上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2016年09月及答案解析.doc

1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题 2016 年 09 月及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1: LISTENING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A: Spot Directi(总题数：1，分数：30.00)How is urbanization negatively affecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. Urbanism 1 , political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. R

2、apid population growth in urban areas 2 . In the United States, the breaking of 3 is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The 4 and children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more. There is 5 , and declining social family significan

3、ce as America has transferred industrial, educational and recreational activities to 6 outside the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, 7 . The variations of people give rise to 8 by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage, as well as economic and social status. Segregatio

4、n often 9 between social groups. This can cause 10 to individuals or society. People will choose their 11 according to many different ideals and needs, for example, what fits their budget. The government 12 for development attempting to meet rapidly increasing demands for education, housing, agricul

5、ture and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government budget is 13 mainly due to differentiation in areas. Areas with higher income will obviously have 14 to work with. Urban areas are usually lacking 15 . Therefore they are not able to repair all the problems in these areas

6、, such as 16 . Due to the overpopulation, the rising divorce rate and the lack of employment opportunity, 17 will continue to increase in urban areas. These children grow up in poverty and usually look at crime as 18 . The problems in urban areas are far more serious than can be handled 19 . We can

7、only hope to contain them, and attempt to make sure that no more problems 20 . （分数：30.00）三、Part B: Listening Co(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. （分数：5.00）A.To enquire about the room service.B.To file a formal complaint.C.To arrange a conference at the hotel.D.

8、To recommend some new customer.A.There were not enough rooms for twenty people.B.They were kept waiting outside while the rooms were being cleaned.C.One of them was assigned to a room in the smoking area.D.Two of the rooms were not ready when they arrived.A.There wasn“t a non-smoking sign.B.There we

9、ren“t any clean towels.C.The bed hadn“t been made up.D.A full ashtray had been left in the room.A.The dinner had started at 7:00.B.The dinner was served as expected.C.They didn“t finish it until 9:30.D.They didn“t have enough food.A.A new invoice with a thank-you note.B.A letter promising to improve

10、 the poor service.C.A return coupon with a deduction of 10%.D.A full investigation and some deduction.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. （分数：5.00）A.To help monitor the Zika disease more effectively.B.To provide more opportunities for the disabled athletes.C.To avoid the spread of Zik

11、a and the births of malformed babies.D.To display the generosity of heart by the World Health Organisation.A.17.B.19.C.23.D.46.A.They were stabbed to death while struggling with the attacker.B.They fought against the attacker and snatched the knife from him.C.They helped subdue the attacker and save

12、d other people“s life.D.They prevented a stabbing rampage from getting worse.A.45.B.50.C.50.6.D.51.A.Electrostatic charges that can be switched on and off.B.Flying microrobots that can be used in natural disasters.C.Swarms of cheap robots to fight against forest fires or other natural disasters.D.Ho

13、vering programmed drones, all around the size of 10 centimeters.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. （分数：5.00）A.Sixth and Hobart.B.Urban L.A.C.Chinatown.D.Koreatown.A.Actor.B.Producer.C.Script writer.D.Director.A.There is an urgent need of budgeting.B.There is more opportunity fo

14、r Asian American actors.C.The first principal role goes to an Asian American.D.Its success relies on a large audience.A.A Korean American boy.B.A 16-year old girl in New York.C.A Vietnamese young man.D.A Japanese college student.A.More younger movie goers prefer independent films to Hollywood ones.B

15、.More younger Asian Americans identify with their American idols.C.More teenage girls and boys reject popcorn movies or summer action flicks.D.More college students become fans for Hollywood movies.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. （分数：5.00）A.How to interact with colleagues and cli

16、ents face to face.B.How to make effective telephone conversations.C.What skills are needed to get and hold down a job.D.What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself.A.Managerial.B.Social.C.Financial.D.Technological.A.Basic-to-advanced knowledge of computer application.B.Ability to calcula

17、te all transactions, profits and costs.C.Creativity in making presentations to clients.D.Proficiency in at least one foreign language.A.To create your own databases on the computer.B.To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends.C.To use the computer and become familiar with its

