托福-练习四十二及答案解析.doc

1、托福-练习四十二及答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPassage 1/B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)1.When we experience acute stress, a hormonal response triggers our body either to stand and fight or to flee as quickly as possible. It is an ancient survival mechanism, common to all humans, which evolved when our prehistoric ancestor

2、s were chased by saber-toothed tigers. This mechanism is known as the acute stress response, or the “fight or flight“ response. During the fight/flight response, our bodies get a boost of adrenaline, a hormone that stimulates the heart rate. This, in turn, provides the strength to fight or the speed

3、 to flee.The fight response is expressed as aggressive behavior. For example, when threatened by a potential attack from an enemy, a human will respond with a show of force: a display of weapons or actual fighting. The fight response can take various forms. Instead of physical fighting, it may take

4、the form of angry, argumentative behavior. A heated verbal argument increases the flow of adrenaline, which can cause an argument to become a physical attack.The flight response causes humans to withdraw from situations where stress occurs. When our prehistoric ancestors encountered a predator, they

5、 had to avoid being killed. If they could not fight the predator, they had to flee. The flight response provided a burst of speed that enabled a fast escape. Today, the flight response may take the form of withdrawal from social activities, abuse of alcohol or drugs, or other forms of escape. In the

6、 workplace, a stressed person might go into his office to work alone, avoiding co-workers. Outside work, he might escape by watching television, surfing the Internet, or playing electronic games.Now listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading

7、 passage during the writing time.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they differ from specific points made in the reading passage. （分数：5.00）_2.Read the question below and make any notes that will help you plan your response. Then begin typing your essay. Some students

8、 like to work in a group with other students when doing assignments and projects. Other students prefer to work independently. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_二、BPassage 2/B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)3.Contemporary method acting is a style of acting that

9、emphasizes an individualized, psychological approach. “The Method“ requires an actor to bring realism and depth to a part with his own emotions and experiences. Actors use techniques such as sense and memory to achieve realism. They delve into their own past to discover feelings that are similar to

10、those of the character. Method acting is the opposite of the “wooden“ acting of earlier periods. Characters are shown to have a complex interior life, rather than being stereotyped figures, such as hero or villain, which represent a single concept.“The Method“ develops an actors ability to use the s

11、ubtext of a script to convey the complexity of inner feelings. Training involves long rehearsal periods where actors “go into character“ and analyze all the specifics of a scene. They must explore the subtext, the deeper, unwritten meaning in the script, the source of conflict and contradiction. The

12、 subtext is where actors discover how to structure motion around conflicting emotions so the character can be shown as a complex human being with multiple and contradictory desires.Method acting is one of the most difficult styles to learn because there are no technical forms that can be practiced.

13、Spoken language is secondary to emotions, so no training in voice or movement is necessary. Emotions shape how a character speaks and moves. Method acting requires a strong commitment from actors, who are encouraged to “live the part,“ to become the character and allow the character to develop natur

14、ally. Some actors become so immersed in a role that they remain in character even when they are not acting.Now listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading passage during the writing time.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to

15、 explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage. （分数：5.00）_4.Read the question below and make any notes that will help you plan your response. Then begin typing your essay.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Television has had a mostly positive effect on societ

16、y.Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.（分数：5.00）_托福-练习四十二答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPassage 1/B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)1.When we experience acute stress, a hormonal response triggers our body either to stand and fight or to flee as quickly as possible. It is an ancient survival mechani

17、sm, common to all humans, which evolved when our prehistoric ancestors were chased by saber-toothed tigers. This mechanism is known as the acute stress response, or the “fight or flight“ response. During the fight/flight response, our bodies get a boost of adrenaline, a hormone that stimulates the h

18、eart rate. This, in turn, provides the strength to fight or the speed to flee.The fight response is expressed as aggressive behavior. For example, when threatened by a potential attack from an enemy, a human will respond with a show of force: a display of weapons or actual fighting. The fight respon

19、se can take various forms. Instead of physical fighting, it may take the form of angry, argumentative behavior. A heated verbal argument increases the flow of adrenaline, which can cause an argument to become a physical attack.The flight response causes humans to withdraw from situations where stres

20、s occurs. When our prehistoric ancestors encountered a predator, they had to avoid being killed. If they could not fight the predator, they had to flee. The flight response provided a burst of speed that enabled a fast escape. Today, the flight response may take the form of withdrawal from social ac

21、tivities, abuse of alcohol or drugs, or other forms of escape. In the workplace, a stressed person might go into his office to work alone, avoiding co-workers. Outside work, he might escape by watching television, surfing the Internet, or playing electronic games.Now listen to the recording. When yo

22、u hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading passage during the writing time.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they differ from specific points made in the reading passage. （分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Key points: The lecture states that men and women de

23、al with stressful situations differently. While men have a “fight or flight“ reaction, women have a “tend and befriend“ reaction. This differs from the point in the reading that the fight-flight response is common to all humans. The lecture states that women under stress will attack a problem rather

