托福-9及答案解析.doc

1、托福-9 及答案解析(总分：100.04，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、passage-1(总题数：1，分数：12.00)The Civil WarInvolvement in a war is painful to any nation. No nation wants to send its young people to fight and die. It is even worse when the war is fought within the country, but worst of all is when a country fin

2、ds itself divided, and people of the same nation fight each other. In America“s history, the most painful period is surely the Civil War. The Civil War was fought for many complex reasons. Probably the most important was the issue of slavery. 1) The Southern states, dependent on slaves for producing

3、 cotton, wanted to continue the practice of slavery, while the industrialized Northern states wanted to abolish it. The issue of States“ Rights, the right of individual states to make laws without interference from the national government, was also very divisive. There were even basic cultural diffe

4、rences that caused friction between Northerners and Southerners. All of these factors led to a war between the North and South, which turned out to be the bloodiest in the nation“s history. Both sides suffered terribly in the war. Families were torn apart as fathers, sons, and brothers chose differe

5、nt sides. Hundreds of thousands of young men died on both sides. The city of Atlanta was burned to the ground. Fortunes were ruined and the economy of the Southern states was wrecked. People on both sides suffered, and that suffering was worse because it was inflicted by their countrymen and brother

6、s. Shortly after the war, a bitter Southerner assassinated the beloved president Abraham Lincoln. After four bloody, terrible years, the North won the war and the country was reunited. The slaves were freed and the nation set about rebuilding. 2) Historians will always argue whether or not the Civil

7、 War could have been avoided, and what its long term benefits have been. There can be no argument, however, that the Civil War was the most painful period in America“s history. The American Civil War began with the surrender of the Northern army of the garrison at Fort Sumter. 3) This military post

8、was located in the city of Charleston, the hotbed of Southern sedition, and thus capturing it was a huge morale boost for the Southern states. The Southern cavalry boasted of a short two-months win over the Northern states. Yet reality would be different. 4) After several more buoyant victories, the

9、 Southern army became so cocky it started making mistakes. Rather than focusing on solidifying their wins, soldiers dispersed in a futile attempt to capture many Northern prisoners. The army disintegrated, and it was not long before the industrialized North regained its strength and delivered the fa

10、tal blow to the South at the battle of Gettysburg. Instead of the predicted two months, the South lost the war after 4 bloody years of combat. GlossaryCivil War: the war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865 slavery: the practice of owning slaves interference:

11、the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding Southerner: a native or inhabitant of the south, especially the southern United States（分数：12.00）(1).Which of the sentences below best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence 1 in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meani

12、ng or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.The North and South split because the North wanted to annul the principle on which the Southern economy was built.B.The North and South couldn“t agree on the moral issue of slavery.C.The North and South split because the South interfered with the Nort

13、h“s right to abolish its own laws.D.The North and the South were in open disagreement about the economic and cultural benefits of a slave-based society.(2).Which of the sentences below best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence 2 in the passage? Incorrect choices change t

14、he meaning or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.Historians cannot agree on the causes of the Civil War.B.Historians cannot agree on the worst effects caused by the Civil War.C.Historians cannot agree on which was the best way that could have avoided the Civil War.D.Historians cannot agree o

15、n the potential inevitability of the Civil War.(3).Which of the sentences below best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence 3 in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.The Southerners felt defeated when they gave up

16、Fort Sumter.B.The Southerners would not lose faith in their victory although they lost Fort Sumter.C.The Southerners felt motivated by the win at Fort Sumter.D.The Southerners knew that the win at Fort Sumter predicted a series of victories over the North.(4).Which of the sentences below best paraph

17、rases the essential information in the highlighted sentence 4 in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.The South lost because of its own incompetence.B.The South lost because of its own arrogance.C.The South lost because of lack of supplies.D

