商业道德和社会责任+Business+ethics+and+Social+Responsibility及答案解析.doc

1、商业道德和社会责任+Business+ethics+and+Social+Responsibility 及答案解析(总分：52.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：8.00)A. Each firm has a social responsibility, which is the firms recognition of how its business decision can affect society. The term social responsibility is sometimes used to describe the firms resp

2、onsibility to its community and to the environment. However, it may also be used more broadly to include the firms responsibility to its customers, employees, stockholders, and creditor. Although the business decisions a firm makes are intended to increase its value, the decisions must not violate i

3、ts ethics and social responsibilities.B. Business ethics is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career spec

4、ialization, the field is primarily normative. Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions.C. The term business ethics came into common use in the United States in the early 1970s. By the mid-1980s at least 500 courses in business

5、ethics reached 40,000 students, using some twenty textbooks and at least ten casebooks along supported by professional societies, centers and journals of business ethics. The Society for Business Ethics was started in 1980. Europe an business schools adopted business ethics after 1987 commencing wit

6、h the European Business Ethics Network (EBEN).D. Organizations can manage ethics in their workplaces by establishing an ethics management program. Corporate research and watchdog groups such as the Ethics Resource Center and the Council on Economic Priorities point out that the number of corporation

7、s that engage in ethics training and initiate socially responsive programs has increased dramatically over the course of the past two decades.E. If a business owner treats employees, customers, and competitors in a fair and honest mannerand suitably penalizes those who do not perform in a similar fa

8、shionhe or she is far more likely to have an ethical work force of which he or she can be proud. “It is perfectly possible to make a decent living without compromising the integrity of the company or the individual, “ wrote business executive William R. Holland.（分数：8.00）(1).Business ethical norms re

9、flect the norms of each historical period. As time passes norms evolve, causing accepted behaviors to become objectionable.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(2).The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(3)

10、.In recent years, the issue of business ethics has garnered increased attention.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(4).Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond governmental control.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(5).Business ethics applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to t

11、he conduct of individuals and entire organizations.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(6).A firms employees should practice business ethics, which involves following a set of principles when conducting business.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(7).Quite apart from the issue of rightness and wrongness, the fact is that ethical be

12、havior in business serves the individual and the enterprise much better in the long run.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(8).As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.二、PART TWO(总

13、题数：1，分数：6.00)Global Business, Global EthicsU. S. firms typically have a code of ethics that provides guidelines for their employees. (9) Consider a U. S. firm that sells suppliers to foreign manufacturers. Both its code of ethics and the U. S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act prevent the firm from offe

14、ring payoffs (“kick- backs“) to any employees of the manufacturing companies that order its suppliers. Competitors based in other countries, however, may offer payoffs to employees of the manufacturing companies. (10) Thus, the U. S. supplier is at a disadvantage because its employees are required t

15、o follow a stricter code of ethics. This is a common ethical dilemma that U. S. firms face in a global environment. (11)Another ethical dilemma that U. S. firms may face involves their relationship with certain foreign governments. (12) Officials of some foreign governments commonly accept bribes fr

16、om firms that need approval for various business activities. For example, a firm may need to have its products approved for safety purposes, or its local manufacturing plant may need to be approved for environmental purposes. (13) Those firms that pay off government officials may receive prompt atte

17、ntion from the local governments. Employees of Lockheed Martin were charged with bribing Egyptian government officials to win a contract to build new aircraft. Executives of IBMs Argentina subsidiary were charged with bribing Argentina subsidiary were charged with bribing Argentine government offici

18、als to generate business from the government.Many U. S. firms attempt to follow a worldwide code of ethics that is consistent across countries. (14) Although a worldwide code of ethics may place a U. S. firm at a disadvantage in some countries, it may also enhance the firms credibility.A. Firms that

19、 conduct business in foreign countries are subject to numerous rules imposed by the global governmentB. American business ethics are based around the idea that it is possible to maximize wealth and profit while also being committed to upholding values and lawsC. However, these guidelines may be much

20、 more restrictive than those generally used in some foreign countriesD. The process of approving even minor activities could take months and prevent the firm from conducting businessE. The employees of U. S. firms must either ignore their ethical guidelines or be at a disadvantage in certain foreign

21、 countriesF. In some countries, this type of behavior is acceptableG. This varies from place to place, based on countries specific cultural or societal beliefsH. This type of policy reduces the confusion that could result from using different ethical standards in different countries（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填

22、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Business ethics are also the principles of conduct by which a company operates. This includes how the company owners want to manage the business and how the owners expect the employees to conduct themselves. Actions that result in civil la

23、wsuits, criminal liability, or that simply damage the reputation of a business can all be considered examples of bad business ethics.Dishonesty is a common example of bad business ethics. For example, if a company makes false claims in its advertising, the company is being dishonest to its customers

24、. Making false advertising claims and failing to replace damaged or defective products or to refund their purchase price are examples of bad business ethics that can give a company a poor reputation and that can lead to civil lawsuits.Many businesses have gained a bad reputation just by being in bus

25、iness. To some people, businesses are interested in making money, and that is the bottom line. It could be called capital ism in its purest form. Making money is not wrong in itself. It is the manner in which some businesses conduct themselves that brings up the question of ethical behavior.Many glo

26、bal businesses, including most of the major brands that the public use, can be seen not to think too highly of good business ethics. Many major brands have been fined millions for breaking ethical business laws. Money is the major deciding factor.Many companies have broken anti-trust, ethical and en

