职称英语卫生类A级-6及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A级-6 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The book made a great impact on its readers.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power2.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.（分数：1.00）A.longB.never-endingC.boringD.extensive3.Accompanied by cheerful music, we began

2、 to dance.（分数：1.00）A.pleasantB.colorfulC.fashionableD.different4.Dont irritate her, shes on a short fuse today.（分数：1.00）A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.protect5.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.（分数：1.00）A.playB.sendC.showD.tell6.We must abide by the rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persis

3、t inC.safeguardD.apply7.Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.（分数：1.00）A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.indicates8.From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.（分数：1.00）A.positionB.point of viewC.knowledgeD.opinion9.The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.（分数：1.00）A.hairlessB.bareC.

4、emptyD.bald10.He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.（分数：1.00）A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.competent11.I notified him that my address had changed.（分数：1.00）A.informedB.observedC.mockedD.misled12.The manager allocate duties to the clerks.（分数：1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.ask

5、D.order13.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.interesting14.She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous15.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.（分数：1.0

6、0）A.challengedB.assumedC.deductedD.decreed二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B，如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BSpare a Kidney?/BIt is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney t0 a loved one, but the number of Americans who hav

7、e given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.There are many reasons. First, its possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.)In addition a kidney from a

8、 live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using 1aparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the dono

9、r from six weeks to four weeks.Just because you do something, however, it doesnt mean you should, Donating a kidney means under- going an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly cant pretend that youre better off with one kidney ins

10、tead of two.So, what are the risks? “As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding，Of infection，Of vein clots in the legs Or a hernia at the incision，”says DrArthur Matas，director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center

11、in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.Theres no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipients insurance normally covers your operation and

12、 immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donors suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications(禁忌征候)are heart disease, diabet

13、es and high blood pressure.Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organno matter if youre healthy. “Theres often the feeling that youre not a good friend, father, mother if you dont do this,“ says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvanias center

14、for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a “medical problem“ on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they cant say no.（分数：7.00）(1).From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 2419.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).Why the number o

15、f kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).There exist risks if a person donates a kidney.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).None Of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 19

16、94 to 1998 died from the procedure.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).Selling organs is illegal, so no one does it in the U.S.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).People with heart disease, diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWro

17、ng C.CNot mentioned(7).If a person is healthy, he or she should donate an organ to those who need help.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 27 段名其中 4段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。BScreen Test/B1Every y

18、ear millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year，21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain

19、 screen women under 50.2But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial，partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3Researchers at the Polytechnic Uni

20、versity of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiolog

21、ical Protection Board(NR- PB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5The researchers argue that the level of radiation-

22、induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme，they say，detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer fro

23、m radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique“ for breast cancer screening.7“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic be

24、nefits of breast screening and its risks.“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution.“0n the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation ex

25、posure should be minimized in any screening programme.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 7_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).If discovered early, breast cancer may _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Medical benefits of screening the younger wo

26、men are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Advantages of screening women under 50 are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Radiation on exposure should be _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，没篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BB Pool Watch/BSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail

27、to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseid

28、on that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months

29、 says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. Al software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the

30、shadow of someone being east onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around.“ says McQuade.The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does

31、the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.To pick out potential d

32、rowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the softwares “pre-alert“ list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not

33、 a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pools floor texture when viewed from over-head. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen.The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe. Buckinghamshire. One man

34、 who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming poolsand he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,“ he says. But he adds that any local authority sp

35、ending 30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.（分数：15.00）(1).A1 means the same as（分数：3.00）A.an image.B.an idea.C.anyone in the water.D.artificial intelligence.(2).What is required of AI software to save a life?（分数：3.00）A.It must be able to

36、swim.B.It must keep walking round the pool.C.It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.D.It can save a life within a few months.(3).How does Poseidon save a life?（分数：3.00）A.He plunges into the pool.B.It alerts the lifeguard.C.He cries for help.D.It rushes to the pool.(4).Which of the followi

37、ng statements about Trevor Baylis is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.He runs.B.He invented the clockwork radio.C.He was once an entertainer.D.He runs a company.(5).The word “considered“ in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“thought“.B.“rated“.C.“regarded“.D.“believed“.B第二篇/BBEat to Live/BA meager(

38、不足的)diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that

39、some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation(恢复活力)wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize(新陈代谢)drugs or get rid of toxins(毒素).S

40、pindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes fro

41、m the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production(自由基)probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like yo

42、ung genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.“This is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly,“ says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D.

43、C.No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,“ he says.If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient

44、at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off(交换)is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,“ he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, its sti

45、ll hard to go to a restaurant and say: “I can only eat half of that.“Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is tru

46、e?（分数：3.00）A.Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B.We dont need to go on a diet.C.A meager diet may be fun.D.We have to begin dieting from childhood.(2).How many mice were compared in Spindlers experiment in one group?（分数：3.00）A.3.B.6.C.9.D.12.(3).What can be inferred about the experime

47、nt?（分数：3.00）A.Completely normally fed mice will not experience free radical production.B.Mice dieting in old age are not prone to diseases.C.Mice dieting all their lives live longer.D.Dieting doesnt play any role in slowing down aging.(4).The researchers studied the mice.（分数：3.00）A.to tell us how mi

48、ces liver genes behave.B.to encourage people to diet to be healthy.C.to try to make it work in people.D.to describe the influence of old age on mice.(5).According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that（分数：3.00）A.dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.B.seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal.C.calorie restriction is very important to young people.D.drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.B第三篇/BB15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder/BSocial anxiety disorder prev