职称英语(卫生类)16及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语(卫生类)16 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.William Faulkner was generally (acknowledged) as the major American writer of his time.（分数：-1.00）A.praisedB.prizedC.signedD.regarded2.He often (finds fault with) my work.（分数：-1.00）A.criticizesB.praisesC.evaluatesD.talks about3.Capital punishment was (abolish

2、ed) some years ago in some states of the U. S.（分数：-1.00）A.createdB.decoratedC.improvedD.eliminated4.At the sports meet, athletes (compete) with each other for the gold medals.（分数：-1.00）A.rivalB.attemptC.contendD.trick5.Dont be so (innocent) as to believe everything the politicians say.（分数：-1.00）A.ig

3、norantB.illiterateC.simpleD.stupid6.He (endured) all kinds of hardships in his solo sailing around the world.（分数：-1.00）A.sufferedB.experiencedC.lastedD.overcame7.He could never be (content) until he could afford to buy that beautiful car.（分数：-1.00）A.fullB.richC.wiseD.happy8.His plan should succeed f

4、or it seems quite (feasible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.possibleC.daringD.decisive9.The chairman (proposed) that we should stop the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced10.It is taken for granted that a piano without any (defects) would produce very grand music.（分数：-1.00）A.dislikesB.

5、incidentsC.faultsD.merits11.I wonder who first (conceived) the idea of cutting a hole in the door.（分数：-1.00）A.thought ofB.came onC.gave upD.handed out12.The U.S was in 1850 a (divided) nation half slave and half free.（分数：-1.00）A.alliedB.combinedC.unitedD.separate13.A central objective of the develop

6、ed country was to (alleviate) the problems of the urban poor.（分数：-1.00）A.lessenB.identifyC.overcomeD.regulate14.The college offers courses in a variety of (trades).（分数：-1.00）A.businessB.firmC.workD.occupation15.It took me a whole hour to (solve) the problem.（分数：-1.00）A.work atB.work onC.work outD.wo

7、rk overMost Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 perce

8、nt. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. T

9、he findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between

10、10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggest

11、s that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment

12、 measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. （分数：-0.98）(1).The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of hear

13、t disease.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than l00 thousand people participated in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart di

14、sease are closely related to race.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The US government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not ment

15、ionedMedicine 1. Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skillfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patients. 2. The

16、goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering, and to maintain the dignity of ill individuals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions. Thousands of men and women who work in the medical profession spend their lives caring for the sick. When disaster

17、 strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When epidemics threaten, doctors and nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession continually search for better ways of fighting disease. 3. Human beings have suffered from illnesses since they first

18、 appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body works or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork. 4. However, medicine has made tremendous progress in the last several hundred years. Today, it is possible to cure,

19、 control, or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a result of new drugs, machines, and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectious diseases, improvements in health care programs for mothers and children, and better nutrition, sanitation

20、 and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy. 5. As medicine has become more scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost single-handedly. Patients received treatment at home for most kinds of illnesses. Today , doctors no long

21、er work by themselves. Instead. They head medical teams made up of nurses, laboratory workers, and many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home. As a result, clinics and hospitals have become the chief centers for medical care in most countrie

22、s. A. In ancient tribes, treatment was executed by witch doctors and based largely on superstition. B. Today, extensive knowledge and sophisticated medical techniques make possible the cure, control, and prevention of hundreds of disease C. The goals of medicine involve life rescuing, pain reducing,

23、 and dignity maintaining D. Control of infectious diseases is given as a reason for a longer a life E. School infirmaries appear as a result of increasing complicated medical work F. Medical care is now provided for patients in hospitals by a medical team consisting of doctors, nurses, and laborator

24、y workers （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).Doctors are skillful in dealing with patients just as_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Doctors apply the knowledge gained through_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(

25、7).Medical progress, improved health care, and better living conditions have ensured_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).With the development of the medicine, clinics and hospitals have become _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.Old Mothers Children Have Higher Diabetes (糖尿病) Risk Children of older mothers run a higher risk o

26、f developing insulin-dependent (胰岛素依赖型的) diabetes, the British Medical Journal said. “A strong association was found between increasing maternal (母亲的) age at delivery and risk of (insulin-dependent) diabetes in the child. Risk was highest in firstborn children and decreased progressively with higher

27、 birth order,“ Professor Edwin Gale and colleagues at Southmead Hospital in Bristol said. Diabetes is a serious, incurable, lifelong disease characterized (以作为特性) by all inability to control the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin-dependent diabetes, which mainly affects children, is treated by ad

28、ministering the hormone insulin. Gale looked into 1,375 families in the Oxford area where one or more children had diabetes and found that the risk of a child developing insulin-dependent diabetes increased by 25 percent for each five-year band of the mothers age. The risk of developing diabetes was

29、 also linked to the age of the father. For every five-year band of the fathers age the risk of the child developing diabetes increased by nine percent. The risk of diabetes was high?est among the firstborn children of mothers who started their families late and the risk decreased by about 15 percent

