上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟笔记题(七)及答案解析.doc

1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟笔记题(七)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Note-taking and Gap-(总题数：0，分数：0.00)AWhen 1 have spots, someone will tell them to eat less chocolate. Is there any 2 in his advice? First, is there any 3 that people who eat chocolate are more likely to have acne? Second, is there a 4 by which 5 cho

2、colate could cause spots? Spots occur when skin 6 become blocked with sebum. Millions of 7 living on our skin can cause a spot. Is there a process by which chocolate could 8 ache? One theory is that since chocolate is fatty it could lead to more sebum and more blocked pores. Another is that large qu

3、antities of chocolate could 9 the levels of some 10 , leading to an increase in sebum production. One of the two studies looking at chocolate found the quantity of chocolate and 11 nuts made no difference to acne. The other study also found chocolate made no difference to acne. A study on more than

4、2,000 British soldiers suggested a possible link with 12 . But 13 studies meant that any 14 between food and acne was at best 15 . Then came the finding that no one in 16 populations in New Guinea and Paraguay had acne. Diet was back on the 17 . If diet makes a difference, then which kinds of foods

5、have the biggest 18 on acne? Are they fat and sugar? The fact is that regardless of what people 19 , their acne gets better when they leave their 20 . （分数：50.00）BScientists are looking at ways to 1 the global temperature by removing greenhouse gases from the air. Carbon dioxide has a 2 effect on the

6、 Earth“s temperature. Since the industrial revolution, humans have been burning 3 amounts of fossil fuels, releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide. The gas is changing the climate, warming the 4 for plants and animals and raising sea 5 . Even if we stopped burning fossil fuels today, there is enou

7、gh carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Hence, we have the idea of finding ways of 6 carbon dioxide. In recent years there have been 7 to remove the carbon dioxide from its 8 in power plants. 9 have been fitted to the 10 , so the carbon dioxide produced during fuel burning can be removed from the 11 em

8、issions. The carbon dioxide can be cooled and pumped for 12 in underground rock chambers, which is a useful way of preventing carbon dioxide from entering the 13 . But what about the 14 that is already out there? The problem with removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is that it“s 15 at such a

9、16 concentration. Removing the gas takes lots of energy. Though it is expensive, it“s 17 . Extracting the 18 of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would require enormous volumes of 19 to be processed. Therefore, most scientists have 20 at the idea. （分数：50.00）上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟笔记题(七)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：

10、90 分钟)一、Note-taking and Gap-(总题数：0，分数：0.00)AWhen 1 have spots, someone will tell them to eat less chocolate. Is there any 2 in his advice? First, is there any 3 that people who eat chocolate are more likely to have acne? Second, is there a 4 by which 5 chocolate could cause spots? Spots occur when s

11、kin 6 become blocked with sebum. Millions of 7 living on our skin can cause a spot. Is there a process by which chocolate could 8 ache? One theory is that since chocolate is fatty it could lead to more sebum and more blocked pores. Another is that large quantities of chocolate could 9 the levels of

12、some 10 , leading to an increase in sebum production. One of the two studies looking at chocolate found the quantity of chocolate and 11 nuts made no difference to acne. The other study also found chocolate made no difference to acne. A study on more than 2,000 British soldiers suggested a possible

13、link with 12 . But 13 studies meant that any 14 between food and acne was at best 15 . Then came the finding that no one in 16 populations in New Guinea and Paraguay had acne. Diet was back on the 17 . If diet makes a difference, then which kinds of foods have the biggest 18 on acne? Are they fat an

14、d sugar? The fact is that regardless of what people 19 , their acne gets better when they leave their 20 . （分数：50.00）解析：teenagers 听力原文 There are lots of claims and theories regarding the ill effects of ache on our skin, but a recent study unwraps the sweet truth about our guiltiest pleasure. When te

15、enagers have spots, someone will tell them to eat less chocolate. Whether there“s any truth in this involves asking two questions: first, is there any evidence that people who eat chocolate are more likely to have acne; and second, is there a process by which ingesting chocolate could cause spots? S

