职称英语卫生类A、B、C级综合试卷-52及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-52 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：5，分数：100.00)US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty1. The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Hu

2、man Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.2. The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of t

3、he World Health Assembly, including the United States, last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.3. For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. The treaty

4、 calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an ou

5、tright ban.4. The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused b

6、y tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.5. The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far, 109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.（分数：20.00）(1).A. What the FCTC DemandsB. US

7、 Signing of the FCTCC. Opposition to the FCTCD. How the FCTC Came into BeingE. What the FCTC Will Bring aboutF. Ratification of the FCTCParagraph 1 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(5).A. have ratified itB. approving

8、itC. implement its provisionsD. restrict smoking in public placesE. caused by tobacco useF. including higher tobacco taxesSigning the FCTC is only the first step toward _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(6).Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things, _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(7).It is hoped that the F

9、CTC will greatly help to reduce deaths _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(8).Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_Napping to a Healthier Heart?1. Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The

10、test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke.2. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost on

11、e thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke.3. The researchers say the

12、presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and

13、had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that persons treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patients chance of a h

14、eart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5. Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In coun

15、tries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand he

16、althy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by

17、 reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.（分数：20.00）(1).A. Effects of Napping in Females Still UncertainB. Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC.

18、 Development of a Simple but Important TestD. Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiseaseE. How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNPF. Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart DiseaseParagraph 2 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(4).Paragra

19、ph 6 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(5).A. where fewer people die from heart problemB. whether they have the risk of heart attack, heart failure or strokeC. would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD. how to test a persons NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE. his heart muscle would be under pressure i

20、n some wayF. that napping is of great benefit to women tooAccording to some researchers, by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(6).If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(7).People who take regular afternoon naps _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(8

21、).So far there have not been definite data to confirm（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_Many Benefit from Cancer Organization1. Do you know a child who survived leukemia? Do you have a mother, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to

22、 reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Societys research program.2. Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take us one step closer to a cure. The American Cancer Society has long recog

23、nized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.3. As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the United States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946, theyve invested more than $2.

24、4 billion in research. The investment has paid rich dividends: In 1946, only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis; today 60 percent live longer than five years.4. Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the coun

25、try receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Society had more money available for research funding, nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding could be funded each year.

26、5. You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society Relay for Life, a team event to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer breakthroughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American

27、Cancer Society at 451-4880.（分数：20.00）(1).A. What Could Be Done with More MoneyB. Establishment of the American Cancer SocietyC. Significance of Funded ResearchD. Other Sources of Funding for Cancer ResearchE. Benefits Achieved Through InvestmentF. How You Can Offer HelpParagraph 2 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(

28、2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(5).A. lack of fundingB. many cancer patientsC. more lives being savedD. more than five yearsE. the ultimate answersF. more fundingThe American Cancer Societys research program has benefited _.（分数：2.50）

29、填空项 1:_(6).The survival period for 60% of cancer patients today is _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(7).Many outstanding applications are turned down each year for _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(8).More cancer breakthroughs can be made with _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_The Paper Chase1. “Running a house is a lot like running a business,

30、 “ says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:2. Create a space in which y

31、ou can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you cant devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever i

32、t is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.3. When in doubt, throw it out. The first step for implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you dont use, dont need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out

33、 duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings youll never have an opportunity to use or even read.4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesnt fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two mani

34、la folders at the front of your system for current bills one to correspond with each bill-paying day and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.5. Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, b

35、ut as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyones needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filing system, ask yourself: “Where would I look for this? “ Create main headings for your filing

36、system, such as Investments,（分数：20.00）(1).A. Find a Place to Work onB. Implementing a Workable Filing SystemC. What Is a Good Filing SystemD. How to Invest in a Rolling File CartE. Get Rid of Unimportant ThingsF. Dealing with BillsParagraph 2 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(3).Par

37、agraph 4 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(5).A. they are uselessB. in paper chaseC. that it is easily reachedD. that different people have different requirementsE. they are not comfortableF. in investing in couponsStephanie Denton is expert _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(6).You can put your fi

38、le cart anywhere you like, on condition _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(7).Coupons should be thrown away because _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(8).“Mentally flexible“ indicates the fact _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_China Seeks Donors to Narrow Bone Marrow Gap1. China has launched a campaign to recruit more bone marrow donors, amid a s

39、hortage of funds as well as of sibling donors who could help the growing number of patients in need of life-saving transplants, state media reported on Monday.2. The Chinese Red Cross began the national campaign over the weekend to find donors for some 4 million patients suffering from leukaemia, th

40、alassaemia and other blood diseases and awaiting bone marrow transplants, the official China Daily said. Every year China has 40,000 new leukaemia patients, most of them under 35 and 50 percent of them children, the newspaper said. Other reports have linked Chinas growing childhood leukaemia to solv

41、ents and building materials used in interior decoration.3. With a tiny pool of bone marrow donors, weakened by the absence of sibling donors for most children because of Chinas one-child policy, doctors rely on donors from Taiwan to save many young leukaemia patients, the Beijing Evening News said l

42、ast weekend. Taiwan, with a population of 22 million, has 210,000 registered donors compared with fewer than 30,000 donors among mainland Chinas 1.3 billion people, the newspaper said.4. Yet the lack of registered donors may reflect a lack of funding for testing and recording data on potential donor

43、s rather than a lack of volunteers, the newspaper said. China needs a pool of at least 100,000 donors but testing them would cost more than 50 million yuan, it said.5. The Hong Kong Marrow Match Foundation said it has helped “a handful“ of patients in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities. “The number

44、of requests is increasing“ from mainland China, including direct calls to the charity from desperate patients or relatives, said the foundations donor coordinator Marven Chin. But the cost of extracting bone marrow from one of the foundations 40,000 registered donors and flying it by courier has to

45、be borne by the patients, and many of them have to be aided financially, Chin said.（分数：20.00）(1).A. Urgent Need for Both Donors and FundsB. Shortage of DonorsC. Desperate Leukaemia PatientsD. Seriousness of the Current SituationE. Shortage of FundsF. Comparison Between Mainland and Hong Kong and Tai

46、wanParagraph 2 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(5).A. about one percent of the total populationB. to be responsible for childhood leukaemiaC. an urgent and tough task to be accomplishedD. less than one third of the m

47、inimumE. an expensive cost to be paidF. to afford the cost of bone marrow transplantationIt seems that many of the recipients are not rich enough _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(6).At present the number of bone marrow donors in mainland China is _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(7).Some solvents and building materials are considered _.（分数：2.50）填空项 1:_(8).Ob