18、.The South lost because of their smaller army.三、passage-2(总题数：1，分数：12.00)The Statue of LibertyThe Statue of Liberty is a 225-ton steel reinforced copper female figure, 151-foot tall, which faces the ocean from Liberty Island in New York Harbor. The right hand holds a torch aloft, while the left hand

19、 carries a tablet. The Statue of Liberty is perhaps the most recognizable symbol of the United States and attracts millions of visitors annually. It is often erroneously assumed that the United States built and erected the monument. In fact, it was designed by a Frenchman, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi

20、 of Alsace. 1) The statue was presented to the United States by France in memory of the alliance between the two countries at the time of the American Revolution as well as a token of their continued friendship. The French people contributed the $250,000 towards the cost of the statue and presented

21、it as a gift to the United States. While an American did not create Lady Liberty, the 154-foot pedestal supporting it was designed by Richard M. Hunt and built by Charles P. Stone, both of whom were Americans. 2) The pedestal contains steel underpinnings, which were designed by Alexander Eiffel of F

22、rance, who was also the creator of Paris“ famed Eiffel Tower. The pedestal cost $270,000, which was borne by contributions of various American associations, groups and individuals. The Statue and pedestal were accepted on behalf of the United States by President Grover Cleveland on October 28, 1886.

23、 In 1972, President Richard M. Nixon dedicated the American Museum of Immigration, which is housed at the base of the statue. A major restoration of the statue was undertaken in 1984, and the torch was extinguished on July 4. It was rent with great ceremony two years later to mark the centennial of

24、the statue. 3) Recently, there has been controversy surrounding the statue as the state of New Jersey has argued that the statue actually falls within its boundaries rather than those of neighboring New York State. The Statue of Liberty has become a symbol for immigrants to the United States. Corres

25、pondence dating from the late 19th century mentions Lady Liberty as the gateway to American freedom. This is due to the fact that the statue was easily spotted by the immigrants who crowded the ships that took them to a new land. 4) Many of them confess that it was the picture of the statue featured

26、 on leaflets that had inspired them to move to America in the first place. Upon arrival, immigrants would be directed towards Ellis Island, where the Statue of Liberty stood in all its majesty. Ellis Island was the first checkpoint for moving into America. This is where customs was made and newly ar

27、rived immigrants checked for any health issues. Today, the Ellis Island customs point at the bottom of the Statue of Liberty is a popular tourist attraction. Glossarytablet: a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription American Revolution: the war between the American colonies and Gre

28、at Britain (1775 1783), leading to the formation of the independent United States underpinnings: a support or foundation extinguish: put out, as of fires, flames, or lights（分数：12.00）(1).Which of the sentences below best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence 1 in the passa

29、ge? Incorrect choices change the meaning or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.France offered the Statue of Liberty to the U.S. as an apology for France“s misconduct during the American Revolution.B.France offered the Statue of Liberty to the U.S. in honor of U.S. President Grover Cleveland.

30、C.France offered the Statue of Liberty to the U.S. as a friendly gesture to honor a political liaison.D.France offered the Statue of Liberty to the U.S. in anticipation of the Great Exhibition that also featured the Tour D“Eiffel.(2).Which of the sentences below best paraphrases the essential inform

31、ation in the highlighted sentence 2 in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.The steel underpinnings have the same shape as the Eiffel Tower as it was conceived by the same designer.B.The steel underpinnings were designed by a pair of America

32、ns because the United States was responsible for financing the project.C.The steel underpinnings were designed by a Frenchman who had done a similar great job with the Eiffel Tower.D.The steel underpinnings were designed by a Frenchman, whereas its construction fell on the shoulders of two Americans

33、.(3).Which of the sentences below best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence 3 in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.The statue was supposed to belong to New Jersey but it was yielded later to New York.B.New Jer

34、sey still insists on ownership of the statue based on its geographical location.C.Nowadays state boundaries have changed so that New Jersey is entitled to ownership of the statue rather than New York.D.The statue is located at the border between New York and New Jersey so the two states should have