30、 for each subsequent child, the BMJ said. The older the mother, the earlier the start of insulin-dependent diabetes in the child. Other studies have already shown that children born to older mothers, over the age of 35, have an increased risk of diabetes but this study is the first to establish that

31、 risk increases continuously in relation to increasing maternal age, Dr. Polly Bingley of Southmead Hospital told Reuters (路透社). The new study is the first to show that risk is related to birth order. The study also partly explains increasing diabetes. Between 1970 and 1996 the proportion of childre

32、n born to mothers aged between 30 and 34 increased to 28 percent from 15 percent and this could account for rising numbers of childhood diabetes patients, the scientists said in the alarming increase in the rate of (insulin-dependent) diabetes among children in recent years. “This study may well pro

33、vide a clue to the understanding of this problem. It is most likely that there are a number of factors to explain the increase,“ Diabetes UK said. There are some 1.4 million diagnosed diabetes sufferers in Britain, the charity Diabetes UK said. Of these 1.4 million sufferers there are 20,000 people

34、under age 20 who suffer from insulin-dependent diabetes. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, the risk of a child developing insulin-dependent diabetes is linked to all the following factors EXCEPT_.（分数：-0.20）A.the amount of sugar he or she consumesB.the age of the fatherC.birth orderD.the matern

35、al age at delivery(2).What kind of child may be at the highest risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes?（分数：-0.20）A.The first-born children whose mothers started their families late.B.The children whose mothers are five years younger than their fathers.C.The third-born children whose fathers go

36、t married late.D.The children whose fathers are five years younger than their mothers.(3).What is the correlation between the mothers age and the time when the child develops insulin-dependent diabetes?（分数：-0.20）A.The younger the mother, the earlier the start of diabetes in the child.B.The older the

37、 mother, the later the start of diabetes in the child.C.The older the mother, the earlier the start of diabetes in the child.D.The mothers age has little to do with the time when the child develops insulin-dependent diabetes.(4).According to the passage, the alarming increase in the rate of diabetes

38、 among children in the UK may partly be explained by the rise in_.（分数：-0.20）A.the incidence of diabetes in the whole countryB.the proportion of children born to mothers aged above 30C.the supply of diabetes medicinesD.the number of newborn babies(5).How many diagnosed diabetes patients are there in

39、Britain?（分数：-0.20）A.About twenty thousand.B.About one million and four thousand.C.About one million and four hundred thousand.D.About one million and four hundred.Vice Vaccines At first glance, vice vaccines look just great. These injections promise to inactivate drugs such as cocaine, heroin and ni

40、cotine in the bloodstream before they reach the brain. Without the “hit“, people just wont come back for more. Its true that these vaccines are still being developed, so their full risks and benefits are not yet clear. But all the signs are that for people who are in danger of overdosing, or for add

41、icts who want to get themselves clean but need some help to overcome their craving, the vaccines will be immensely valuable. But like many new technologies, they also bring difficult choices. Will convicted criminals who steal to feed their drug habit be allowed back onto the street if they agree to

42、 be vaccinated, for example? Could a judge even compel these people to be vaccinated? Perhaps the most controversial debate that vice vaccines have raised is whether they should be given routinely to children, like polio or measles vaccines. This is. not a distant worry. No sooner they have found th

43、emselves submerged with requests from worried parents who want their children vaccinated. Is this really what we want for future generations? For any society that values personal freedom, the answer has to be no. People have the right to choose how to behave, whether its good or bad, legal or not. L

44、et not ignore the fact that millions of people take illegal drugs for pleasure without becoming addicted. Administering vice vaccines will mean that youngsters are no longer free to make such choices for themselves. It would be like a return to Pleasantvile. And, remember, were just talking about il

45、legal drugs here. One vaccine under development acts against nicotine, and if its nicotine today, why not caffeine tomorrow? Societys attitudes to drugs change. Forty years ago, smoking was fine. A century ago, American ship operators were giving stevedores (码头工人) cocaine to speed up their work. Lik

46、e it or not, people have been taking mind-altering chemicals since before recorded history. Each vaccine acts only against a specific drug, and stopping people getting high on one drug will simply push them to take othersas addiction researchers have already found. So drug use wont go away, the drug

47、s will just change. Opposing the widespread use of vice vaccines for youngsters is not to advocate drug use. By all means let vice vaccines spark a revolution in detox (解毒) clinics. But when it comes to helping children deal with drugs, the way to help them is through education, ensuring that they c

48、an follow lifestyles that are incompatible with drug taking, and giving them the tools to spot risks and make informed choices. The problem of drug abuse is bound up with modern society in complex ways. Simple chemical solutions are unlikely to provide the whole answer. （分数：-1.00）(1).The word “hit“

49、in the first paragraph refers to_.（分数：-0.20）A.the injection of drugs into the bloodstreamB.the inactivation of drugs before they reach the brainC.the strong sensation aroused by taking drugsD.the addiction to drugs(2).According to the writer, the vice vaccine_.（分数：-0.20）A.is valuable to all drug usersB.is in great demand from the drug usersC.has brought about more difficulties than valuesD.is still under development(3).This passage implies that_.（分数：-0.20）A.we shouldnt worry about the routine use of the vaccine to chi