职称英语卫生类A级-1及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He is said to be suffering from terminal cancer and has asked for euthanasia (安乐死).（分数：1.00）A.acuteB.chronicC.finalD.fatal2.I felt impelled to tell the truth.（分数：1.00）A.promotedB.inducedC.compelledD.improved3.We should never

2、 content ourselves with a little knowledge only.（分数：1.00）A.convinceB.satisfyC.comfortD.benefit4.Are you positive that theres been no mistake?（分数：1.00）A.rationalB.reasonableC.certainD.bound5.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanent

3、B.powerfulC.strikingD.practical6.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.（分数：1.00）A.continuouslyB.quicklyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally7.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.（分数：1.00）

4、A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent8.Smoking is inhibited in public places.（分数：1.00）A.instructedB.inquiredC.forbiddenD.strived9.How can we reduce the risk of cancer?（分数：1.00）A.cut inB.cut downC.cut offD.cut out10.Its prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out.（分数：1.00）A.contr

5、oversialB.reasonableC.sensibleD.sensitive11.His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.（分数：1.00）A.became betterB.became worseC.became strongerD.became weaker12.The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.（分数：1.00）A.quickenB.shortenC.loosenD.enlarge13.His new

6、 girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married.（分数：1.00）A.failedB.deletedC.refusedD.rejected14.We should contemplated the problem from all sides.（分数：1.00）A.deliberatedB.thoughtC.describedD.designed15.If you want my advice, you should revise your plan for the trip to Beijing.（分数：1.00）A.chan

7、geB.exchangeC.enlargeD.encourage二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A 项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择 B 项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择 C 项。B An Observation and an Explanation/BIt is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usua

8、l fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their

9、bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis s

10、hows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other wo

11、rds, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heart beat is the vital

12、factor? And in What way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infan

13、t, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world, if this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.（分数：7.00）(1).We can learn a lot by observing the positi

14、on in which a mother holds her baby against her body.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The number of right-handed moth

15、ers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left-handed ones by 22%.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5)

16、The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mothers body provides the most convincing explanation of all.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The writers e

17、xplanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers left arms than in the right arms.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)14 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；(2)第

18、58 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的位置上。B Caring for the Old/BThe old do not have to look exclusively to the past. Relieved of some of lifes responsibilities and fortified by many years of experience and knowledge, they may have a much better idea of how to spend their time enjoyably than

19、 they did in their youth. And not all enjoyment is restricted to the mental or philosophical. Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our later years.Old people sometimes display surprising freedom and forthrightness in the expression of their thoughts and feelings,

20、 and an ability to transmit affection. It is as though some of the rituals which constrict us in earlier life fall away.But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress in old age than at any other time in adult life, and the gap between need and care is often filled by dubious measu

21、res, such as heavy-handed prescription of medicine. For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy. But a few clinicians have risen to the challenge and discovered that individual and group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the y

22、oung.It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror. Yet in old age there may be terror of a very private nature, a sense of disintegration sometimes stemming from inner conflicts, sometimes from a premonition of death or the fear of becoming dependent.Dependency is a grim choice: insecuri

23、ty and deprivation must be weighed against loss of autonomy and integrity. But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child, there should be nothing shameful about the dependencies natural with old age and diminishing physical resources.The complexity and impersonalit

24、y of the bureaucratic establishments, which have the means to provide help, are often threatening to old people. The younger generation today, on the other hand, will have had many decades to interact with “the system“ by the time they reach old age.Many of us, including healthcare providers, assume

25、 that we know what old people and dying people want, but our assumptions are often a reflections of our won thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty bits of observation. Such assumptions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with the terminally ill. Assuming we “know“

26、what they want, we observe ourselves from being with them, and sharing their thoughts about the end of life.We sometimes assume, wrongly, that old people are too confused or senile to be aware of the nearness of death. In consequence, communication between a dying and others is subject to extraordin

27、ary omissions and distortions. “Protecting“ the dying from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable prospect of talking about dying and death. Evasions like this only lead to increasing isolation at a time when emotional honesty and understanding are most needed

28、分数：8.00）(1).paragraph 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Old people may well be active in _.A. how to show love to others（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Old people sometimes know better _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).It is a nat

29、ural thing _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).We often think that we know the feeling of a dying person, _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB Diseases of Agricultural Plants/BPlants, like animals, are subject to dis

30、eases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack com, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant diseases are ail too obvious in countries that have marginal food supplies. The problem will soo

31、n be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries that are now amply fed by thek agricultural products there could soon be food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting

32、famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.Some plants have relative immunity to great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes

33、as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight that killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Irelan

34、d in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may include invade a plant through an infestation of insect para

35、sites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. T

36、he symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by primary virus infection.（分数：15.00）(1).How many diseases are known to attack wheat?（分数：3.00）A.Around 30,000.B.Around 140.C.Around 29,960.D.Aroun

37、d 40.(2).According to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?（分数：3.00）A.A world war.B.Border conflicts.C.Relations of grain and meat.D.Social upheavals.(3).What is the main idea of the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Some plants have relative immunity to a

38、 great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them.B.The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change.C.A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America.D.A blight may be a national infection.(4).According to the passage, some plant diseases ca

39、n be prevented by_.（分数：3.00）A.killing parasitesB.inoculationC.killing insectsD.improving growing conditions(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria.B.Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens.C.Some plant diseases may be caused b

40、y fungus.D.Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases.B第二篇/BB Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently/BMale pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision-making, while female pilots are more l

41、ikely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error invo

42、lved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloom

43、berg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the masons for the crash.“The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilo

44、t aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificate

45、s, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 5

46、9 percent of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females.The majority of the crashes-95 percent for femal

47、es and 88 percent for males-involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females(accounting for 81 percent of the crashes) than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more likely to b

48、e guilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and Visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more careful than their male counterpart

49、s.inattention n.疏忽flawed adj. 有缺陷的mishandle v. 瞎弄,乱处理MPH(Master of Public Health) 公共卫生硕士stall v. (飞机) 失速, (发动机) 熄火kinetics n. 动力学（分数：15.00）(1).What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?（分数：3.00）A.Causes of aircraft crash.B.Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.C.Causes of mishandling aircraft