27、vironmental laws and received fines worth millions. The problem is that the amount of money these companies are making outweighs the fines applied. Billion dollar profits blind the companies to their lack of business ethics, and the dollar sign wins.A business may be a multi-million seller, but does

28、 it use good business ethics and do people care? Business ethics should eliminate exploitation, from the sweat shop children who are making sneakers to the coffee serving staff who are being ripped off in wages. Business ethics can be applied to everything from the trees cut down to make the paper t

29、hat a business sells to the ramifications of importing coffee from certain countries.In the end, it may be up to the public to make sure that a company adheres to correct business ethics. If the company is making large amounts of money, they may not wish to pay too close attention to their ethical b

30、ehavior. There are many companies that pride themselves in their correct business ethics, but in this competitive world, they are becoming very few and far between.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following is not true about the business ethics?A. It is the behavior that a business adheres to in its daily

31、dealings with the world.B. It includes the moral principles or codes a company implements to ensure that all individuals working in the company act with acceptable behavior.C. It is the principles of conduct by which a company operates.D. It has nothing to do with advertising and a reasonable cost f

32、or the quality of the product.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does the author say “many businesses have gained a bad reputation just by being in business“ in the 4th paragraph?A. Because the business ethics is considered to be an oxymoron.B. Because making money is not wrong in itself.C. Because a company

33、can not make money and simultaneously adhere to the business ethics.D. Because many companies did not mean to violate the business ethics.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which is main reason why so many companies do not adhere to business ethics?A. Billion dollar profits blind the companies to their lack of bu

34、siness ethicsB. Making money and profits should ignore the business ethics.C. The amount of the fines is not even worth mentioning when compared with profits.D. Many companies lack the consciousness of the business ethics.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is considered to be a dishonesty?A. Companies receiv

35、ed fines because it makes false claims in its advertising.B. Companies recall the defective products or to refund their purchase price.C. Companies conceal the deficiency of products.D. Companies become the link in the chain of unethical businesses.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author suggest t

36、o deal with the ethics violation?A. Business ethics should eliminate exploitationB. The authority is urged to give stricter levels of punishment.C. Companies should pride themselves in their correct business ethics.D. Public should put pressure on those bad business ethics.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Which

37、 is not one of the phenomena in the present business world?A. Many popular companies have been fined time and time again.B. It is considered that businesses are interested in making money.C. The issue of business ethics has garnered increased attention.D. Those which adhere to business ethics are be

38、coming very few and far between.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Establishing Ethical Standards of Behavior in a Small BusinessEntrepreneurs and small business owners (21) great influence in determining the ethical philosophies of their business enterprises. Employees often follow the lea

39、d of the owner in (22) their duties and (23) to their responsibilities, so it is incumbent on the owner to establish a work environment that embraces moral standards of behavior. Business experts and ethicists alike point to a number of actions that owners and managers can take to help (24) their co

40、mpany down the path of ethical business behavior. Establishing a statement of organizational values, for example, can provide employeesand the company as a wholewith a specific framework of expected (25) Such statements offer employees, business associates, and the larger community (26) a consistent

41、 portrait of the companys operating principleswhy it (27) what it believes, and how it intends to act to make sure that its activities (28) with its professed beliefs. Active reviews of strategic plans and objectives can also be undertaken to make certain that they are not in conflict with the compa

42、nys basic ethical standards. In addition, business owners and managers should (29) standard operating procedures and performance measurements within the company to ensure that they are not structured in a way that encourages unethical behavior. As Ben & Jerrys Ice Cream founders Ben Cohen and Jerry

43、Greenfield stat ed, “a values-led business seeks to maximize its impact by (30) socially beneficial actions in to as many of its day-to-day activities as possible. In order to do that, values must lead and be right up there in a companys mission statement, strategy and operating plan. /（分数：10.00）(1)

44、.A. employ B. implement C. wield D. execute（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. executing B. performing C. fulfilling D. exerting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. presiding B. attending C. devoting D. participating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. navigate B. steer C. drive D. lead（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. standard B. scene C. action

45、 D. behavior（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. together B. similarly C. alike D. equally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. appears B. exists C. occurs D. arises（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. tally B. coherent C. dovetail D. match（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. read B. guarantee C. test D. review（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. integrating B. c

46、ompleting C. gathering D. putting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Competitive Pressures on Ethical PrinciplesAmerican society places a great emphasis on success, (31) in and of itself is not a bad thing. It is perfectly justifiable to want to make full (32) of ones talents and provide for

47、 oneself and ones family. People involved in the world of business, (33) often face situations in which advancementwhether in position, influence, or financial staturecan be gained, but only by hurting other individuals or groups. Small business owners are confronted (34) these choices even more oft

48、en than other people of the business world because of the greater degree of autonomy in decision-making that they often enjoy. Moreover, the ethical decisions of small business owners are likely to impact far greater numbers of people (35) are the ethical decisions of that business owners employees.

49、 Very often, an employees ethical choices (to claim credit for the work done by another, to falsify number of hours worked, etc.) have (36) impact on a relatively small number of people, usually co-workers or his or her employer. The ethical choices of business owners, howeverwhether to use inferior materials (37) preparing goods for customers, whether to place employees in a poor HMO, whether to lay off a dozen workers (38) of careless personal financial expenditures,