美国研究生入学考试题库（GRE）真题四及答案解析.doc

1、美国研究生入学考试题库（GRE）真题四及答案解析(总分：156.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、SECTION 1(总题数：29，分数：38.00)1.Because the monkeys under study are - the presence of human beings, they typically - human observers and go about their business.（分数：1.00）A.ambivalent about welcomeB.habituated to disregardC.pleased with snubD.inhibited by

2、seekE.unaware of avoid2.Give he previously expressed interest and the ambitious tone of her recent speeches, the senators attempt to convince the public that she is not inter not inter- ested in running for a second term is -.（分数：1.00）A.laudableB.likelyC.authenticD.futileE.sincere3.Many of her follo

3、wers remain - to her, and even those who have rejected her leadership are unconvinced of the - of replacing her during.（分数：1.00）A.opposed urgencyB.friendly harmC.loyal wisdomD.cool usefulnessE.sympathetic disadvantage4.Unlike many recent interpretations of Beethovens piano sonatas, the recitalists p

4、erformance was a delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite -.（分数：1.00）A.appealingB.exuberantC.idiosyncraticD.unskilledE.controlled5.Species with relatively - metabolic rates, including hibernators, generally live longer than those whose metabol

5、ic rates are more rapid.（分数：1.00）A.prolificB.sedentaryC.sluggishD.measuredE.restive6.Belying his earlier reputation for - as a negotiator, Morgan had recently assumed a more - stance for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.（分数：1.00）A.intransigence conciliatoryB.impropriety intolerantC.in

6、flexibility unreasonableD.success authoritativeE.incompetence combative7.Although Irish literature continued to flourish after the sixteenth century, a - tradition is - in the visual arts: we think about Irish culture in terms of the word, not in terms of pictorial images.（分数：1.00）A.rich superfluous

7、B.lively foundC.comparable absentD.forgotten apparentE.lost extant8.SILVER: TARNISH:（分数：1.00）A.gold: burnishB.steel: forgeC.iron: rustD.lead: castE.tin: shear9.DISLIKE: LOATHING:（分数：1.00）A.appreciation: gratificationB.hunger: appetiteC.void: dearthD.pleasure: blissE.pain: ache10.CRAVEN: HEROIC:（分数：1

8、.00）A.unruly: energeticB.listless: attractiveC.volatile: constantD.deft: triflingE.awkward: amusing11.FILLY: HORSE:（分数：1.00）A.antennae: butterflyB.pullet: chickenC.gaggle: gooseD.duck: drakeE.wasp: bee12.PITHINESS: APHORISM:（分数：1.00）A.craft: artB.detail: sketchC.illusion: storyD.exaggeration: carica

9、tureE.sophistication: farce13.EPHEMERAL: ENDURING:（分数：1.00）A.infirm: healingB.insensitive: cooperatingC.inanimate: livingD.interminable: continuingE.ineffectual: proceeding14.POSTURER: UNAFFECTED:（分数：1.00）A.brat: insolentB.hypocrite: perceptiveC.grouch: respectedD.bigot: tolerantE.rogue: empathetic1

10、5.FACETIOUS: SPEECH:（分数：1.00）A.precocious: learningB.unbecoming: colorC.exemplary: conductD.craven: timidityE.antic: behavior16.VAGARY: PREDICT:（分数：1.00）A.quotation: misdirectB.investigation: confirmC.stamina: depleteD.turbulence: upsetE.impossibility: executeThere are four questions belowThis is no

11、t to deny that the Black gospel music of the early twentieth century differed in important ways from the slave spirituals. Whereas spirituals were created and dis- seminated in folk fashion, gospel music was composed, published, copyrighted, and sold by professionals. Nevertheless, improvisation rem

12、ained central to gospel music. One has only to listen to the recorded repertoire of gospel songs to realize that Black gospel singers rarely sang a song precisely the same way twice and never according to its exact musical notation. They performed what jazz musi- cians call “head arrangements“ proce

13、eding from their own feelings and from the way “the spirit“ moved them at the time. This improvisatory element was reflected in the man- ner in which gospel music was published. Black gospe composers scored the music intended for White singing groups fully, indicating the various vocal parts and the

14、 accompaniment, but the music produced for Black singers included only a vocal line and piano accompaniment（分数：4）(1).Which of the following best describes “head arrange- ment“ as the term is used in line 11?（分数：1）A.A published version of a gospel song produced for use by Black singersB.A gospel song

15、 based on a slave spiritualC.A musical score shared by a gospel singer and a jazz musicianD.An informally written composition intended for use by a gospel singerE.An improvised performance inspired by the singers emotions(2).The author mentions “folk fashion“ (line 4) most likely in order to（分数：1）A.