16、pots occur when skin pores become blocked with sebum. If the pore is partially blocked you get a blackhead. If it“s fully blocked you get a whitehead. All of us have millions of harmless bacteria living on our skin, and these can infect a blocked pore, causing a spot. If you get a lot of spots it is

17、 known as acne. If both your parents had acne when they were teenagers then you are more likely to have it too. The reason that adolescents are particularly prone to spots is that sebum-producing glands are highly sensitive to hormones. Acne usually reduces by the time you become an adult, but a sma

18、ll percentage of people find it persists. But back to the question, is there a process by which chocolate could exacerbate acne? There are several theories. One is that since chocolate is fatty it could in theory lead to the production of more sebum, and therefore more blocked pores. Another is that

19、 large quantities of chocolate could raise insulin levels in the bloodstream, altering the levels of some hormones, leading to an increase in sebum production. There were two studies looking at chocolate. One study found that the quantity of chocolate, milk and roasted nuts university students ate m

20、ade no difference to the severity of acne. In 1969, a placebo-controlled study conducted in patients visiting an ache clinic and men in prison also found chocolate made no difference to acne. Now you might be wondering what a chocolate placebo looks like, and where you can get one. The participants

21、were given chocolate bars with the same fat and sugar content as ordinary chocolate, but with lower levels of cocoa. So this study only tells us that cocoa makes no difference to ache, it tells us little if not nothing about fat and sugar. What“s more, the prisoners and patients only ate chocolate f

22、or four weeks. Medication for acne usually takes two or more months before an improvement is seen, so this might not have been long enough to show chocolate“s effect on the skin. So we can“t yet pin the blame on chocolate, but how about diet in general? A study from back in 1956 on more than two tho

23、usand British soldiers suggested a possible link with diet; it found that 20-to-40-year-old soldiers with ache were likely to weigh more than teenage soldiers without. But for many years inconclusive studies meant that any link between food and acne was at best unproven, and at worse a myth. Then in

24、 2002 came the intriguing finding that no one in non-westernised populations in New Guinea and Paraguay had acne. Suddenly diet was back on the agenda. Of course there is the possibility it is genetics that is protecting these populations from acne, but if diet does make a difference, then we need t

25、o know which kinds of foods in industrialized countries are having the biggest impact on acne. Is it the amount of fat consumed that matters, or sugar, or as some have suggested, the speed at which the sugar breaks down? The fact is that regardless of what people eat, their acne usually gets better

26、when they leave their teens. So if we are ever to discover the answer, what we need are well-designed prospective studies. And that means tracking people across many months or even years while assessing their chocolate consumption and the severity of their ache.解析：truth解析：evidence解析：process解析：ingest

27、ing解析：pores解析：bacteria解析：exacerbate解析：alter解析：hormones解析：roasted解析：diet解析：inconclusive解析：link解析：unproven解析：non-westernised解析：agenda解析：impact解析：eat解析：teensBScientists are looking at ways to 1 the global temperature by removing greenhouse gases from the air. Carbon dioxide has a 2 effect on the Earth“

28、s temperature. Since the industrial revolution, humans have been burning 3 amounts of fossil fuels, releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide. The gas is changing the climate, warming the 4 for plants and animals and raising sea 5 . Even if we stopped burning fossil fuels today, there is enough carb

29、on dioxide in the atmosphere. Hence, we have the idea of finding ways of 6 carbon dioxide. In recent years there have been 7 to remove the carbon dioxide from its 8 in power plants. 9 have been fitted to the 10 , so the carbon dioxide produced during fuel burning can be removed from the 11 emissions

30、 The carbon dioxide can be cooled and pumped for 12 in underground rock chambers, which is a useful way of preventing carbon dioxide from entering the 13 . But what about the 14 that is already out there? The problem with removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is that it“s 15 at such a 16 conc

