职称英语(卫生类)29及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语(卫生类)29 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.A student sticking closely to the (disciplines) of the school is often praised by the master and teachers.（分数：-1.00）A.interestsB.ordersC.regulationsD.principals2.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.（分数：-1.00）A.chargesB.conditi

2、onsC.weatherD.dangers3.He appeared to be (absorbed in) the sports news on TV.（分数：-1.00）A.entertained inB.listened toC.concentrating uponD.worried about4.His pronunciation is (simply) terrible.（分数：-1.00）A.merelyB.onlyC.completelyD.partly5.Mr. Jackson wants to (give out) this news as soon as possible.

3、分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish6.The workers finally (called off) the strike.（分数：-1.00）A.put offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in7.Alex knew that he must (breathe) nothing of this to Nancy.（分数：-1.00）A.believeB.talkC.secretD.tell8.A (bare) hill appears behind the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.bald

4、B.humidC.immenseD.level9.Some insects rely on the tiny hairs scattered over their bodies to (sense) sound waves.（分数：-1.00）A.convertB.disguiseC.sendD.detect10.He has (thought out) the best way of saving oil for your car.（分数：-1.00）A.consideredB.decidedC.devotedD.devised11.We were so greatly (attracted

5、) by the beauty of the West Lake that we decided to visit Hangzhou again the next year.（分数：-1.00）A.fascinatedB.disturbedC.fooledD.surprised12.When snow (collects) on top of a building during the winter, the weight sometimes weakens the construction and occasionally causes the roof to collapse.（分数：-1

6、00）A.selectsB.scattersC.meltsD.accumulates13.They (debated) for hours, but could not agree on an answer.（分数：-1.00）A.consultedB.arguedC.examinedD.forgot14.The earthquake has caused serious (damage) to this city.（分数：-1.00）A.destructionB.hurtC.injuryD.wound15.I (spotted) my father in the crowd.（分数：-1.

7、00）A.recognizedB.recalledC.receivedD.recordedDyslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder2 called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way

8、 . One of the worlds great thinkers and scientists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do . He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and

9、 the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain the part that controls langua

10、ge is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left handed4. No one k

11、nows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved the

12、ir problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative. （分数：-0.98）(1).One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not

13、mentioned(3).The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common i

14、n left-handed males than in right-handed females.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have learned to han

15、dle language properly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedPeople, Customs and Habits 1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count, or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast

16、 Today, there are more than 226 million. 2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging.

17、People holding on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people. 3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arith

18、metic or historic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle. 4. Different countries and different races have different manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes som

19、etimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it. 5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. T

20、hey always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. A. Population B. Over Population C. Memory D. Customs E. Rush F. Census （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.1

21、3）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The United States makes an census every _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).In China a guest leaves a little of his tea to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).In England a guest always drinks his tea up to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).American are always in a hurry, and many visi

22、tors_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.On Antibodies Substances foreign to the body, such as disease-causing bacteria and viruses and other infectious agents, are recognized by the body s immune system as invaders. Our natural defenses against these infectious agents are antibodies, proteins that seek out the anti

23、gens (抗原) and help destroy them. Antibodies have two very useful characteristics. First, they are extremely specific; that is, each antibody binds to and attacks one particular antigen. Second, some antibodies, once activated by the occurrence of a disease, continue to confer resistance against that

24、 disease. Classic example are the antibodies to the childhood diseases of chickenpox(水痘) and measles. The second characteristic of antibodies makes it possible to develop vaccines. A vaccine (痘苗) is a preparation of killed or weakened bacteria or viruses that, when introduced into the body, stimulat

25、es the production of antibodies against the antigens it contains. It is the first trait of antibodies, their specificity, that makes monoclonal antibody technology so valuable. Not only can antibodies be used therapeutically(在治疗上), to protect against disease; they can also help to .diagnose a wide v

26、ariety of illnesses, and can detect the presence of drugs, viral and bacterial products, and other unusual or abnormal substances in the blood. Given such a diversity of uses for these diseased-fighting substances, their production in pure quantities has long been the focus of scientific investigati

27、on. The conventional method was to inject a laboratory animal with an antigen and then, after antibodies had been formed, collect those antibodies from the blood serum(血清) (Antibody containing blood serum is called antiserum (抗血清). There are two problems with this method: It yields antiserum that co

28、ntains undesired substances, and it provides a very small amount of usable antibody. Monoclonal antibody technology allows us to produce large amounts of pure antibodies. in the following way: we can obtain cells that produce antibodies naturally; we also have available a class of cells that can gro

29、w continually in cell culture (培养). If we form a hybrid (混血儿) that combines the characteristic of “immortality“(永生)with the ability to produce the desired substance, we would have, in effect, a factory to produce antibodies that work around the clock. In monoclonal antibody technology, tumor cells t

30、hat can replicate (重复) endlessly are fused with mammalian cells that produce an antibody. The result of this cell fusion is a “hybridoma“ (杂交瘤), which will continually produce antibodies. These antibodies are called monoclonal because they come from only one type of cell, the hybridoma cell; antibod

31、ies produced by conventional methods, on the other hand, are derived from preparations containing many kinds of cells, and hence are called polyclonal. An example of how monoclonal antibodies are derived is described below. A myeloma is a tumor of the bone marrow (骨髓) that can be adapted to grow per