24、 than another person; women will avoid fighting with another person. This differs from the point in the reading that the fight response is expressed as aggressive behavior. The lecture states that women under stress seek help and support from friends. This differs from the point in the reading that

25、the flight response results in withdrawal From social activities.)解析：解析 For three-ouarters of a century, theres been a lot of research on the “fight or flight“ response. However, one problem with the research is that 90 percent of it has been done on men. More recent studies suggest that men and wom

26、en deal with stressful situations differently. While men are likely to have a “fight or flight“ reaction, women react in a way thats more accurately described as “tend and befriend.“ This “tend and befriend“ response was discovered when two women scientists were talking in the lab one day. One of th

27、em made a joke that when the women who worked there were under stress, they came in, cleaned the lab, made coffee, and sat down and talked with their female colleagues. But when the men were stressed, they would argue with someone, or theyd go off somewhere on their own. The point is, while the men

28、would verbally attack another person, the women would attack a problem-they would tend to the mess in the lab. The women didnt fight with another person. They sat down and talked with other women. Recent studies show that when women are stressed, theres a release of hormones that actually weaken the

29、 fight or flight response. So, rather than fighting, women are likely to try and defuse the situation, to avoid a fight, to make the threat less threatening. And rather than fleeing, they turn to other people for help. They call a girlfriend, go out to lunch together, go shopping or go jogging toget

30、her. Instead of escaping in solitary activities, women look for advice and support from friends. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they differ from specific points made in the reading passage.2.Read the question below and make any notes that will help you plan your

31、response. Then begin typing your essay. Some students like to work in a group with other students when doing assignments and projects. Other students prefer to work independently. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Responses will vary.)解析：二、

32、BPassage 2/B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)3.Contemporary method acting is a style of acting that emphasizes an individualized, psychological approach. “The Method“ requires an actor to bring realism and depth to a part with his own emotions and experiences. Actors use techniques such as sense and memory to achiev

33、e realism. They delve into their own past to discover feelings that are similar to those of the character. Method acting is the opposite of the “wooden“ acting of earlier periods. Characters are shown to have a complex interior life, rather than being stereotyped figures, such as hero or villain, wh

34、ich represent a single concept.“The Method“ develops an actors ability to use the subtext of a script to convey the complexity of inner feelings. Training involves long rehearsal periods where actors “go into character“ and analyze all the specifics of a scene. They must explore the subtext, the dee

35、per, unwritten meaning in the script, the source of conflict and contradiction. The subtext is where actors discover how to structure motion around conflicting emotions so the character can be shown as a complex human being with multiple and contradictory desires.Method acting is one of the most dif

36、ficult styles to learn because there are no technical forms that can be practiced. Spoken language is secondary to emotions, so no training in voice or movement is necessary. Emotions shape how a character speaks and moves. Method acting requires a strong commitment from actors, who are encouraged t

37、o “live the part,“ to become the character and allow the character to develop naturally. Some actors become so immersed in a role that they remain in character even when they are not acting.Now listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading pass

38、age during the writing time.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage. （分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Key points: The lecture states that it is not the actors job to look for deeper meaning in the subtext. This opposes the point in t

39、he reading that actors must explore and use the subtext to convey the complexity of inner feelings. The lecture states that it is unrealistic for actors to depend on their own emotions and experiences. This opposes the point in the reading that an actor must bring realism and depth to a part with hi

40、s own emotions and experiences. The lecture states that good acting requires skill training. This opposes the point in the reading that method acting has no technical forms that can be practiced. The lecture states that good acting does not require an actor to live the part. This opposes the point i

41、n the reading that an actor should become the character and be immersed in the role.)解析：解析 There are several problems with method acting. First, when a playwright creates a plot and characters, he or she determines what the action of the story should be. Its not the actors job to look for deeper mea

42、ning in the so-called “subtext.“ The actors responsibility is to recite the dialogue as the writer intended. Its not necessary for actors to search for conflicting emotions. What is necessary is for actors to convey the message that the writer intended. Second, in method acting, the actors depend on

43、 their own emotions and experiences to play a character. Well, this is unrealistic because, well, what if youve never done or felt the things your character did? What if your character is, say, a violent criminal, or a murderer? Are you supposed to think about killing someone? That could be very dis

44、turbing for an actor, and its hardly necessary for successful acting. Third, good acting requires skill training. Classically trained actors dont have to conjure up past emotions. They simply communicate these emotions through external means. They use their face, their body, and their voice to conve

45、y a characters emotions. Good acting doesnt require an actor to “live the part.“ All it takes is training in a wide range of skills, including speech clarity, voice projection, dialects, movement, dance, body language, and so on. Its ridiculous for an actor to try and “become“ the character. For exa

46、mple, there was a well-known actor who once went without sleeping or bathing for two days in order to immerse himself in a role. That is just going too far! Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage.4.Read the question

47、 below and make any notes that will help you plan your response. Then begin typing your essay.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Television has had a mostly positive effect on society.Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Responses will vary.)解析：