职称英语卫生类A级分类模拟10及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A级分类模拟 10及答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：10，分数：12.00)1.The mountains look glorious at sunrise.（分数：1.00）A.invitingB.magnificentC.appealingD.pleasing2.I can no longer tolerate his actions.（分数：1.00）A.put up withB.acceptC.takeD.suffer from3.The economy continued to exhibit signs of de

2、cline in September.（分数：1.00）A.playB.showC.sendD.tell4.We are certain that he will get over his illness.（分数：1.50）A.sureB.happyC.surprisedD.excited5.His sole motive was to make her happy.（分数：1.00）A.aimB.argumentC.capabilityD.pursuit6.These programs are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.natural

3、B.fatalC.tinyD.enormous7.He“s spent years cultivating knowledge of art.（分数：1.50）A.sharingB.usingC.denyingD.developing8.The nursery is bright and cheerful .（分数：2.00）A.pleasantB.cleanC.peacefulD.large9.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.questionB.problemC.titleD.to

4、pic10.America“s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.endangeredC.endorsedD.enlarged二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Spanish Flu EpidemicIf you“re worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in

5、the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people. Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold. Normally, influenza only ki

6、lls those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick. However, the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia(肺炎). The Spanish Flu was

7、quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe, devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging(蹂躏)the Earth, it disappeared as quickly as it bad arisen. Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some

8、believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started, eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease, with a glob

9、al mortality rate(死亡率) estimated at 2.5% of the population. Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The war did not help at allthe moveme

10、nt of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form of biological warfare. L

11、uckily, the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.（分数：7.00）(1).The Spanish Flu started during World War I._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Spanish Flu posed a greater threat to the old and the sick._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not men

12、tioned(3).As the Spanish Flu was spreading, people in Australia were worried._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Spanish Flu disappeared two years after it broke out._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The Spanish Flu was named after the place where it started._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wr

13、ongC.Not mentioned(6).About half of the people in the world suffered from the Spanish Flu._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Biological warfare originated in the 20th century._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Ebola Outbreak1 You are likely aware that seve

14、ral countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus. 2 To date, there are only th

15、ree major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting t

16、he virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting

17、 symptoms is communicable. 4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. Mo

18、re uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body“s inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and i

19、mpairs the body“s normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)

20、 are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world“s most fatal viral infections. Ebola“s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Am I at risk of contracting the virus? B. Is the current outbreak the deadliest? C. How do I know if I have contracted the virus? D. What areas are currentl

21、y affected? E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body? F. What caused the Ebola outbreak? Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).A. infected body fluids B. against the outbreak severity C. the mode of transmission D. the initial days o

22、f being infected E. three countries in West Africa F. within a wide range of days The initial Ebola outbreak was found in 1.（分数：1.00）(6).The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The Ebola vi

23、rus transmits by contact with 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A New Cause of SufferingA conference on obesity (肥胖症) was recently held in Vienna. Two thousand experts from more than fifty countries attended the conference. According to statistics, 1.2 billion people worldwi

24、de are overweight, and 250 million are too fat. Obesity is rapidly becoming a new cause of suffering. Professor Friedrich hopichler of Salzberg said: “we are living in the new age but with the metabolism (新陈代谢) of a stone-age man. I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza

25、 (比萨饼) shop is appearing on every corner. We have been occupied by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.“ Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: “Eighty percent of all diabetics (糖尿病人) are too fat, also fifty percent of all patients with high blood pressure and

26、fifty percent with fatty tissue complaints. Ten percent more weight means thirteen percent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one“s weight by ten percent leads to thirteen percent lower blood pressure.“ Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financin

27、g of preventive programs. “The health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index (身体质量指数) is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.60 meters. One should start earlier.“ Toplak said that prevention should be

28、gin in school. “Child obesity has a close relation with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.“（分数：15.00）(1).How many people are suffering from obesity in the world?（分数：3.00）A.250,000,000.B.25,000,000.C.1,200,000,000.D.120,000,000.(2).The United States is cited as a country where _.（分数：3

29、00）A.obesity is not a problem at allB.you can find many new thingsC.terrible things happen all the timeD.it is easy to buy fast food(3).According to the article, obesity is associated with all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.high blood pressureB.fatty tissue complaintsC.stomachacheD.heart disease

30、4).Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on _.（分数：3.00）A.surgeryB.fat peopleC.preventive programsD.state health services(5).In Toplak“s opinion, the more time a child spends watching TV _.（分数：3.00）A.the better he will do in his studiesB.the more likely he will get too fatC.the le

31、ss likely he will get too fatD.the more friends he will have at school六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Listening to BirdsongA male zebra finch (雀科鸣鸟) chirps (鸣) away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird nearby. He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the dif

32、ference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference. Sc

33、ientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female (and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used. For this study, researchers Sa

34、rah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe, at the University of California, San Francisco, decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past. In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male

35、zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert. Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn“t. The females shifted around a bit, and

36、 then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they“d never met the male. Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their

37、 mate. They spent more time listening to the concert version of their mates“ songs, this suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize and prefer the songs of their mates. Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up (活跃起来) when the bir

38、ds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them. This research deals with what“s called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is

39、the way morns speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter (喋喋不休), and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the f

40、ollowing is true about birdsongs?（分数：3.00）A.Female zebra finches are too shy to sing before males.B.Male zebra finches sing louder than females.C.Female zebra finches like to listen to unknown males sing.D.Male zebra finches change their songs to attract females.(2).What did the researchers find in

41、their study of female zebra finches?（分数：3.00）A.Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates.B.Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.C.Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers.D.Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates.(3).What i

42、s meant by “concert songs“ in paragraph 7?（分数：3.00）A.Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert.B.Songs sung by female finches for male finches.C.Songs sung by male finches to female finches.D.Songs sung by male finches to many female finches.(4).What does the expression “directed communication“ mean

43、in the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.The message sender has a specific audience.B.The communicator sends messages to himself.C.Two communicators send messages to each other.D.Mothers talk to their babies in their mother tongue.(5).Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage?（分数：3.00

44、A.Chirping away.B.Birdsongs as communication.C.Zebra finches and their life.D.Frequencies of birdsongs.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Shark Attack!Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to se

45、e a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow,“ says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn“t heard a thing. In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark“s teeth. He then slid off

46、 the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below. Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is

47、factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length

48、and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reas

49、ons that allow people to escape without being eaten. The most common explanation is that great whites don“t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that