剑桥商务英语中级-55及答案解析.doc

1、剑桥商务英语中级-55 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BREADING/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BPART ONE/BLook at the statement and the company books description below.Which discription (A, B, C or D) does each statement 17 refer to?For each sentence 17, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.You will need to use s

2、ome of the letters more than once.BA/BBTeaching Pitmans Shorthand/BThis book provides everything the teacher in training, and in the classroom, needs to know about the present knowledge of the principles of learning and their theoretical and practical application to the teaching of Pitmans Shorthand

3、 It covers the syllabuses for the Royal Society of Arts Teachers Certificate in Shorthand and the Joint Examining Boards Teachers Diploma in Shorthand.BB/BBObjective Tests in Economics/BThe objective form of testing is being used increasingly in public examinations. By employing the following objec

4、tive methods the book will assist the teacher in testing students knowledge: multiple choice; multiple completion; matching; and assertion reason. The questions may be used with any textbook covering the examinations in economics O level, RSA (Stage 1) and LCC (Intermediate).BC/BBTyping/BPerson can

5、learn to type accurately and quickly in only a few hours. Type it! presents a speedy method of keyboard mastery followed by straight copy material which shows how to touch type for personal use without looking at the keyboard. Suitable for anyone who wishes to learn to touch type, the only prerequis

6、ite is intense concentration!BD/BBDescriptive Economics/BC. D. Harbury, Professor of Economics and Head of Department of Social Science and Humanities. City University Offers a comprehensive description of the British economy. The book summarizes the theory underlying economics and the factual and i

7、nstitutional framework of the British economic system. Graphs, maps, charts and exercises help to illustrate and extend the text.（分数：7.00）(1).College students studying how to be a good teacher.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).A student trained to be a teacher of secretarial subjects.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Companys

8、typist.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).College students of economics.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).School students taking economics for School Certificate.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The companys secretary.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The teacher who teaching economics in college.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPART TWO/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Read the artic

9、le below about financial risks.Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps,For each gap 812, mark one letter (Aa) on your Answer Sheet.De not use any letter more than once.There is an example at the beginning.BFinancial Risks/BSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international ma

10、rketing; the major problems include commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, U(8) /Uwhich can only be dealt with throug

11、h consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, orU (9) /U. One company, for example, s

12、hipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each

13、 involving considerable cost. Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effe

14、ctive decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, U(10) /U.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize t

15、heir unfavourable effects. Floating exchange rates of the worlds major currencies have forced all marketersU (11) /U. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. U(12)

16、/U, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.A. After serious considerationB. commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.C. however, is competitionD. any other disagreement over which

17、 payment is withheldE. to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planningF. so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular marketG. Before rates were permitted to float（分数：5.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项

18、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BPART THREE/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Read the article about managing a small business and the questions below.For each question 1318,mark one letter (A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.BThe Hardships of Operating A Small Business/BThe organisational

19、weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to cope with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic, Bill Wilson wrote recently in Times. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders mus

20、t be the subject of a specialised body of wisdom, or possibly both, Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, little ha

21、s been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to businesses have

22、 historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.The organisational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead

23、them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is truethat people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are a businesss most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining grow

24、th. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit.Pa

25、rt of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest management solution. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the plan

26、ning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with management solutions does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left

27、 with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leaders problems have certainly been solved a

28、lready by someone else. These is an organisation called ZERO which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of busines

29、s sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a moderator, an independently selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group

30、 discussions are kept strictly confidential. This spurs a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being unveiled.（分数：6.00）(1).According to the second paragraph, what has led to a lack of support for entrepreneurs?（分数：1.00）A.Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act indep

31、endently.B.The requirements of big businesses have always taken priority.C.It is difficult to find solutions to the problems faced by entrepreneurs.D.Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information about their businesses.(2).What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?（分数：

32、1.00）A.It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B.The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C.They find it difficult to attract staff with sufficient expertise.D.They could learn from the organisational skills of managers in large companies.(3).Wha

33、t does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.They rely on management systems that are out of date.B.They will not adopt measures that provide long-term solutions,C.They have little confidence in the business advice that is available.D.They do no

