托福-(无听力1及答案解析.doc

1、托福-(无听力 1及答案解析(总分：109.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BREADING/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSet 1/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Music to Your GearsMusic may soothe the savage breast, but it can also damage your health when you are at the wheel. A. Recent research suggests that loud music seriously affects a drivers concentration and psych

2、ologists have warned that such music, blasting away inside a car, can be dangerous, especially in traffic queues or on motorways. B. Heavy metal, with its strong beat, leads to aggressive driving while, at the other end of the spectrum, soothing, melodious music relaxes a driver beyond a safe limit

3、of awareness and into a sleepy haze of inattention. C. The British Automobile Association, which is concerned with road safety, commissioned research into the relationship between serious accidents and music. D. It found that men in the 17-25 age bracket were the most dangerous and accident-prone gr

4、oup. It also found that this group listens to music seventy percent of the time when they are on the move. Upbeat tempos, or heavy metal music, played loudly, can bring on a belligerent attitude. The driving style becomes aggressive and the driver is more apt to take risks. The pace of the driving i

5、s governed by the pace and beat of the music. In Utrials/U, volunteer drivers subjected to loud music said that, although they didnt necessarily feel inclined to drive faster, they did find themselves making faster gear changes, accelerating more quickly and braking more abruptly. The same drivers,

6、when subjected to slow ballads, admitted that they often found their attention wandering and, during a long motorway journey, at least two of the participants found themselves unconsciously wandering across the lane markings. The comments made by the volunteer drivers, some of whom were newly qualif

7、ied, were very revealing. Simon, eighteen, told the AA, “The fast rock track out of Bat Out of Hell is potentially lethal. I found myself going faster and faster without even realizing it. “ Another volunteer, who had been listening to ZZ Tops greatest hits, said, “I was speeding along singing at th

8、e top of my voice and didnt see or hear the fire engine that was trying to overtake me. “ Other comments included. “I get lost in my own thoughts., “Its possible to suffer a dulling of the senses.“, “Not hearing other vehicles is a problem., and “I was revving the engine in time to the beat.“ Slower

9、, more ambient Utracks/U like Chopin stimulate a change in a persons brain pattern, encouraging Alpha waves and inducing a feeling of well-being. A state of relaxation might be good for us at most other times, but not at the wheel of the car. Psychologist Professor Shirley Fisher warned. “The greate

10、st danger is fatigue at the wheel. Some music can lull you into concentration loss, or even mini-sleep, which can cause horrific accidents. “ “Its a matter of selecting your music to suit the conditions. Stimulating music can be useful on long, boring roads but when traffic conditions are difficult,

11、 or traffic is heavy, it can distract you. “ There is, however, an up side, as AA psychologist Dr. Robert West pointed out: “if some music affects our ability to drive safely, then the Ureverse/U is also true. Carefully selected tracks may improve our driving, particularly in the high risk groups. F

12、or example, if we could get young male drivers to listen to Mantovani, they would probably slow down. Sadly, I dont think I could persuade many of them to listen, though. “ As well as the type of music affecting road safety, the very fact that we have high-tech music systems built into our cars also

13、 causes accidents. A recent traffic and road safety report showed that almost forty percent of minor road accidents were caused by people taking their eyes off the road to change a cassette or disc! Whatever our taste in music, or driving style, it looks as if safe driving habits are forced on us in

14、 the future. Rover, British Aerospace, Philips and Swedens Road and Traffic Research Institute have combined to produce a car intelligence system that they have named ARIADN (Application of Real-Time Intelligent Aid for Driving., a sophisticated electronic combined navigation-carphone-collision avoi

15、dance system that takes advantage of radar to warn the driver when a collision is possible. If the car ceases to be at a safe braking distance from the one in front, ARIADN sends a vibration through the accelerator pedal to warn the driver to slow down. The vibration becomes more and more severe the

