职称英语卫生类A级-22及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A级-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.His idea to solve the problem is really original. A. creative B. great C. practical D. perfect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Purchasing the new production line will be a profitable deal for the company. A. beneficial B. tremendous C. forcef

2、ul D. favorable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The parents always restrain their daughter from swimming in the nearby pool. A. allow B. reduce C. prevent D. confine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The teacher asked us to submit the reports before next Monday. A. hand in B. hand out C. hand on D. hand back（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.As

3、 a good student, you have to follow the school rules. A. reply to B. apply for C. abide with D. comply with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The police have conducted the exhaustive investigation for this murdering. A. important B. tired C. thorough D. careful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.She is notable for her generous cont

4、ribution for the relief of the poor. A. guilt B. accused C. famous D. responsible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.His new movie depicts an ambitious American. A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.People name this street Bill Street in honor of the famous general. A. respecting B. memo

5、rizing C. in term of D. in view of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He doesnt like the children who are prone to telling a lie. A. reliable B. liable C. promising D. declined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is said the houses along this street will soon be pulled down. A. demolished B. construct C. pulled off D. pulled in（

6、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He finally succeeded in carrying out his plan owing to his hard -working. A. due to B. adapting to C. considering D. suiting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.We are disappointed to find out that he has made a fatal mistake. A. crucial B. foolish C. stupid D. big（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.They are ende

7、avoring to reform the present rules. A. trying B. working C. doing D. making（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.This kind of animals is on the verge of dying out. A. drying up B. extinction C. dying off D. distinction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)1. Mental RetardationMental retardation is a condition

8、in which people have lower than normal intelligence and are unable to function at the level expected for their age. People with mental retardation are usually born with it, or it develops early in their life. They may also have some difficulty with dally living skills such as learning to read and wr

9、ite and caring for themselves.Doctors and other professionals determine that a person has mental retardation based on their intelligence and how well they can do everyday activities. Intelligence is the ability to learn and understand. Levels of intelligence are measured by special tests called inte

10、lligence tests. The score a person gets on one of these tests gives a numerical measure of a person s intelligence. This is called an intelligence quotient or IQ.An average score on an IQ test is about 90 to 110. A person with mental retardation will usually score below 75 on an IQ test.The IQ test

11、alone does not determine whether someone is mentally retarded. A person must also have trouble with everyday activities such as getting dressed, eating, or washing or learning basic reading, writing, and arithmetic skills.Mental retardation is not a disease itself. It cannot be cured and its not con

12、tagious (传染的). This condition can be caused by several things that injure the brain or don t allow the brain to develop normally. Many times we don t know why a person has mental retardation.Sometimes it may be caused by genes. Genes are chemical units found in every cell. They carry the instruction

13、s telling cells what to do. Sometimes, children receive abnormal genes from their parents.A defective gene may also develop spontaneously. Neither parent would have passed on the gene, but the gene changes before the baby develops.Some other problems that can cause mental retardation also happen bef

14、ore a child is born. It is important: for the brain to develop properly if a child is to have normal intelligence. “ Planning a pregnancy is the most important decision most of us will make in our lifetime. A healthy lifestyleand good medical care should begin before a woman becomes pregnant and con

15、tinue throughout the pregnancy, “says Jodi Rucquoi, a genetic counselor from Connecticut. If a woman abuses alcohol or drugs or doesn t eat well, there is a risk to the developing baby. Also, a premature birth or problems during childbirth can sometimes harm the baby “s developing brain. While prema

16、ture babies are generally fine, there is a greater chance that they may have mental retardation.In some cases, a young child can develop mental retardation after being sick with a serious infection or other illness, or after suffering a bad head injury.（分数：7.00）(1).The criteria for judging mental re

17、tardation are leyels of intelligence and daily living skills.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).A person of high intelligence will probably score above 110 on an IQ test.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Mental retardation is a disease itself and it is curable.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC

18、Not mentioned(4).Mental retardation is not very common in advanced countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).If children have mental retardation, it is always because they get abnormal genes from their parents.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Planning to become parents is the mos

19、t important decision for all the people in their lifetime.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Premature babies are more likely to get mental retardation.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Determination of Drug Abuse B. Measures against of drug abuse C. Dr

20、ug Testing in the Workplace D. Classification of Psychoactive Drugs E. Definition F. Depressants Functions（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion o

21、f workers who use drugs occasionally on the job B. determine exactly when simple drag use becomes abuse C. the 1920s until the 1960s D. the 1960s until the 1970s E. signals passing through the nervous system F. describe the phenomenon of drug use（分数：4.00）(1).Drugs that speed up 1 are called stimulan

22、ts.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).It is not always easy to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Estimates of employee drug use very greatly, ranging from 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent from 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Can Ne

23、w Doctors Be Harmflul to Your Health?Between the nerves, the unfamiliarity and the urge to impress, few people do themselves justice on the first day of a new job. When it comes to doctors starting out in emergency medicine, though, are patients lives being put at risk? According to research from Im

24、perial College London, the death rate among patients admitted to English hospitals on the first Wednesday in August -the day, traditionally, that newly graduated doctors take up their posts-was, on average, 6% higher than for those admitted the last Wednesday in July. An influx of new medical staff,

25、 in other words, just might be very, very bad for your health.In the university s study (the biggest of its kind so far), published Sept. 23 in PLoS One, the online scientific journal of the U. S. Public Library of Science, scientists analyzed close to 300,000 patients admitted to state - run hospit

26、als across England on those two Wednesdays from 2000 to 2008. The health of the patients, who were split evenly between the July and August admission days, was tracked for a week. While there was little difference between the crude death rates for each seven -day period, when researchers controlled

