英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(八)及答案解析.doc

1、英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(八)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BNote-taking and(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BA/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Lackner, a U U 1 /U /Uenergy expert at Columbia University, has designed an U U 2 /U /Utree that soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using “leaves“ 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves. He explai

2、ns: The leaves are U U 3 /U /Uin a resin that contains sodium carbonate, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air and stores it as a bicarbonate on the leaves. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are U U 4 /U /Uin water U U 5 /U /Uand can dry naturally in the wind, soaking up more carbon dioxi

3、de.He U U 6 /U /Uthat our total U U 7 /U /Ucould be removed with 100 million trees. The removed carbon dioxide can be U U 8 /U /Uand stored; however, there isnt enough space to store it. But U U 9 /U /Uare coming up with U U 10 /U /U, for example, peridotite, which is a great U U 11 /U /Uof carbon d

4、ioxide. Another U U 12 /U /Ucould be the basalt rock U U 13 /U /U, which contain U U 14 /U /Ugas bubbles. U U 15 /U /Ucarbon dioxide into these bubbles causes it to form U U 16 /U /Ulimestone. However, Lackner thinks the gas is very useful and it can be used to make U U 17 /U /Ufuels for transport U

5、 U 18 /U /U. We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it out, but whether it is economically U U 19 /U /Uis a different question. We have to decide whether the cost of the technology is socially and economically U U 20 /U /Uthe price. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

6、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BB/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Today, I want to discuss underground water. We wouldnt like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The U U 1 /U /Uis that if you only take as much out as c

7、omes in, youre not going to U U 2 /U /Uthe amount of water that stores U U 3 /U /Uthere. Right? Wrong. Thats the U U 4 /U /Ucalled safe yield. We can U U 5 /U /Uas much water out as naturally flows back in. And the recharge U U 6 /U /Udoesnt change. So the U U 7 /U /Uis weve reduced the amount of wa

8、ter that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long, if you U U 8 /U /Uas much water out as naturally comes in, U U 9 /U /Uthe underground water level will U U 10 /U /U. In the underground systems there are natural discharge points. Well, a drop of water U U 11 /U /Ucan mean those

9、 discharge points will U U 12 /U /Udry up. Sustainability and safe yield are U U 13 /U /U, because what sustainability means is that its sustainable for all systems that U U 14 /U /Uon the water, for the people who use it, and for U U 15 /U /Uwater to the U U 16 /U /U, like some streams. So, if we a

10、re using a safe yield U U 17 /U /U, were only U U 18 /U /Uwhat we take out with what gets recharged, but dont forget water also flows out. Then the underground amount gradually gets reduced and that is going to lead to another problem, the U U 19 /U /Uand streams are going to U U 20 /U /Uup. （分数：50.

11、00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_英语翻译高级口译-笔记题(八)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BNote-taking and(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BA/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Lackner, a U U 1 /U /Uenergy expert at Columbia University, h

12、as designed an U U 2 /U /Utree that soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using “leaves“ 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves. He explains: The leaves are U U 3 /U /Uin a resin that contains sodium carbonate, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air and stores it as a bicarbonate on the leave

13、s. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are U U 4 /U /Uin water U U 5 /U /Uand can dry naturally in the wind, soaking up more carbon dioxide.He U U 6 /U /Uthat our total U U 7 /U /Ucould be removed with 100 million trees. The removed carbon dioxide can be U U 8 /U /Uand stored; however, there is

14、nt enough space to store it. But U U 9 /U /Uare coming up with U U 10 /U /U, for example, peridotite, which is a great U U 11 /U /Uof carbon dioxide. Another U U 12 /U /Ucould be the basalt rock U U 13 /U /U, which contain U U 14 /U /Ugas bubbles. U U 15 /U /Ucarbon dioxide into these bubbles causes

15、 it to form U U 16 /U /Ulimestone. However, Lackner thinks the gas is very useful and it can be used to make U U 17 /U /Ufuels for transport U U 18 /U /U. We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it out, but whether it is economically U U 19 /U /Uis a different question

16、 We have to decide whether the cost of the technology is socially and economically U U 20 /U /Uthe price. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：sustainable）解析：听力原文 Klaus Lackner, director of the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at Columbia University, has come up with a technique that he thinks could solve

17、the problem of carbon dioxide emissions. He has designed an artificial tree that passively soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using “leaves“ that are 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves that use photosynthesis. “We dont need to expose the leaves to sunlight for photosynthesis like a real t

18、ree does,“ he explains. “So our leaves can be much more closely spaced and overlapped, even configured in a honeycomb formation to make them more efficient.“ The leaves look like sheets of papery plastic and are coated in a resin that contains sodium carbonate, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the

19、air and stores it as a bicarbonate (baking soda) on the leaf. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are rinsed in water vapor and can dry naturally in the wind, soaking up more carbon dioxide. He calculates that his tree can remove one ton of carbon dioxide a day. Ten million of these trees could

20、 remove 3.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year, equivalent to about 10% of our global annual carbon dioxide emissions. Our total emissions could be removed with 100 million trees, whereas we would need 1,000 times that in real trees to have the same effect. If the trees were mass-produced they wo