16、 closer the car gets to the vehicle in front until, if the warnings go unheeded, the engine cuts out and the hazard warning lights go on. So remember, if music is the food of love, do it slowly, especially if youre driving, then we can all “play“ on.（分数：6.00）(1).The word Utrials/U in Paragraph 5 is

17、closest in meaning to _. A. inspections B. experiments C. tryouts D. tribulations（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is true of the effect of music on drivers? A. Both extremes of music can result in risk. B. Slow music stimulates a change in a persons brain pattern

18、. C. The fast rock music was potentially lethal. D. Drivers subjected to slow ballads often found their attention wandering.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The word Utracks/U in Paragraph 9 is closest in meaning to _. A. ways B. music C. field D. trace（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).Why did the author mention comments by

19、 the volunteer drivers in Paragraph 6-8? A. To prove that men in the 17-25 age bracket were the most dangerous and accident-prone group. B. To support the claim that music with a strong beat leads to aggressive driving. C. To indicate the pace of the driving is governed by the pace and beat of the m

20、usic. D. To give an example that soothing music makes drivers relaxed and sleepy.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors description of slow music in Paragraph 9 mentions all of the following EXCEPT _. A. it stimulates a change in a persons brain B. it encourages Alpha waves C. it can lull you into concent

21、ration loss D. tracks like Chopin can cause horrific accidents（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).In Paragraph 11, why did the author cite psychologist Dr. Robert Wests comments? A. To indicate that selected music may both improve and distract driving. B. To prove carefully selected music only benefits those in th

22、e high risk group. C. To show that Mantovani benefits young male drivers when they are on the move. D. To give evidence that it is hard to persuade young male drivers to listen to Mantovani.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).The word Ureverse/U in Paragraph 11 is closest in meaning to _. A. inverse B. opposite C.

23、 regress D. reversion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).According to Paragraph 12, which of the following can be inferred about the effect of high-tech music systems on drivers? A. It is convenient to listen to music when drivers are driving. B. It is one of the causes leading to traffic accidents. C. It is not e

24、asy for drivers to change a cassette or disc. D. It attracts the drivers attention and takes their eyes off the road.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).In Paragraph 13, the authors description of ARIADN mentions which of the following? A. Drivers safe driving. B. Drivers taste of music. C. Drivers driving style.

25、D. Drivers ignorance.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).The authors description of the effect of music on driving mentions all of the following EXCEPT _. A. music may calm you down but it can also lead to traffic accidents B. drivers who listen to music while driving are dangerous C. high-tech music systems buil

26、t in cars do not cause car accidents D. different music leads to different driving styles（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.There are two extremes in music, both of which can result in risk.Where would the sentence

27、best fit? A. Square . B. Square . C. Square . D. Square .（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases below. Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the type of music to which they related. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. T

28、his question is worth 4 points. Stimulating music Soothing music Answer ChoicesA. With this music, drivers would drive very aggressively.B. With music, drivers feel so relaxed that they cannot realize the dangers.C. This music makes drivers adopt a very hostile attitude.D. This music helps drivers t

29、o concentrate when they are driving for a long time and feeling very bored.E. The speed of driving is controlled by the pace and beat of music.F. Drivers would go across the lane markings without realization.G. Drivers tend to speed and brake in a sudden move.H. This music makes drivers sleepy, lose

30、 concentration and even fall into a nap.I. This music is very helpful to drivers when they are driving.（分数：0.50）_三、BSet 2/B(总题数：1，分数：6.50)How to Take Your TimeHow a person thinks about time can kill him, according to Dossey, a pioneer in the emerging science of chronobiology, the study of how time i

31、nteracts with life. One of the most common ills in our society, he says, is “time sickness“, a sense of time pressure and hurry that cause anxiety and tension. These Usymptoms/U can contribute to heart disease and strokes, two of our most frequent causes of death. A. Almost all living things in our

