职称英语卫生类A级-14及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A级-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to determine the place for himself.（分数：1.00）A.spotB.locateC.placeD.situate2.Niagara Falls is a great tourist site, drawing millions of visitors every year.（分数：1.0

2、0）A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.arrangement3.The idea of not having to get up early every morning is rather appealing to me.（分数：1.00）A.unbelievableB.demandingC.relaxingD.fascinating4.Doctors strongly recommend that fathers should be present at their babys birth.（分数：1.00）A.commentB.requestC.s

3、uggestD.demand5.Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.（分数：1.00）A.provesB.showsC.findsD.concludes6.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the south.（分数：1.00）A.praisesB.writesC.imitatesD.describes7.Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.（分数：1.00）

4、A.destroyB.decreaseC.delayD.pollute8.When people become unemployed, it is loafing often worse than lack of wages.（分数：1.00）A.lazinessB.povertyC.idlenessD.inability9.Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.（分数：1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order10.After a days fierce fightin

5、g, the enemy finally had to remove their troops from the occupied area.（分数：1.00）A.retreatB.returnC.dismissD.withdraw11.The childs abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.（分数：1.00）A.badB.frighteningC.repeatedD.unusual12.Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance.（分数：1.00）A.bookedB.boughtC.soldD.obta

6、ined13.It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.（分数：1.00）A.rememberB.followC.understandD.learn14.Her behavior is extremely childish.（分数：1.00）A.simpleB.immatureC.beautifulD.foolish15.The meaning is still obscure.（分数：1.00）A.vagueB.transparentC.alienD.significant二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00

7、)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择 A：如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Schooling and EducationIt is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to scho

8、ol. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes b

9、oth the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, educat

10、ion quite often produces Surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long befo

11、re the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of ones entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take

12、assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. F

13、or example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.（分数：7.00）(1).There i

14、s no difference between schooling and education in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).According to the passage, education can be get in a kitchen.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Schooling can be predictable, while education may bring surprises

15、.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Childrens education process should begin at the age of three.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Through out the country, children arrive at school at different time.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Its unlike

16、ly to find out the truth about political problems of communities in high school classes.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The writer argues that childrens schooling should be stopped by education.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的

17、短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 36 段每段选择 1个最佳标题：(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。Drug Abuse1 The term “drug abuse“ most often refers to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply

18、that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drugs.2 Pharmacologists, who study the effects of drugs, classify psychoactive drugs according to what they do to those who take them. Drugs that speed up signals passing through the nervous system, which i

19、s made up of the brain and spinal cord, and produce alertness and arousal in higher doses , excitability, and inhibit fatigue and sleep, are called stimulants. Drugs that retard, slow down, or depress signals passing through the central nervous system and produce relaxation, a lowering of anxiety, a

20、nd, at higher doses, drowsiness and sleep, are called depressants. One distinct kind of depressants are those which dull the minds perception of pain and in medicine are used as painkillers, or analgesics. These drugs called narcotics.3 It is not always easy to determine exactly when simple drug use

21、 becomes abuse. Thus it is far easier to study who uses illegal psychoactive drugs than it is to study who abuses them. When researchers describe patterns of drug abuse, then, they usually describe the more general phenomenon of drug use, whether it leads to abuse or not.4 Drinking on the job is a s

22、ocial and economic problem with a long history. With the growing popularity of illegal drugs in the 1960s and 1970s, it was to be expected that their use in the workplace would emerge as a major issue by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, ranging from 10 percent to 25 percent fo

23、r the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job.5 From the 1920s until the 1960s, treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent. During this period many officials did not believe that treatment was effective or necessary. Drug abusers and sellers were sim

24、ply arrested and imprisoned, thereby discouraging use. The dramatic explosion in the use and abuse of a wide range of different drugs during the 1960s demonstrated the weakness of this theory. As a result, two treatment programs were developed during the 1960s.A. Patterns of drug abuseB. TreatmentC.

25、 Drug testing in the workplaceD. Classification of psychoactive drugsE. Definition（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs o

26、ccasionally on the jobB. determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuseC. the 1920s until the 1960sD. the 1960s until the 1970sE. signals passing through the nervous system（分数：4.00）(1).Drugs that speed up _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexi

27、stent from _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).It is not always easy to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Estimates of employee drug use very greatly, ranging from _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BIt came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales,

28、made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Crosss campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the statisti

29、cs,“ she said, “But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me: like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her. “The Princess concluded with a simple message: “We must stop landmines. “ And she used every opportunity during her visit to repea

30、t this message.But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as “very ill-informed“ and a “loose cannon“ (乱放炮的人).The Prin

31、cess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: “This is a distraction (干扰) we do not need. All Im trying to do is help. “Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princesss trip

32、 had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkin

33、d, claimed that the Princesss views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards“ a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding. “For the Princess, the trip to this war torn c

34、ountry was an excellent opportunity to use her ,popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.（分数：15.00）(1).Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 _.（分数

35、：3.00）A.to clarify the British governments stand on landminesB.to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC.to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD.to voice her support for a total ban of landmines(2).What did Diana mean when she said “.putting a face to those figures bro

36、ught the reality home to me“ ( Lines 5-6, Para. 1).?（分数：3.00）A.Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.B.She just couldnt bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.C.The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.D.Seeing the pain of the victims

37、 made her realize the seriousness of the situation.(3).Some members of the British government criticized Diana because（分数：3.00）A.she had not consulted the government before the visitB.she was ill-informed of the governments policyC.they were actually opposed to banning landminesD.they believed that

38、she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola(4).How did Diana respond to the criticisms?（分数：3.00）A.She made more appearances on TV.B.She paid no attention to them.C.She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.D.She launched an attack on the members of the British government.(5).What did Princess Diana

39、 think of her visit to Angola?（分数：3.00）A.It had caused embarrassment to the British government.B.It had greatly promoted her popularity.C.It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.D.It had affected her relations with the British government.B第二篇/BBelieve it or not,optical illusion (错觉) can cut

40、 highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.

41、Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessi

42、ve speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies

43、 suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they a

44、re driving faster than they really are but also make a lane spear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.（分数：15.00）(1).The passage mainly discusses _.（分数：3.00）A.a new way of highway speed controlB.a new pattern for painting highw

45、aysC.a new approach to training driversD.a new type of optical illusion(2).On roads painted with chevrons drivers tend to feel that _.（分数：3.00）A.they should avoid speed-related hazardsB.they are driving in the wrong laneC.they should slow down their speedD.they are approaching the speed limit(3).The

46、 advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former _.（分数：3.00）A.can keep drivers awakeB.can cut road accidents in halfC.will have a longer effect on driversD.will look more attractive(4).The American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to _.（分数：3.00）A.try out the Ja

47、panese method in certain areasB.change the road signs across the countryC.replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD.repeat the Japanese road patterns(5).What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?（分数：3.00）A.They are falling out of use in the United States.B.

48、They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C.They are applicable only on broad roads.D.They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.B第三篇/BWhy does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they found the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food

49、,not its chemical composition-a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions-tiny globules (小球) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The differ