18、 operation.D.To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can.A.Graduating students.B.Trainee managers.C.Professional secretaries.D.Low-level administrative staff.四、SECTION 2: READING T(总题数：4，分数：50.00)The Archbishop of Canterbury“s story seemed rather extraordinary. Here was a deeply mora

19、l, responsible, successful family man whose whisky salesman father had been an alcoholic with few scruples and little sense of discipline. He forced his presumed son into midnight flits from creditors and couldn“t even be honest about his real name: Weiler. Justin Welby, it seemed, was saved by a lo

20、ving grandmother, caring mother and a great education at Eton. Nurture had won. The Most Rev Justin Welby had obviously inherited few of his father“s predispositions. Only now we learn that his real father was Sir Anthony Browne, a member of the establishment and private secretary to Winston Churchi

21、ll. So maybe it was all in the genes after all. The nature v nurture discussion is becoming increasingly heated. On the one hand there is the clinical psychologist Oliver James who recently published his book Not in Your Genes. He is convinced that when it comes to conditions such as bipolar disorde

22、r and schizophrenia, genes play little or no part, “there is just a mass of evidence that something has gone horribly wrong in the family“. James is adamant that children are a product of the state of their parents“ marriage, their birth order and gender, the amount of love they receive and the hope

23、s and fears their parents project on them. No one is made bright or dim by their genes, he insists; parenting is everything. So if you have a schizophrenic child it“s all your fault. This is a depressing point of view to say the least. On the other hand there is the opinion of some geneticists. They

24、 are so determined that it is only our genes that shape our lives that they believe parents will one day have to choose their babies“ attributes: not just eye colour but mental disposition. Through IVF parents can already screen for inherited diseases. Hank Greely, a Stanford professor in law and bi

25、osciences, writes in his new book The End of Sex that there will soon be a brave new world where mothers can choose an embryo based on certain genetic characteristics. That would help us to engineer genes we pass down to our descendants. This is equally worrying. It is a form of eugenics. The Franci

26、s Crick Institute says its gene-editing research has nothing to do with eugenics; and British law prohibits pregnancies from gene-edited embryos. Others, though, may not be as scrupulous. Neurobiology lecturer Adam Perkins has pondered whether there is a group of people more likely to live on welfar

27、e as a result of genetic predispositions. Perhaps as parents we will soon feel an obligation only to produce children who will be naturally thin, clever, hard-working and mentally stable. From the point of view of a mother, both the “nurture“ view and the “nature“ one are deeply demoralising. The as

28、sumption is that unless you give your child the right genes and bring them up perfectly, you will have failed. From a child“s viewpoint these two arguments are also devastating. Both assume that children have no control over their own fate and destroy a child“s hope that ultimately what matters is n

29、ot their genetic make-up or their upbringing but what they decide to do with their life. If parents cannot help, schools must show children how to take responsibility for shaping their own future rather than allowing them to feel victimised by their history and family circumstances. Most successful

30、people have overcome a series of genetic or environmental obstacles. David Blunkett showed you can beat both. Born blind, he was sent by the council to a boarding school at four and his father died when he was 12. He still regularly gets his face smashed when people in front of him go too fast throu

31、gh revolving doors but he never complains. He has been an impressive politician and a wonderful father. Oliver James will keep writing books suggesting that it is your parents who bring you up; and gene research will keep edging towards designer babies. Yet as the archbishop says, it doesn“t actuall

32、y matter what he inherited from his father and there is no point in blaming his childhood. As adults we can and must choose how to shape our lives（分数：12.50）(1).Why does the author tell us the Archbishop of Canterbury“s story at the beginning of the passage?（分数：2.50）A.To show the hardships he had gon

33、e through in his lifetime.B.To expound the relationship between him and his two fathers.C.To discuss the differences between the “nurture“ view and the “nature“ view.D.To serve as an introduction to the nature v nurture argument.(2).Which of the following is NOT true about the clinical psychologist