32、manendy in cell culture. When myeloma cells were fused with antibody-producing mammalian spleen cells, it was found that the resulting hybrid cells, or hybridomas, produced large amounts of monoclonal(骨髓瘤) antibody. This product of cell fusion combined the desired qualities of the two different type

33、s of cells: the ability to grow continually, and the ability to produce large amounts of pure antibody. Because selected hybrid cells produce only one specific antibody, they are more pure than the polyclonal antibodies produced by conventional techniques. They are potentially more effective than co

34、nventional drugs in fighting disease, since drugs attack not only the foreign substance but the bodys own cells as well, sometimes producing undesirable side effects such as nausea(恶心) and allergic reactions. Monoclonal antibodies attack the target molecule and only the target molecule, with no or g

35、reatly diminished side effects. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following substances is not an invader to the bodys immune system?（分数：-0.20）A.disease-causing bacteriaB.disease-causing virusesC.antigensD.protein(2).All the following statements about antibodies are true except_.（分数：-0.20）A.each antibody at

36、tack one particular antigenB.all the antibodies resist against the disease when activatedC.the antibodies that attack measles, once activated, continue to confer resistance against measlesD.a vaccine can stimulate the production of antibodies(3).Which of the following functions done NOT belong to an

37、tibodies?（分数：-0.20）A.To clone (克隆) themselvesB.To be used therapeuticallyC.To be diagnose some diseasesD.To find out whether something foreign is in the blood(4).The polyclonal antibodies are different from the monoclonal ones in all the following ways except that_.（分数：-0.20）A.the productive techniq

38、ues are differentB.the former contains some undesired substancesC.the former attacks the foreign substanceD.the former produces side effects, that is, attack the bodys own cells(5).Which of the following statements is false?（分数：-0.20）A.The conventional method produces the polyclonal antibodies.B.The

39、 conventional method provides a very small amount of antibody.C.Hybridoma can produce antibodies around the clock.D.Antibody might be an invader to the bodys immune system.The Development of Both HIV And Its Cure As the number of people infected (传染) with the AIDScausing HIV rose to more than 14 mil

40、lion worldwide and as new research showed that in the U.S. one of every 92 young men may be infected, a cure for the disease still remained an elusive(令人困惑的) dream. To help slow the spread of HIV to infants, the CDC in July called for all pregnant(怀孕的) women to be tested for the virus(毒素). The recom

41、mendation (推荐) stemmed (发展) from a. study that found that the risk that an HIV-infected woman will pass the virus on to her unborn child is cut by two-thirds if the mother receives the drug azidothymidine ( AZT) during pregnancy. The year was also marked by the first official recognition (认可)that tr

42、eating HIV-infected people with a combination(结合) of antiviral(抗毒素的) drugs is superior to treating them with only AZT, a drug that had been the gold standard of treatment since the late 1980s. At an international conference in Copenhagen, a pane(专门小组)of scientists recommended that patients with the

43、AIDS virus receive combination therapy, although there was still no consensus (一致)on when in the course of the disease the drugs should be started. In December the FDA approved the first of a long-awaited new class of AIDS drugs, called protease inhibitors , Physicians emphasized, however, that the

44、new drug, saquinavir, is not a cure and must be taken in combination with other AIDS drugs. A glimmer(微光)of hope for a cure came when a team from the University of Washington reported in November that a new drug, PMPA, prevented monkeys from becoming infected by the monkey version of HIV even when t

45、he virus was injected(注射) directly into the animals. The year also provided the research community (界) , with a few more clues (线索) on how to attack HIV. In June researchers found that 70% of West African women infected with a slow-acting, less easily transmitted(传播)type of the virus were protected

46、against infection by the faster-acting type, which was most common in the West. Earlier in the year hopes for lifesaving(救命的) AIDS treatments or vaccines (痘苗) were also bolstered (支持) by an intriguing(激起好奇心的)and hotly debatedreport that at least two children who had been born infected with the AIDS

47、virus later became free of it. Despite the mammoth(巨大的) swath(长而宽的地带) of destruction(破坏) that AIDS has cut around the world since it first surfaced(升到水面) just 15 years ago, it took a much rarer(稀有的)and much swifter(反应快的)killer, the Ebola virus, to jolt (唤起) the public out of its complacency(自满) towa

48、rd the threat of emerging infectious (感染性的) diseases. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following may refer to an organization?（分数：-0.20）A.AZTB.FDAC.HIVD.AIDS(2).The CDC called on all pregnant women to be tested for HIV_.（分数：-0.20）A.because children will avoid being infected if the mother receives AZT duri

49、ng pregnancyB.for two-thirds of the children have been infected with HIVC.in order to prevent the spread of HIV to infantsD.for the purpose of decreasing the risk of an HIV-infected mother passing HIV to her infants(3).Which of the following statements about HIV and AIDS is NOT TRUE?（分数：-0.20）A.There are different types of HIV in the world.B.HIV may cause AIDS.C.In the U. S. more than 1% of young men are infected by HIV.D.AIDS has done much harm to humans.(4).Compared with AIDS, Ebola virus_.（分数：-0.20）A.affects more people in th