职称英语卫生类A级-17及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A级-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages.（分数：1.00）A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.symbolically2.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough pain in the neck.（分数：1.00）A.nuisanceB.troubleC.

2、worryD.anxiety3.Please ensure that your seatbelts are fastened while driving.（分数：1.00）A.make outB.make forC.make upD.make sure4.Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very worthwhile.（分数：1.00）A.preciousB.rewardingC.worthD.challenging5.The National Safety Council urges dr

3、ivers and passengers to wear seat belts as a warning against injury.（分数：1.00）A.cautionB.precautionC.securityD.safety6.I am very grateful to you for your assistance.（分数：1.00）A.helpfulB.hopefulC.pitifulD.thankful7.In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.（分数：1.00）A.

4、speed upB.decreaseC.stopD.control8.Features such as height, weight, and skin color differ from individual to individual and from face to face。（分数：1.00）A.changeB.varyC.alterD.convert9.I happened to see the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street。（分数：1.00）A.had a vision ofB.glimpsed

5、 atC.looked atD.saw a scene of10.We shall take the treasure away to a safe place.（分数：1.00）A.cleanB.prettyC.distantD.secure11.The people in that remote area still live on humble means because the economy there is underdeveloped.（分数：1.00）A.difficultB.modestC.arduousD.domestic12.The strong storm did a

6、lot of damage to the coastal villages : several fishing boats were damaged and many houses collapsed。（分数：1.00）A.wreckedB.spoiledC.tornD.injured13.Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.wise14.Martin decided that he had no adequate proof.（分数：1.00）A.

7、enoughB.convincingC.qualifiedD.appropriate15.Dont injure yourself with that tool.（分数：1.00）A.blameB.hurtC.equipD.provide二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确的信息，请选择 A；如果该句提的是错误信息，衣选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Evolution of SleepSleep is very ancient. In the electroenceph

8、alographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more

9、likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound wh

10、en apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seemsclearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they

11、 sleep deeply at all?Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide i

12、n the ocean.Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on the

13、ir own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.（分数：7.00）(1).Almost all the mammals and birds do sleep.（分数：1.00）A.A.

14、Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Prey is more likely to dream than predators.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Compared with smart animals, stupid ones are more often immobilized by sleep.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).All the aquatic mammals sleep a lo

15、t.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The function of sleep is to decrease animals vulnerability.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).With the evolution, human beings may sleep more.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Cats and dogs often have dreamle

16、ss sleep.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 14 段第段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more th

17、an doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible cause, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are thepresence of foreign

18、 particles and other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers21 to 30 cigarettes per daythe mortali

19、ty rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tube

20、rculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age, that this would be much more tha

21、n offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.4 A common form of lung cancer is broncho-genic carcinoma, so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting spaces between lung and

22、the outside, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before seconda

23、ry growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy.5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths.A. Common Secondary Lung CancersB. The Advantages Brought a

24、bout by Routine Chest CheckupC. Relationship Between Mortality Rate from Lung Cancer and Smoking HabitsD. Operable and Inoperable Lung CancersE. The Increasing Death Rate from Lung Cancer and Possible CausesF. An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分

25、数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. before the cancer cells spread elsewhereB. the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will haveC. what is most responsible for lung cancerD. as some people imagineE. the more chances of getting lung cancer he will

26、haveF. which form of lung cancer is a common one（分数：4.00）(1).Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).A primary lung cancer patient may be cured by removing the lung completely_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).People are still not sure_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The more cigarettes one

27、 smokes,._（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定为 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BDreamsStudies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather that thought. In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and

28、touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.The clearly distinguishable states of sheep exist. The first state, called NREM-sheep (non-rap-id-eye movement sleep), o

29、ccupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming. The second type of sheep, known as REM-sleep (rapid-eye-movement sleep) occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports.

30、 Typically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the nights sleep (as much as 50 percent in a newborn child). Evidence in

31、dicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a Remperiod. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thought like experiences.Modern dream research h

32、as focused on two general interpretations of dream content. In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain integrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious l

33、ogical thought. If dreams express important wishes, fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a persons mental functioning.（分数：15.00）(1).There are in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream:_.（分数：3.00）

34、A.one, we “see“ our dreams, and two, we “think“ our dreamsB.one, we are happy, and two, we are angryC.one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinkingD.we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye moveme

35、nts, and two, we have rapid eye movements(2).According to this article, we_.（分数：3.00）A.often think seriously when we are dreamingB.hardly ever hear music when we are dreamingC.very often feel something tastes good when we are dreamingD.almost always see different “pictures“ when we are dreaming(3).I

36、n your dreams, you_.（分数：3.00）A.very often feel happy and unhappy at the same timeB.always feel that you are afraid of somebodyC.seldom feel fear now and joy laterD.only feel anger(4).This essay tells us that_.（分数：3.00）A.people usually dream in a NREM sleepB.people usually dream in an REM sleepC.peop

37、le always remember what they have dreamed in an REM sleepD.people may have an REM sheep all night through(5).Based on what is discussed in this writing, an adult may have at most about_of the time of his or her sleep dreaming.（分数：3.00）A.90%B.50%C.25%D.20%B第二篇/BWarm People Likely to Keep Cold at BayS

38、taying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.The findings, pub

39、lished in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style“ can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less trouble

40、d by a scratchy throat or runny nose.“People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus. “ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less seve

41、re. “Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults completes stand, self-perceived he

42、alth and emotional “style“. Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had anegative style.The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu viru

43、s. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develo

44、p a cold.（分数：15.00）(1).According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think_.（分数：3.00）A.that their illness is very seriousB.that their illness is not so seriousC.that they do not get any illness at allD.that the illness they get is not a mild one(2).

45、People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.happyB.selfishC.easy-goingD.energetic(3).Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have?（分数：3.00）A.Hostile.B.Unhappy.C.Warm-blooded.D

46、Tense.(4).How did the researchers test their volunteers?（分数：3.00）A.By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.B.By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.C.By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.D.B

47、y investigating everyones characteristics, interests and hobbies.(5).Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?（分数：3.00）A.Mucus production.B.Aches and pains.C.Sneezing or congestion.D.Blood test.B第三篇/BEating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEatin

48、g potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowe

49、l, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effec