16、counter an assertion about the role of improvi- sation in music created by Black peopleB.compare early gospel music with gospel music written later in the twentieth centuryC.make a distinction between gospel music and slave spiritualsD.introduce a discussion about the dissemination of slave spiritua

17、lsE.describe a similarity between gospel music and slave spirituals(3).The passage suggests which of the following about Black gospel music and slave spirituals?（分数：1）A.Both became widely known in the early twentieth centuryB.Both had an important improvisatory element.C.Both were frequently perform

18、ed by jazz musicians.D.Both were published with only a vocal line and piano accompaniment.E.Both were disseminated chiefly by Black singing groups.(4).Of the following sentences, which is most likely to have immediately preceded the passage?（分数：1）A.Few composers of gospel music drew on traditions su

19、ch as the spiritual in creating their songs.B.Spirituals and Black gospel music were derived from the same musical traditionC.The creation and singing of spirituals, practiced by Black Americans before the Civil War, continued after the warD.Spirituals and gospel music can be clearly distinguished f

20、rom one anotherE.Improvisation was one of the primary characteristics of the gospel music created by Black musicians.There are seven questions belowAbout a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a law of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature.

21、According to the Arrhenius equation, chemical reaction are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperatures approach absolute zero,and at absolute zero (zero degrees Kelvin, or minus 273 degrees Celsius) reactions stop. However, recent experi- mental evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equati

22、on is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperatures, at tem- peratures closer to zero a quantum- mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of clas

23、si- cal chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can “tunnel“ )through the barriers of repulsive forces from other mole- cules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier. The rate of any chemica

24、l reaction, regardless of the tem-perature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so- called potential well of energy. A chemical reaction corre- sponds to the transition of

25、 a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going over the potential barrier between the wells, the height of which remains constant and is called the activation energy of the reaction. In tunneling

26、, the reacting mole-cules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without having to rise over the barrier between the two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius

27、 transi ions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart. This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: the formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach

28、only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays (high-energy protons and other particles) might trigger the synthesis of simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means of tunneling. Aft

29、er I offered my hypothesis, Hoyle and Wickramasinghe argued that molecules of interstellar form- aldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. Their conclusions, although strongly disputed, have generated excitement among investigators such as myself who are

30、proposing that the galactic clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.（分数：7）(1).The author of the passage is primarily concerned with（分数：1）A.describing how the principles of classical chemistry were developedB.initiating a debate about the kinds

31、of chemical reactions required for the development of lifeC.explaining how current research in chemistry may be related to broader biological concernsD.reconciling opposing theories about chemical reactionsE.clarifying inherent ambiguities in the laws of clas- sical chemistry(2).According to the pas

32、sage, classical chemical reactions and tunneling reactions are alike in which of the following ways?（分数：1）A.In both types of reactions, reacting molecules have to rise over the barrier between the two wellsB.In both types of reactions, a transition is made from the bottom of one potential well to th

33、e bottom of anotherC.In neither type of reaction does the height of the barrier between the wells remain constant.D.In neither type of reaction does the rate of a chemical reaction depend on its activation energyE.In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are able to go through the barrier betw

34、een the two wells.(3).According to the Arrhenius equation as discussed in the passage, which of the following statements about chemical reactions is true?（分数：1）A.Chemical reactions are less likely to occur at tem- peratures close to absolute zero.B.In some cases the rate of a chemical reaction is re

35、lated to temperature and in other cases it is not.C.Chemical reactions frequently occur at a few degrees above absolute zero, but they are very unpredictable.D.The rate of a chemical reaction depends on many other factors besides temperatureE.Chemical reaction rate and temperature are not related.(4

36、).The authors attitude toward the theory of a cold pre- history of life can best be described as（分数：1）A.neutralB.skepticalC.mildly positiveD.very supportiveE.pointedly critical(5).The authors hypothesis concerning be cold prehistory of life would be most weakened if which of the following were true?