34、t take market changes into account when drawing up business plans.(4).What does the writer say about the expansion of small businesses?（分数：1.00）A.Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to finance growth,B.Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.C.Being

35、 able to recruit the right people is the most important factor affecting growth.D.Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.(5).The writer says that ZERO groups are likely to succeed because _.（分数：1.00）A.members are able to elect their leader.B.the leaders hav

36、e received extensive training.C.members are encouraged to adopt a critical approach.D.information is not passed on to non-members.(6).What does the writer say the members of the ZERO organisation provide?（分数：1.00）A.Advice on how to select suitable staff.B.A means of contacting potential clients.C.A

37、simple checklist for analysing problems.D.Direct experience of a number of industries.四、BPART FOUR/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Read the article about People Express.Choose the best word to fill each blank, from A, B, C or D.For each question 1933 mark one letter (A, B, C or D )on your Answer Sheet.There is an

38、example at the beginning.BPeople Express/BPeople Express, founded in April 1981, grew rapidly on the basis of low fares and no-frills service. It soon became a leading airline andU (19) /Uchanged the industry as firms constantly engaged in price wars to lure passengers. Then, People Express bubbleU

39、20) /Ubecause it overexpanded, consumer complaints mounted and other airlines matched its fares on popular routes. In 1986, People ExpressU (21) /Uhundreds of millions of dollars and was forced to sell out to Texas Air, the owner of Continental and Eastern Airlines.In early 1987, Texas AirU (22) /U

40、People Express into its Continental division and industry observers believedU (23) /Uthe costly fare wars would be ended. They could not have been more wrong. To stimulate business for itsU (24) /UContinental Airlines, Texas Air instituted a new low fare categoryU (25) /UMaxSaver. The fare offered p

41、rices that were up to 40 per cent lower than “supersaver“ rates offeredU (26) /Uall airlines. For example, the round-trip MaxSaver fare from New York to Houston was $79. The MaxSaver fares were immediately matched by all major airlines, U(27) /Ufeared losing business.While MaxSaver rates were low, t

42、hey also had restrictions. Tickets could not beU (28) /Uor flight times modified after purchase. Passengers would have to stay over either a Saturday or Sunday, Reservations had to be made at least two daysU (29) /Uand there were limited seats available. Three weeks after MaxSaver rates wereU (30) /

43、UAmerican Airlines announced plans to raise its discount fares and require 30-dayU (31) /Upurchasing for its lowest fares. It felt it could not continue at the rates in effect. However, just 10 daysU (32) /UAmerican Airlines had to revise its plan. Texas Air refused to abandon the MaxSaver fare; it

44、even extended the program into the busy summer sea son. Competitors went along and the price war raged on, U(33) /Uan executives comment that “nobodys cost structure can survive MaxSavers.“（分数：15.00）A.littleB.slowlyC.quickD.radicallyA.burstB.explodeC.openedD.disappearedA.gainedB.madeC.lostD.disappea

45、redA.emergedB.mergedC.has combinedD.mixedA.whatB.whichC.whereD.thatA.expandB.to extendC.expandedD.extendedA.calledB.callingC.to callD.calling onA.toB.forC.withD.byA.whatB.thatC.whichD.thisA.put offB.cancelingC.destroyedD.canceledA.beforeB.in advanceC.ahead ofD.laterA.introducedB.brought inC.taken in

46、D.adaptedA.advancedB.beforeC.aheadD.prior toA.latelyB.laterC.lateD.latterA.despite ofB.despiteC.in spiteD.although五、BPART FIVE/B(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Read the text about the importance of qualifications.In most of the lines 3445 there is one extra word. One or two lines, however, are correct.If a line is

47、correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.BThe Importance of Qualifications/BYoung people and their parents are aware that it is increasingly necessary tohave good qualifications order to get a job

48、nowadays. Going to university and34. into further education is considered very important by both teenagers and their35. parents. 63% of teenagers in full-time education want to go on to university or36. further education, although this figure does decreases as young people37. approach this big decision. Young women in particular wis