雅思（阅读）-试卷98及答案解析.doc

1、雅思（阅读）-试卷 98 及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Module(总题数：10，分数：80.00)1.Reading Module (60 minutes)_You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Communicating in Colour （分数：8.00）(1).What kind of climate do most chameleons live in?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_

2、(2).Which animal caught a chameleon from an undiscovered species?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).What was the new species named after?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Which part of the body is unique to the species Kinyongia magomberae?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading P

3、assage 1 ? In boxes 5-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this（分数：18.00）(1).Few creatures can change colour as effectively as cuttlefish.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVEN(2).

4、Chameleons can imitate a pattern provided there are only two colours.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVEN(3).Chameleons appear to enjoy trying out new colours.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVEN(4).Size matters more than colour when male chameleons compete.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVEN(5).After a fight, the defeated male

5、 hides among branches of a tree.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVEN(6).Females use colour and movement to discourage males.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVEN(7).The popular explanation of why chameleons change colour has been proved wrong.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVEN(8).There are more predators of chameleons in grassl

6、and habitats than in others.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVEN(9).Measuring animals visual systems necessitates removing them from their habitat.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假C.NOT GIVENYou should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. The Pursuit of HappinessAIn the late 19

7、90s, psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania urged colleagues to observe optimal moods with the same kind of focus with which they had for so long studied illnesses: we would never learn about the full range of human functions unless we knew as much about mental wellness as we

8、 do about mental illness. A new generation of psychologists built up a respectable body of research on positive character traits and happiness-boosting practices. At the same time, developments in neuroscience provided new clues to what makes us happy and what that looks like in the brain. Self-appo

9、inted experts took advantage of the trend with guarantees to eliminate worry, stress, dejection and even boredom. This happiness movement has provoked a great deal of opposition among psychologists who observe that the preoccupation with happiness has come at the cost of sadness, an important feelin

10、g that people have tried to banish from their emotional repertoire. Allan Horwitz of Rutgers laments that young people who are naturally weepy after breakups are often urged to medicate themselves instead of working through their sadness. Wake Forest Universitys Eric Wilson fumes that the obsession

11、with happiness amounts to a “craven disregard“ for the melancholic perspective that has given rise to the greatest works of art. “The happy man,“ he writes, “is a hollow man.“BAfter all, people are remarkably adaptable. Following a variable period of adjustment, we bounce back to our previous level

12、of happiness, no matter what happens to us.(There are some scientifically proven exceptions, notably suffering the unexpected loss of a job or the loss of a spouse. Both events tend to permanently knock people back a step.)Our adaptability works in two directions. Because we are so adaptable, points

13、 out Professor Sonja Lyubomirsky of the University of California, we quickly get used to many of the accomplishments we strive for in life, such as landing the big job or getting married. Soon after we reach a milestone, we start to feel that something is missing. We begin coveting another worldly p

14、ossession or eyeing a social advancement. But such an approach keeps us tethered to a treadmill where happiness is always just out of reach, one toy or one step away. Its possible to get off the treadmill entirely by focusing on activities that are dynamic, surprising, and attention-absorbing, and t

15、hus less likely to bore us than, say, acquiring shiny new toys.CMoreover, happiness is not a reward for escaping pain. Russ Harris, the author of The Happiness Trap, calls popular conceptions of happiness dangerous because they set people up for a “struggle against reality“. They dont acknowledge th

16、at real life is full of disappointments, loss, and inconveniences. “If youre going to live a rich and meaningful life,“ Harris says, “youre going to feel a full range of emotions.“ Action toward goals other than happiness makes people happy. It is not crossing the finish line that is most rewarding,

17、 it is anticipating achieving the goal. University of Wisconsin neuroscientist Richard Davidson has found that working hard toward a goal, and making progress to the point of expecting a goal to be realised, not only activates positive feelings but also suppresses negative emotions such as fear and

18、depression.DWe are constantly making decisions, ranging from what clothes to put on, to whom we should marry, not to mention all those flavors of ice cream. We base many of our decisions on whether we think a particular preference will increase our well-being. Intuitively, we seem convinced that the

19、 more choices we have, the better off we will ultimately be. But our world of unlimited opportunity imprisons us more than it makes us happy. In what Swarthmore psychologist Barry Schwartz calls “the paradox of choice,“ facing many possibilities leaves us stressed out - and less satisfied with whate

20、ver we do decide. Having too many choices keeps us wondering about all the opportunities missed.EBesides, not everyone can put on a happy face. Barbara Held, a professor of psychology at Bowdoin College, rails against “the tyranny of the positive attitude“. “Looking on the bright side isnt possible

21、for some people and is even counterproductive,“ she insists. “When you put pressure on people to cope in a way that doesnt fit them, it not only doesnt work, it makes them feel like a failure on top of already feeling bad.“ The one-size-fits-all approach to managing emotional life is misguided, agre

22、es Professor Julie Norem, author of The Positive Power of Negative Thinking. In her research, she has shown that the defensive pessimism that anxious people feel can be harnessed to help them get things done, which in turn makes them happier. A naturally pessimistic architect, for example, can set l

23、ow expectations for an upcoming presentation and review all of the bad outcomes that shes imagining, so that she can prepare carefully and increase her chances of success.FBy contrast, an individual who is not living according to their values, will not be happy, no matter how much they achieve. Some

24、 people, however, are not sure what their values are. In that case Harris has a great question: “Imagine I could wave a magic wand to ensure that you would have the approval and admiration of everyone on the planet, forever. What, in that case, would you choose to do with your life?“ Once this has b