35、joint ownership.(4).Which of the sentences below best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence 4 in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.The Statue of Liberty was the main thing that people used to see when they move

36、d to the U.S.B.The Statue of Liberty was the first thing immigrants wanted to see upon arrival to the U.S.C.The Statue of Liberty was the first thing immigrants visited when they came to the U.S.D.The Statue of Liberty was the main thing that motivated people to immigrate to the U.S.四、passage-3(总题数：

37、1，分数：12.00)TornadoesTornadoes, or twisters, are nature“s most violent storms. 1) The United Kingdom experiences an average of 32 tornadoes each year, which is the highest frequency of reported tornadoes per unit area in the world. But the deadliest and most violent tornadoes occur in the United Stat

38、es. Here they are most common in Oklahoma and Texas, an area otherwise known as Tornado Alley due to the frequency and severity of these phenomena. Tornado Alley stretches from central Nebraska southward to Central Texas. Each tornado is unique, and as such none is of the same size as the other, but

39、 on average each is between 130-170 meters wide and can travel up to 90 kilometers per hour. Tornadoes can last several minutes at a time and leave behind a path of destruction a couple of kilometers long. Some tornadoes can last up to three hours causing damage as far as 300 kilometers away, with w

40、inds of more than 400 kilometers an hour. Thankfully, though, these types of tornados are very rare. The word tornado comes from the Spanish “tronada“ meaning thunderstorm and “tornar“ meaning to turn. Virtually all tornadoes develop out of thunderstorms. 2) They form where warm, moist air and cold,

41、 dry air meet and create upward currents of air that develop into massive rotating cumulonimbus clouds. The center of the tornado“s vortex is a low-pressure area. When air rushes into the vortex, its pressure lowers and cools the air, condensing water vapor in the air into the funnel-shaped cloud. D

42、epending on the type of debris it accumulates along the way, the color of the funnel varies between white, red, black and other shades. A funnel cloud refers to any rotating column of air growing from the base of a cloud. It will become a tornado if its circulation reaches the ground, so most of the

43、 visible funnel clouds are tornadoes. Tornadoes usually occur in the afternoon and early evening and they wreak destruction when they touch the ground. Most tornado deaths are related to building collapse, collisions by flying objects or failure to escape the tornado in a car. The average annual mor

44、tality rate in the U.S. due to tornadoes is about 42, but 1998 will be remembered as one of the worst years for tornado damage across the USA since around 100 people lost their lives in tornado incidents across many states. In May 1999, the Oklahoma City tornado was the deadliest in over 20 years, w

45、ith more than 30 direct fatalities. But the number of tornado deaths per year has generally been much less in the last quarter of the 20th century than it was in previous ones. 3) Improved observation systems, communications and networks have all likely provided a significant decline in the life-thr

46、eatening consequences of tornadoes. 4) Still the most accurate observation method for tornadoes is direct tracking. Thus, geologists are likely to be on standby should a tornado prove imminent. They would send a couple of scientists out into the open field for live tornado surveillance and direct th

47、eir actions by microphone from a nearby computerized control area. The tornado surveyor stays locked in their car and records the tornado“s speed and movement as it happens onto a special log. Measurement is then later processed in the lab to form accurate prediction patterns for future tornados in

48、the area. Glossarythunderstorm: a transient, sometimes violent storm of thunder and lightning, often accompanied by rain and sometimes hail cumulonimbus: a dark cloud of great vertical extent charged with electricity: associated with thunderstorms funnel: a conical shape with a wider and a narrower

49、opening at the two ends mortality rate: the ratio of deaths in an area referred to the population of that area（分数：12.00）(1).Which of the sentences below best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence 1 in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning or leave out essential information.（分数：3.00）A.The United Kingdom reports the largest number of deadliest tornadoes per year.B.The United Kingdom reports the largest percentage of tornados per year.C.The United Kingdom reports the highest altitude of tornados per year.D.The United Kingdom reports the highest tornado rat