21、uld each initially cost around $20,000, just below the price of the average family car in the United States. And each would fit on a truck to be positioned at sites around the world. The great thing about the atmosphere is its a good mixer, so carbon dioxide produced in an American city can be remov

22、ed in Oman. The carbon dioxide from the process can be cooled and stored; however, many scientists are concerned that even if we did remove all our carbon dioxide, there isnt enough space to store it securely in saline aquifers or oil wells. But geologists are coming up with alternatives. For exampl

23、e, peridotite, which is a mixture of serpentine and olivine rock, is a great sucker of carbon dioxide, sealing the absorbed gas as stable magnesium carbonate mineral. In Oman alone, there is a mountain that contains some 30,000 cubic km of peridotite. Another option could be the basalt rock cliffs,

24、which contain holes, solidified gas bubbles from the basalts formation from volcanic lava flows millions of years ago. Pumping carbon dioxide into these ancient bubbles causes it to react to form stable limestonecalcium carbonate. These carbon dioxide absorption processes occur naturally, but on geo

25、logical timescales. To speed up the reaction, scientists are experimenting with dissolving the gas in water first and then injecting it into the rocks under high pressures. However, Lackner thinks the gas is too useful to petrify. His idea is to use the carbon dioxide to make liquid fuels for transp

26、ort vehicles. Carbon dioxide can react with water to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogena combination known as syngas because it can be readily turned into hydrocarbon fuels such as methanol or diesel. The process requires an energy input, but this could be provided by renewable sources, such as wi

27、nd energy. We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it out, but whether it is economically viable is a different question. These trees would do the job for around $200 per ton of removed carbon dioxide, dropping to $30 a ton as the project is scaled up. At that price, w

28、hich has been criticized as wildly optimistic, it starts to make economic sense for oil companies who would pay in the region of $100 per ton to use the gas in enhanced oil recovery. Ultimately, we have to decide whether the cost of the technology is socially worth the price, and that social price i

29、s likely to fall as climate change brings its own mounting costs. Economically too, if the price of carbon rises, then this could lead to two effects. Investing in air capture will likely be seen as an equivalent to “avoided emissions“. And then it will become a worthy investment.填空项 1:_ （正确答案：artif

30、icial）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：coated）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：rinsed）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：vapor）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：calculates）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：emissions）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：cooled）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：geologists）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：alternatives）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：sucker）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：option）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：cliffs）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确

31、答案：solidified）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Pumping）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：stable）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：liquid）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：vehicles）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：viable）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：worth）解析：三、BB/B(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Today, I want to discuss underground water. We wouldnt like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The U U

32、1 /U /Uis that if you only take as much out as comes in, youre not going to U U 2 /U /Uthe amount of water that stores U U 3 /U /Uthere. Right? Wrong. Thats the U U 4 /U /Ucalled safe yield. We can U U 5 /U /Uas much water out as naturally flows back in. And the recharge U U 6 /U /Udoesnt change. So

33、 the U U 7 /U /Uis weve reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long, if you U U 8 /U /Uas much water out as naturally comes in, U U 9 /U /Uthe underground water level will U U 10 /U /U. In the underground systems there are natural discharge points.

34、Well, a drop of water U U 11 /U /Ucan mean those discharge points will U U 12 /U /Udry up. Sustainability and safe yield are U U 13 /U /U, because what sustainability means is that its sustainable for all systems that U U 14 /U /Uon the water, for the people who use it, and for U U 15 /U /Uwater to

35、the U U 16 /U /U, like some streams. So, if we are using a safe yield U U 17 /U /U, were only U U 18 /U /Uwhat we take out with what gets recharged, but dont forget water also flows out. Then the underground amount gradually gets reduced and that is going to lead to another problem, the U U 19 /U /U

36、and streams are going to U U 20 /U /Uup. （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：implication）解析：听力原文 Last week we discussed some key terms widely used in dealing with environmental protection. Im sure they are still fresh in your mind. Right? So in todays environmental science class, I want to discuss a few other t

37、erms here, actually some ideas about how we manage our resources. Lets talk about what that means. If we take resources like water, now maybe we should get a little bit more specific here, back from more general cases and talk about underground water in particular. So hydro geologists have tried to

38、figure out how much water can we take out from underground sources. That has been an important question. Let me ask you guys, how much water, based on what you know so far, could you take out of, say, an aquifer under the city. As much as what gets recharged? OK. So we wouldnt like to take out more

39、than naturally comes into it. The implication is that, well, if you only take as much out as comes in, youre not going to deplete the amount of water that stores in there. Right? Wrong. But thats the principle. Thats the idea behind how we manage our water supplies. Its called safe yield. Basically

40、what this message says is that you can pump as much water out of the system as naturally recharges, as naturally flows back in. So this principle of safe yield is based on balancing what we take out with what gets recharged. But what it does is it ignores how much water naturally comes out of the sy

41、stem. In a natural system a certain amount of recharge comes in and a certain amount of water naturally flows out through springs, streams and lakes, and over the long term the amount thats stored in the aquifer doesnt really change much. Its balanced. Now humans come in and start taking water out o

42、f the system. How have we changed the equation? Its not balanced any more? Right. We take water out but water also naturally flows out. And the recharge rate doesnt change. So the result is weve reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long enough, if