32、world carry their own biological clocks synchronised with the rhythms of nature. B. A crab can Usense/U when the tide is about to change. A mouse wakes when night nears. A squirrel knows when to prepare for its long winter nap. C. They adjust to changes in the environment. D. . Light is the most pow

33、erful synchroniser in most living things. But in humans there is another powerful synchroniser: other people. Pioneering studies in Germany reported that when people were put together in groups isolated from Uexternal/U time cues of light, temperature and humidity, their own complex internal time-ke

34、eping rhythms became desynchronised; then they resynchronised in unison. Even body temperatures started to rise and fall together, a sign that subtle biochemical changes in each body were now happening together. These experiments may have discovered one of the mysterious forces that reshape individu

35、als into members of a team, cult or mob. The mind can alter rhythms of time in various ways. People brought back from the brink of death often recall their entire lives flashing before them in an instant. Those who have been in a serious accident often report that, as it occurred, everything happene

36、d in slow motion; apparently this is a survival tool built into the brain, an ability to Uaccelerate/U to several times normal perceptual speed, thereby “slowing down“ the world and giving the victim “time“ to think about how to avoid disaster. Because the time our society keeps has been taught to u

37、s since birth, we think of it as something that everyone everywhere must somehow share. But cultures differ in how they perceive time. In North America and the industrialised countries of northern Europe, life is tightly scheduled. To keep someone waiting is frowned upon. But in southern Europe and

38、in the Hispanic countries of Latin America, people are given priority over schedules, and in making appointments, the starting time is more flexible. Each view of time has advantages and disadvantages. But the costs can be great. When our natural inner rhythms are out of synchronisation with clock t

39、ime, stress results. Under the tyranny of clock time, western industrialised society now finds that heart disease and related illnesses are the leading causes of death. However, such “time illnesses“ can be treated and prevented by changing the way we think about time. He applies simple techniques t

40、hat you can also use to change and master your own time: 1) Unclock your life. Stop wearing a wristwatch. Time becomes much less of a concern when we break the habit of looking at clocks or watches. 2) Set your own inner sense of time. To illustrate that time is relative, Einstein observed that to a

41、 person sitting on a hot stove, two minutes could feel like two hours; to the young man with a pretty girl, two hours could seem like two minutes. 3) Tap your bodys power to change time. We all possess an inborn ability to relax. Most people can summon it up merely by dismissing disturbing thoughts

42、and by controlling their breathingfor example, by thinking the word “one“ with each outgoing breath. Within several minutes this can produce deep calm. 4) Synchronize yourself with nature. Take time to watch a sunset, or a cloud cross the sky. Remember that there is a time far older than what humank

43、ind has created with clocks. The cultural pattern we call time is learnt, and if we wish to live in harmony with nature, we must learn to recognize that its time still shapes our world and should not be ignored. We created the mechanical time around which our society operates, and we have the freedo

44、m to choose whether we will be its slave or its master.（分数：6.50）(1).The word Usymptoms/U in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _. A. distresses B. indications C. reasons D. representatives（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The word Usense/U in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _. A. assume B. perceive C. com

45、prehend D. observe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The word Uexternal/U in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _. A. outside B. inner C. latter D. former（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, which of the following is true of the concept of time? A. It is the same everywhere in the world. B. It is diffe

46、rent from culture to culture. C. It is taught by society. D. It is born within people.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, the fact that everything in an accident happens in slow motion occurs because _. A. it is the result of the minds regulation B. it is to delay peoples reactions C. it

47、is to accelerate the motion of the world D. it is an illusion of the eyes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).The authors description of the condition resulting in stress mentions which of the following? A. We cannot treat “time illnesses“. B. Our view of time has disadvantages. C. Our biological clocks do not keep

48、 pace with clock time. D. We do not have a flexible timetable.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).Which of following can be inferred about the authors main purpose in writing this essay? A. To ask people not to be slaves of time. B. To ask people to manage time efficiently. C. To show the importance of time. D. To show the relationship between time and money.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).The word Uaccelerate/U in Para