able to compete with local businesses.四、BPART FOUR/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00) Read the article below about cheap frills in flying. Choose the best w

40、ord to fill each gap from A, B, C or D. For each question (19-33), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.When is a low-cost airline not a no-frills airline? When it adds frills, business travellers who have taken enthusiastically to value-for-money airU (19) /Uare now being offered pac

41、kages more commonly associated with mainstream airlines.To date, the attraction of no-frills airlines has been based on price; forget the more convenient departure points, creature comforts or ease ofU (20) /U. Easyjet, Ryanair and Debonair have all undercut leading carriers by asU (21) /Uas 70 per

42、cent on high volume routes.However, in the wake of increased competition and aggressive price-cutting from mainstream airlines such as KLM UK, three no-frills airlines are changing tack. Virgin Express isU (22) /Ulegroom and is contemplating theU (23) /Uof a frequent-flyer programme; Go, owned by Br

43、itish Airways, is wooing the business traveller; and Debonair is introducing a business class section next week.Debonair, based at Luton Airport, north of London, was launched just over two years ago and went intoU (24) /Ufor the first time this summer. Even when it started, itU (25) /Uitself slight

44、ly apart from its low-cost competitors by offering more seat comfort, a drink in-flight and aU (20) /Ufrequent-flyer scheme.Debonairs business class, called ABC, will giveU (27) /Umore privacy during the flight, a fully-refundable, flexible ticket, a free bar, a snack and a dedicated check in desk.

45、Yet theU (28) /Uwill remain as much as 40 per cent below the average business class ticket price.Other low-cost airlines, however, are standingU (29) /UEven so, Easyjet, which markets itself on lowest price, no catering and direct sell, has now introduced a 10U (30) /Uto allow its passengers toU (31

46、) /Ufrom one Easyjet flight to another. This is effectively a concession to the business traveller, who needs more flexibility.Attempts by Virgin Express, Go and Debonair to move upmarket are beingU (32) /Uby some as the beginning of a consolidation in the sector. With so muchU (33) /Uon price, it s

47、eems likely that some players in the low-cost airline business will fail to survive.（分数：15.00）A.journeyB.travelC.tourD.tripA.schedulingB.planningC.settingD.travelingA.manyB.fewC.moreD.muchA.decreasingB.increasingC.extendingD.diminishingA.setB.issueC.launchD.makeA.profitB.benefitC.earningD.gainA.take

48、B.putC.layD.setA.complicatedB.tenseC.simpleD.plainA.travelerB.passengersC.customerD.tourerA.feeB.fareC.tollD.paymentA.stiffB.straightC.firmD.asideA.chargeB.billC.priceD.orderA.moveB.goC.changeD.transferA.consideredB.regardedC.viewedD.thoughtA.competitionB.rivalshipC.contrastD.contest五、BPART FIVE/B(总题数：1，分数：12.00) Read the text below about Milairs letter of apology. In most of the line (34-45) there is