27、for the patients age, sex, socioeconomic status and secondary medical problems, the odds of dying was found to be 6% higher for those admired on the Wednesday in August. Among so - called medical achnissions - all those not suffering from cancer or requiring surgery -the odds were 8% higher. Should

28、patients be nervous? Scientists have for years been examining the patient risk associated with a change over of medical staff Smaller studies conducted over the past two decades in Britain and the U. S. -where researchers label it the “July phenomenon,“ after the month in which medical students usua

29、lly begin training-have often proved inconelusive.Even the “small but significant“ discrepancy highlighted by Imperial s study doesnt point to a particular cause. It s possible that patients admitted on the days junior doctors began work were simply in worse health than those taken in the week earli

30、er. Some hospitals may have been more reluctant to admit patients with less - serious problems on the days new staff started work, limiting the number of cases young medics had to deal with but increasing the concentration of acutely ill patients in the process. “So it may not necessarily be directl

31、y related to the quality of care, “says Paul Aylin, an epidemiologist at Imperial College London and senior author of the study.（分数：15.00）(1).On which day do newly graduated doctors take up their posts according to the passage?A. The last Wednesday in July BThe first Wednesday in August.C. The first

32、 day of AugusD. The last day of July.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is true of PLoS One according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It is a monthly scientific journal.B.It is an online scientific journal.C.It is all online medical journal.D.It is the same as the U. S. Public Library of Scienc(3).We can best repl

33、ace “odds“ in the third and fourth sentences in paragraph two with（分数：3.00）A.ratesB.numbersC.amountsD.decimals.(4).Which of the following is not true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.There was a big difference of death rates among the patients admitted to hospitals on the two Wednesdays.B.Scienti

34、sts have been examining the patient risk associated with medical changeover for many years.C.There was a difference of death rates among the patients admitted to hospitals on the two Wednesdays, but not big.D.Scientists are not sure yet whether there does exist a link between patient death rates and

35、 medial changeover.(5).Some hospitals are reluctant to admit patients with less serious problems probably because（分数：3.00）A.they don t have enough wards to hold a large number of patients.B.they want to offer their health care to more seriously ill patients.C.they want to make time for training thei

36、r new staff.D.they want to limit the number of cases that young medics have to deal wit六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Virus Linked to Prostate (前列腺) TumoursThe researchers from the University of Utah and Columbia University medical schools found the virus in 27% of the 200 cancerous prostates they looked at.

37、They say it was associated with more aggressive tumours and found in only 6% of non - cancerous prostates. The finding raises the prospect of one day producing a vaccine to protect against prostate cancer. This is the first report to link XMRV (Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus) to hum

38、an cancers.XMRV is a retrovirus like HIV which works by inserting a copy of its own DNA into the chromosomes (染色体) of a cell they infect. When this occurs to a gene that regulates cell growth, it can disrupt the normal development of the cell.Dr Helen Rippon, Head of Research Management at The Prost

39、ate Cancer Charity, said the research was intriguing (吸引人的) but posed several key questions about the role the infection plays in prostate cancer. He said: “ Around the world, extensive work is being undertaken to identify risk factors for prostate cancer which will enable treatments and tests for t

40、he disease to be refined. “It is critically important to identify key triggers of prostate cancer to improve early detection of the disease in men with potentially life threatening prostate cancer. “XMRV is known to cause leukemia (白血病) and other tumours in animals. Dr Ila Singh, who led the study f

41、rom the pathology department at the University of Utah, said: “We still dont know that this virus causes cancer in people, but that is an important question we are going to investigate. “Dr Chris Parker, Cancer Research UK s prostate cancer expert at the Institute of Cancer Research said: “This exci

42、ting study raises the possibility that the virus might contribute to the development of some prostate cancers. “In the future, if it turns out to he true, then we, could speculate about the possibility of vaccination to protect against prostate cancer, similar to the approach now used to prevent cer

43、vical cancer (子宫颈癌). /（分数：15.00）(1).What is XMRV?（分数：3.00）A.A kind of prostate cancer.B.A vaccine against prostate cancer.C.A kind of aggressive tumor.D.A virus found in some of cancerous prostates.(2).How does the XMRV work to damage the human health?（分数：3.00）A.To stop the development of cells.B.To

44、 make the development of cells quicker than norm.C.To disrupt the development of cells.D.To destroy the development of genes.(3).Which one is NOT right about XMRV?（分数：3.00）A.XMRV works in the same way as HIV does.B.XMRV can cause leukemia in animals.C.XMRV can cause some cancers in human.D.XMRV can

45、infect the chromosomes of a cell.(4).Why is it important to identify key triggers of prostate cancer?（分数：3.00）A.It will help develop a vaccine to stop the XMRV infection.B.It will make the detection of the disease with potential prostate cancer earlier.C.It will help cure animals with leukemia more

46、effectively.D.It will prove that XMRV contributes to the development of prostate cancer.(5).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The link between XMRV and human cancers is found out by researchers in two universities.B.It is the first time that researchers have discovered XMRV.C.There is

47、 no vaccine to prevent cervical cancer.D.There is a vaccine to prevent prostate cancer.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Job Woes, Health Blues?After Susan Joyce was laid off from Digital Equipment Corp. , she was horrified to hear of two suicides in her layoff group. Then she learned about a colleague who stabb

48、ed his wife to death and hung himself. “I worked with him for 10 years, maybe more,“ says Joyce. “He seemed like a nice guy.These cases may sound extreme, but being fired or laid off is undeniably one of life s biggest blows and can lead to clinical depression, violence and alcohol abuse, as well as

49、 strokes and heart attacks. Even the fear of losing a job produces more doctor visits and health worries. In short, the recent news about rising unemployment and job insecurity may be bad news for our health.Layoffs create a sense of hopelessness. Stress - related complaints such as insomnia and headaches tend to follow, lingering even after victims find new jobs, s