31、entration. Removing the gas takes lots of energy. Though it is expensive, it“s 17 . Extracting the 18 of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would require enormous volumes of 19 to be processed. Therefore, most scientists have 20 at the idea. （分数：50.00）解析：lower 听力原文 Scientists are looking at ways to lo

32、wer the global temperature by removing greenhouse gases from the air. Could super-absorbent fake leaves be the answer? It may be a colorless, odorless and completely natural gas, but carbon dioxide is beginning to cause us a lot of problems. It only makes up a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, 0.04%

33、of all the gas by volume, but it has a huge effect on the Earth“s temperature. That“s because unlike nitrogen or oxygen, carbon dioxide molecules absorb the sun“s heat rays even though they let light rays pass through, like a greenhouse. Scientists are looking at ways to modulate the global temperat

34、ure by removing some of this greenhouse gas from the air. If it works, it would be one of the few ways of geo-engineering the planet with multiple benefits, beyond simply cooling the atmosphere. Every time we breathe out, we emit carbon dioxide just like all other metabolic life forms. Meanwhile, ph

35、otosynthetic organisms like plants and algae take in carbon dioxide and emit oxygen. This balance has kept the planet at a comfortably warm average temperature of 14, compared with a chilly -18 if there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In the Anthropocene (the Age of Man), we have shifted t

36、his balance by releasing more carbon dioxide than plants can absorb. Since the industrial revolution, humans have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, releasing stored carbon from millions of years ago. Eventually the atmosphere will reach a new balance at a hotter temperature as a resul

37、t of the additional carbon dioxide, but getting there is going to be difficult. The carbon dioxide we are releasing is changing the climate, the wind and precipitation patterns, acidifying the oceans, warming the habitats for plants and animals, melting glaciers and ice sheets, increasing the freque

38、ncy of wildfires and raising sea levels. And we are doing this at such a rapid pace that animals and plants may not have time to evolve to the new conditions. Humans won“t have to rely on evolution, but we will have to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on adapting or moving our cities and other

39、infrastructure, and finding ways to grow our food crops under these unfamiliar conditions. Even if we stopped burning fossil fuels today, there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and it is such a persistent, lasting gas that temperatures will continue to rise for a few hundred years. We won

40、t stop emitting carbon dioxide today, of course, and it is now very likely that within the lifetime of people born today we will increase the temperature of the planet by at least 3 more than the average temperature before the industrial revolution. Hence, the idea of finding ways of removing carbo

41、n dioxide from the atmosphere. One way to do this is to grow plants that absorb a lot of carbon dioxide and store it. But although we can certainly improve tree-planting, we also need land to grow food for an increasing global population, so there“s a limit to how much forestry we can fit on the pla

42、net. In recent years there have been attempts to remove the carbon dioxide from its source in power plants. Scrubber devices have been fitted to the chimneys in different pilot projects around the world so that the greenhouse gas produced during fossil fuel burning can be removed from the exhaust em

43、issions. The carbon dioxide can then be cooled and pumped for storage in deep underground rock chambers, for example, replacing the fluid in saline aquifers. Another storage option is to use the collected gas to replace crude oil deposits, helping drilling companies to pump out oil from hard-to-reac

44、h places, in a process known as advanced oil recovery. Removing this pollution from power plants, called carbon capture and storage, is a useful way of preventing additional carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere as we continue to burn fossil fuels. But what about the gas that is already out th

45、ere? The problem with removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is that it“s present at such a low concentration. In a power plant chimney, for instance, carbon dioxide is present at concentrations of 4%- 12% within a relatively small amount of exhaust air. Removing the gas takes a lot of energy,

46、so it is expensive, but it“s feasible. To extract the 0.04% of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would require enormous volumes of air to be processed. As a result, most scientists have baulked at the idea.解析：huge解析：increasing解析：habitats解析：levels解析：removing解析：attempts解析：source解析：Devices解析：chimneys解析：exhaust解析：storage解析：atmosphere解析：gas解析：present解析：low解析：feasible解析：0.04%解析：air解析：baulked