37、（分数：1）A.Cosmic rays are unlikely to trigger the formation of simple moleculesB.Tunneling occurs only in a narrow band of tem- peratures around zero degrees KelvinC.The synthesis of interstellar formaldehyde can be activated by means other than cosmic raysD.Simple molecules can be synthesized by mean

38、s of tunneling.E.Classical chemical reactions do not occur at tem- peratures close to absolute zero.(6).Which of the following best describes the hypothesis of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe as it is presented in the passage?（分数：1）A.Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex organic moleculesB.The galact

39、ic clouds are the places where prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurredC.Interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by tunnelingD.Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve into complex organic molecules.E.Complex organic molecules can be synthesized from stable polys

40、accharides such as cellulose and starch.(7).Which of the following best describes the organization of the first two paragraphs of the passage?（分数：1）A.The author cites a basic principle of classical chemistry and then describes the research from which that principle was developedB.The author cites an

41、 apparent contradiction to the principles of classical chemistry and then explains the process of a chemical reaction to show there is in fact no contradiction.C.the author describes the role of heat in chemical reactions and then offers a detailed explanation of its functionD.The author presents a

42、law of classical chemistry in order to introduce a kind of chemical reaction that differs from it and then explains the essential difference between the two.E.The author presents the fundamental rules of clas- sical chemistry in order to introduce an explanation of a specific chemical reaction.17.PR

43、EFACE：（分数：1.00）A.improvisationB.burlesqueC.epilogueD.tangentE.backdrop18.DEBILITATE:（分数：1.00）A.implicateB.invigorateC.obfuscateD.realignE.encumber19.ASTY：（分数：1.00）A.uninterestingB.unfamiliarC.unexpectedD.understatedE.undervalued20.ABNEGATE:（分数：1.00）A.refreshB.reaffirmC.relieveD.reactE.reform21.SERRI

44、ED:（分数：1.00）A.partially formedB.widely separatedC.narrowly missedD.extremely gratefulE.reasonably clean22.BOMBASTIC:（分数：1.00）A.unflappableB.uninspiredC.unpretentiousD.inscrutableE.incisive23.BANAL:（分数：1.00）A.comfortableB.novelC.equalD.fatalE.competent24.LANGUISH:（分数：1.00）A.agitateB.wanderC.relieveD.

45、discomfitE.thrive25.ENNUI:（分数：1.00）A.intimidationB.sleazeC.faint recollectionD.keen interestE.deep reservation26.DAUNTLESS：（分数：1.00）A.sophomoricB.triflingC.pusillanimousD.speciousE.parsimonious27.TEMERITY:（分数：1.00）A.credibilityB.authorityC.celebrityD.acrimonyE.circumspection二、SECTION 2(总题数：12，分数：25.

46、00)28.Drug companies lose money when manufacturing drugs that cure those suffering from rare diseases because selling a drug to only a few people usually does not recoup manufacturing expensesTherefore, a company manufacturing any of the drugs that cure those suffering from loxemia, an extremely rar

47、e disease, will undoubtedly lose money Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above？（分数：1.00）A.Several drugs that cure those suffering from loxemia also cure those suffering from very common illnessesB.Most of those who contract loxemia also contract another illness c

48、oncurrentlyC.Most of the drug companies that manufacture drugs that cure rare diseases do not manufacture drugs that cure loxemia.D.A sizable number of people are afflicted with one or another rare disease even though each rare disease afflicts only a small number of peopleE.The larger the amount of

49、 a drug that is manufactured, the lower the manufacturing expense for each unit of the drug that is produced29.The tomb of a warrior killed in 1501 bears a sculpted portrait depicting him dressed for battleSome historians attribute the portrait to an artist from that century, but of the many references to the tomb in surviving documents, none that predates the 1800s mentions the portraitThe portrait is therefore more likely the work of a much later artist Which of the following, if true, would also support the conclusion of the argument