25、een answered honestly, you can start taking steps toward your ideal vision of yourself. The actual answer is unimportant, as long as youre living consciously. The state of happiness is not really a state at all. Its an ongoing personal experiment.Which paragraph mentions the following?Write the corr

26、ect letter, A-F, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.（分数：12.00）(1).the need for individuals to understand what really matters to them（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).tension resulting from a wide variety of alternatives（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).the hope of success as a means o

27、f overcoming unhappy feelings（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).people who call themselves specialists（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).human beings capacity for coping with change（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).doing things which are interesting in themselves（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 20 and

28、 21 on your answer sheetWhich TWO of the following people argue against aiming for constant happiness?A Martin SeligmanB Eric WilsonC Sonja LyubomirskyD Russ HarrisE Barry Schwartz（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 22 and 23 on your answer sheet.Which T

29、WO of the following beliefs are identified as mistaken in the text?A Inherited wealth brings less happiness than earned wealth.B Social status affects our perception of how happy we are.C An optimistic outlook ensures success.D Unhappiness can and should be avoided.E Extremes of emotion are normal i

30、n the young.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet（分数：6.00）(1).In order to have a complete understanding of how peoples minds work, Martin Seligman suggested that resear

31、ch should examine our most positive 1as closely as it does our psychological problems.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Soon after arriving at a 1in their lives, people become accustomed to what they have achieved and have a sense that they are lacking something.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).People who are 1by nature are m

32、ore likely to succeed if they make thorough preparation for a presentation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. （分数：8.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the writer finds it surprising that（分数：2.00）A.we send robots to Mars rathe

33、r than to the sea bed.B.we choose to explore the least accessible side of the moon.C.people reached the moon before they explored the deepest parts of the earths oceans.D.spaceships are sent beyond our solar system instead of exploring it.(2).The writer argues that saying 71 % of the earths surface

34、is ocean is not accurate because it（分数：2.00）A.ignores the depth of the worlds oceans.B.is based on an estimated volume.C.overlooks the significance of landscape features.D.refers to the proportion of water in which life is possible.(3).How did the diving bell help divers?（分数：2.00）A.It allowed each d

35、iver to carry a supply of air underwater.B.It enabled piped air to reach deep below the surface.C.It offered access to a reservoir of air below the surface.D.It meant that they could dive as deep as 500 feet.(4).What point does the writer make about scientific discoveries between 1930 and 1970?（分数：2

36、.00）A.They were rarely the primary purpose of deep sea exploration.B.The people who conducted experiments were not professional scientists.C.Many people refused to believe the discoveries that were made.D.They involved the use of technologies from other disciplines.Do the following statements agree

37、with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this（分数：12.00）(1).The Midocean

38、 Ridge is largely the same as when the continents emerged.（分数：2.00）A.YESB.NOC.NOT GIVEN(2).We can make an approximate calculation of the percentage of the ocean which sunlight penetrates.（分数：2.00）A.YESB.NOC.NOT GIVEN(3).Many unexpected scientific phenomena came to light when exploration of the Midoc

39、ean Ridge began.（分数：2.00）A.YESB.NOC.NOT GIVEN(4).The number of people exploring the abyss has risen sharply in the 21 st century.（分数：2.00）A.YESB.NOC.NOT GIVEN(5).One danger of the darkness is that deep sea vehicles become entangled in vegetation.（分数：2.00）A.YESB.NOC.NOT GIVEN(6).The construction of s

40、ubmersibles offers little protection from the cold at great depths.（分数：2.00）A.YESB.NOC.NOT GIVENComplete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Deep diving craftA diving craft has to be 1enough to cope with the enormous pressure of the abyss, which is capable of crushing almost anything. Un

41、like creatures that live there, which are not 2because they contain compressed water, a submersible is filled with 3If it has a weak spot in its construction, there will be a 4explosion of water into the craft.A ocean B air C deepD hollow E sturdy F atmosphereG energetic H violent I heavy（分数：8.00）填空

42、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_雅思（阅读）-试卷 98 答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Module(总题数：10，分数：80.00)1.Reading Module (60 minutes)_解析：You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Communicating in Colour （分数：8.00）(1).What kind of climate do most chamele

43、ons live in?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：tropical）解析：(2).Which animal caught a chameleon from an undiscovered species?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：(a)(twig)snake）解析：(3).What was the new species named after?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：(a / the)forest(of Magombera)/ Magombera(forest)）解析：(4).Which part o

44、f the body is unique to the species Kinyongia magomberae?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：(the)nose）解析：Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 ? In boxes 5-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contr

45、adicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this（分数：18.00）(1).Few creatures can change colour as effectively as cuttlefish.（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假C.NOT GIVEN解析：解析：Paragraph two suggests only two other creatures can do this: The most remarkable feature of chameleons . rivalled only by cutt

46、lefish and octopi in the animal kingdom.(2).Chameleons can imitate a pattern provided there are only two colours.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 C.NOT GIVEN解析：解析：Paragraph three says They show an extraordinary range of colours, from nearly black to bright blues, oranges, pinks and greens, even several at once.(3).C

47、hameleons appear to enjoy trying out new colours.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 C.NOT GIVEN解析：解析：Paragraph three says each species has a characteristic set of cells . which determines the range of colours and patterns they can show . placing a chameleon on a Smartie box generally results in a stressed, confused, dark grey or mottled chameleon.(4).Size matters more than colour when male chameleons compete.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 C.NOT GIVEN解析：解析：Paragraph four says both are important: When two male dwarf chameleons encounter each other. They puff out their throats and present themselves