34、Oliver James?（分数：2.50）A.He insists that the combination of right genes and upbringing is most important.B.He thinks that genetic factors play little or no part in one“s childhood.C.He holds that family circumstances shape children“s future.D.He believes that parenting plays a major role in the growt

35、h of a child.(3).Hank Greely predicted in his book The End of Sex “a brave new world“ (para.3) where mothers can _.（分数：2.50）A.have their babies with IVF technologiesB.determine the sex of their babiesC.choose an embryo with desirable genetic featuresD.decide their babies“ biological and mental attri

36、butes(4).Why does the author say that both the “nurture“ view and the “nature“ view are demoralising from the viewpoint of a mother?（分数：2.50）A.Because no one can surely be guaranteed to have the right genes for their babies.B.Because in either case mothers will not bring up their children perfectly.

37、C.Because both views place the mother in a passive position in bringing up children.D.Because either view is pessimistic with almost least bright future for mothers.(5).Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Children will remain helpless victims of o

38、ur environment or biological make-up.B.Schools should play a major role in helping children shape their own future.C.People will be successful after overcoming genetic or environmental obstacles.D.People can choose how to achieve success despite genetic or family circumstances.The ancient Chinese bo

39、ard game Go was invented long before there was any writing to record its rules. A game from the impossibly distant past has now brought us closer to a moment that once seemed part of an impossibly distant future: a time when machines are cleverer than we are. For years, Go was considered the last re

40、doubt against the march of computers. Machines might win at chess, draughts, Othello, Monopoly, bridge and poker. Go, though, was different. The game requires intuition, strategising, character reading, along with vast numbers of moves and permutations. It was invented to teach people balance and pa

41、tience, qualities unique to human intelligence. This week a computer called AlphaGo defeated the world“s best player of Go. It did so by “learning“ the game, crunching through 30 million positions from recorded matches, reacting and anticipating. It evolved as a player and taught itself. That single

42、 game of Go marks a milestone on the road to “technological singularity“, the moment when artificial intelligence becomes capable of self-improvement and learns faster than humans can control or understand. Fear of the super-intelligent, over-mighty machine is embedded in our psyche. Technological a

43、dvance brings with it the anxiety that the machines will eventually threaten humanity, a dread underpinned by the attribution to machines of our own evolutionary instinct to survive at the expense of lesser species. Artificial intelligence is advancing in ways that were once the preserve of science

44、fiction. Scientists are competing to build robot footballers, with a prediction that would once have sounded barmy: “By the middle of the 21st century, a team of fully autonomous humanoid robot soccer players shall win a soccer game, against the winner of the most recent World Cup.“ Pepper, an affec

45、tionate humanoid robot, was unveiled last year. It is designed to “make people happy“ by reading human emotions using a 3D depth sensor and lasers which analyse the facial expressions and voice tones of the people around it. Robot comes from the Czech robota meaning forced labour. Machines are incre

46、asingly working with humans. They even make financial decisions, one Hong Kong firm recently appointed an algorithm to its board, with an equal vote on investment decisions. Entrenched in our culture is the idea that when Man overreaches himself by playing God, he faces disaster. In Mary Shelley“s F

47、rankenstein , the monster made by man is an offence against religion and nature that turns on its creator. Its alternative title was The Modern Prometheus ; a reference to the figure from Greek mythology who was punished for displaying arrogance towards the gods. It is a short step from Frankenstein

48、 to HAL, the softly spoken computer in 2001: A Space Odyssey, which also turns on its human masters. The film Ex Machina is the latest expression of that terror. Underlying this staple sci-fi plot is the assumption that a machine with comparable or greater abilities than ours will inevitably become

49、an enemy. The theory goes that a robot will eventually take over and throw off the “forced labour“ reflected in its name. Yet machines do only what they are created to do, and no robot could be built that shares our evolutionary biology. For AlphaGo to represent a danger, it would have to know that it had won, and to like winning. As drone technology shows, intelligent machines can be programmed to endanger humans. All inventions can be turned to nefarious ends, and the advance of artificial intelligence requires human intelligence to frame a set of robotic ethics. While the machines