职称英语卫生类A级-20及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A级-20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We must abide by the rules. A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The book made a great impact on its readers. A. force B. influence C. surprise D. power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Accompanied by cheerful musi

2、c, we began to dance. A. pleasant B. colorful C. fashionable D. different（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Dont irritate her. shes on a short fuse today. A. tease B. attract C. annoy D. protect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The manager allocate duties to the clerks. A. assign B. persuade C. ask D. order（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The

3、once barren hillsides are now good farmland. A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. A. play B. send C. show D. tell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. A. chall

4、enged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.I notified him that my address had changed. A. informed B. observed C. mocked D. misled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny. A. position B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Her nov

5、el depicts an ambitious Chinese. A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age. A. competitive B

6、 diligent C. qualified D. competent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather. A. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. interesting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. A. long B. never-ending C. boring D. extensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分

7、数：7.00)The Cold PlacesThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading 125 Fahrenheit below zero. Readings of 85 degrees below zero are common in both the Arctic and Antarctica.

8、Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter is about 73 degrees below zero.One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low temperature the killing chill of the far North a

9、nd the polar South.To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperature.Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap t

10、hemselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and the Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land.Antarctica, as we have seen, is

11、a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica may have been much like our own.Explores have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture mu

12、st have kept the trees in the forests alive.（分数：7.00）(1).As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctic（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. Wron

13、gC. Not mentioned(3).The Arctic and Antarctica are no mans lands because of their notorious coldness.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Polar explorers can stay alive without heaters and windproof shelters.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Despite the hostile environment, both animals

14、 and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctic（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned(7).At one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees gr

15、ew there.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Kripkes research tool B. Dangers of habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripkes report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems（分数：4.00）(

16、1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. fall asleep again. B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep more

17、 than 8 hours（分数：4.00）(1).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).One survey showed that people who ha

18、bitually 1 each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Problems of AnxietyTraining as mental-health professionals is supposed to be “color blind“. That sounds fine but in practice it means that people from black and ethnic groups get an unfa

19、ir treatment because their particular problems are seldom acknowledged.So a project was piloted involving Bangladeshi women in inner-city London, most of whom migrated to the U.K. in the 1960s and 1970s from a rural background. Many of these women turned to their doctors with common symptoms of anxi

20、ety, such as headaches, sleeping difficulties, loss of appetite and lack of energy. They were usually prescribed tranquillizers or even Vitamin C. Since the underlying causes remained, the women visited their doctors with increasing frequency and some were referred on to mental-health professionals.

21、The psychologists wanted to see how normal Western approaches to anxiety problems might work when applied across cultures. However, they found that many things in the standard approach had to be changed. They had to translate many of the usual examples they would normally compare learning to relax w

22、ith learning to drive, for instance, which would not have been culturally appropriate. At first they asked the women to rate, on a scale one to ten, the effect of relaxation on their level of anxiety. They found numbers an odd way of expressing how they were feeling. So psychologists shifted their f

23、ocus to words and talked of five stages form “very good“ to “very bad“.As it was a pilot project, there were shortcomings. Psychologists looked for too little back-up and did not collect as much objective data as they might have done with a white group. They fell into the white stereotype of assumin

24、g that Bangladeshi women would find the use of various checklists and written records foreign. Perhaps racism has conditioned the professionals to a greater extent than they expected. Psychologists found that using a Western model across cultures has potential. But it needs political, financial and

25、personal commitment.（分数：15.00）(1).What is meant in Par（分数：3.00）A.1 by “color blind“?A. Not liking people from ethnic groups.B. Giving special treatment to ethnic groups.C. Unable to distinguish certain colors.D. Not treating ethnic groups differently.(2).The Bangladeshi women continued to visit thei

26、r doctors because _.（分数：3.00）A.they were lonely and isolatedB.the reasons for their problems were still thereC.they were prescribed drugsD.they were referred to mental health professionals(3).The standard approach to treating anxiety had to be changed because _.（分数：3.00）A.the cultural background of

27、the women was very different from the standard oneB.the Bangladeshis were exposed to racist harassment and language difficultiesC.the Bangladeshi women asked them to change itD.the women could not relax(4).What has led to the failure of the mental-health professionals collecting sufficient data?（分数：

28、3.00）A.They fall into stereotypes resulted from the influence of racism.B.They have language problems while communicating with the women.C.They want to protect the women from racism.D.Bangladeshi women do not want to tell the psychologists their feelings.(5).Which of the following statement can best

29、 summarize the main idea of the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Bangladeshi women living in Britain suffer from different levels of anxiety.B.Western models prove to be unsuccessful in treating psychological problems of ethnic groups.C.Mental problems of ethnic groups have not got due recognition.D.People relate

30、 better to people of similar backgrounds.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)TatooJacks friend Tony had recently gotten a tatoo (文身) and Jack was so impressed by Tonys bravery and his tatoo that he decided to get one, too. Why do a lot of young people in North America get tatoos today? Peer pressure, media influen

31、ce, and personal expression are some of the common reasons.The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by ones friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tatoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tat

32、oos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large “Xs“ tatooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special “uniform“. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. Some of these groups wear on

33、ly brand-name clothes. Others wear tatoos. When a persons friends are all doing something, such as getting a tatoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tatoo too.The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tatoos in North America. A wide variety of media images

34、 show tatoos. Tatoos can be seen on people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tatoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tatooed with detailed and colorful patterns. These

35、 media images link tatoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tatoo for its fashion and status value.It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tatoo. Many people decide to wear tatoos in order to expre

36、ss their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tatoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tatoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tatoo each others names over their

37、hearts. A tatoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a persons life.（分数：15.00）(1).Jack got a tatoo because of _.（分数：3.00）A.a desire to express himselfB.the influence of the mediaC.the influence of friendsD.a desire to be fashionable(2).Gang members wear the tatoo of “Xs“ to show their _

38、分数：3.00）A.individualityB.sense of belongingC.sense of honorD.power(3).Which of the following groups of people are seen wearing tatoos in the media?（分数：3.00）A.Sports Stars.B.Car sellers.C.Fashion designers.D.Movie stars.(4).Which of the following tatoos shows ones belief?（分数：3.00）A.A picture of end

39、angered species.B.A lovers name.C.A musical instrument.D.A brand nam(5).The best title for this passage is _.（分数：3.00）A.Tatoos Tell Who You AreB.Tatoos New TrendC.The Popularity of TatoosD.Why People Get Tatoos七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Body ClockWhy is it that flying to New York from London will leav

40、e you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology.Deep inside the brain there is a “clock“ that governs every aspect of the bodys functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood

41、 hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.The body clock programs us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our nat

42、ural biological sleepiness in the afternoon.One of the major causes of the travelers malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of a persons internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses the biological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time

43、and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjust to a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may be on a different schedule altogether.Though

44、 we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to “shrink“ our day.That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed

45、 that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights.When flying west, you are extending your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve “shrinking“ or reducing your day and is in direct

46、 opposition to your internal clocks natural tendency.One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be

47、awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working longer hours.It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destinations schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several

48、weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone. So, our body clock truly can “govern“ us.（分数：15.00）(1).The role of the body clock is to _.（分数：3.00）A.enable us to sleep 6 hours a dayB.help us adapt to a 24-hour cycleC.regulate the bodys functionsD.interfere with the bodys functions(2).The word “malady“ in

49、Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：3.00）A.conditionB.discomfortC.injuryD.excitement(3).Flying in a westward direction will _.（分数：3.00）A.help you sleep betterB.increase the degree of jet lagC.shrink your dayD.make you overeat(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the disrupted sleep of travelers?（分数