职称英语卫生类A级模拟63及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 A级模拟 63及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.They agreed to modify their policy.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.changeC.defineD.develop2.As a writer, he turned out three novels that year.（分数：1.00）A.refusedB.readC.producedD.accepted3.Tears of anguish filled her eyes.（分数：1.00）A.annoyan

2、ceB.angerC.distressD.depression4.God is believed to be omnipotent .（分数：1.00）A.all-powerfulB.everlastingC.importantD.extraordinary5.The company recommended that a new gas station be built here.（分数：1.00）A.orderedB.insistedC.suggestedD.demanded6.It is absurd to predict that the sun will not rise tomorr

3、ow.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.foolish7.Doctors are required to keep patients“ records completely confidential .（分数：1.00）A.detailedB.secretC.accurateD.confident8.We consume a lot more than we are able to produce.（分数：1.00）A.wasteB.buyC.useD.sell9.You have to be patient if you want to sustain y

4、our position.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.establishC.acquireD.support10.She gave us an ambiguous answer.（分数：1.00）A.apparentB.unclearC.appallingD.indifferent11.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.（分数：1.00）A.calmB.upsetC.steadyD.severe12.It was very thoughtful of you to mak

5、e all the necessary arrangements for us.（分数：1.00）A.conservativeB.considerateC.romanticD.independent13.A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.（分数：1.00）A.freedomB.assistanceC.cluesD.funds14.The accident has not done any permanent damage.（分数：1.00）A

6、temporaryB.lastingC.mobileD.sticky15.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to shrink .（分数：1.00）A.disappearB.expandC.breakD.contract二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good night“s rest. It“s a huge quality-of-life problem,

7、experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults. “Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging,“ said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount

8、Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. “It“s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.“ Yet in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine , researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. O

9、lder people tend to have “sleep fragmentation“, meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammck, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University. They also seem to get less “REM“ sleep, the type of sleep during whi

10、ch rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added. It“s unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a person“s quality of life, Bloom said. “What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,“ he said. And, experts say

11、 there is usually more than one cause. “Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,“ said Michael V. Vitiello, a

12、professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington“s Northwest Geriatric Education Center. Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and “hypersomnia“, or being tired all the time, Bloom added. Another big probl

13、em, he noted, is depression and anxiety. “Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.“ Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients aren“t getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are u

14、nderdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom said.（分数：7.00）(1).Sleep problems can seriously affect one“s quality of life.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Younger people in America seldom comp

15、lain of sleep disorders.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).“Sleep fragmentation“ refers to a marked lack of “REM“ sleep.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The causes of sleep proble

16、ms in older people remain unidentified.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Washoe Learned American Sign Language1An animal that influenced scien

17、tific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American sign languag

18、e. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. 2Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe“s progress in

19、 a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like,“ Who is coming to play?“ Once the news abo

20、ut Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. 3However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never devel

21、oped true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe“s keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washi

22、ngton. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. 4Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chim

23、ps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. 5Debate continues about chimps“ understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Reason why not many scie

24、ntists carry out this research nowadays B. Report about Washoe“s progress in learning sign language C. General information about Washoe D. The Gardners“ contributions recognized E. Debate on chimps“ intelligence F. Washoe“s love for three young chimps（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph

25、3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Washoe could make signs to communicate 1. A. if the Gardners“ argument was sound B. because she was cleverer than other chimps C. when she wanted to eat D. while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E. because she could use sign language to ask for fru

26、its F. while Washoe was learning sign language（分数：1.00）(6).Some scientists doubted 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)IQ-geneIn the angry debate ove

27、r how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London“s Institute

28、 of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a “smart gene“, you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years earlyand still score at Princeton-caliber levels. Th

29、e scientists found what they sought. “We have,“ says Plomin, “the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence.“ Plomin“s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103

30、 All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child“s chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average

31、 group32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science , concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin“s group fell for “c

32、hopsticks fallacy“. Geneticists might think they“ve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all they“ve really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin“s IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. “What is t

33、he gene that they“ve found reflects ethnicity?“ asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. “That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child“s environment.“ And Neil Risch of Standford University poin

34、ts out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg: “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt.“（分数：15.00

35、1).In the beginning of Paragraph 1 we are told that scientists can not agree _.（分数：3.00）A.how much of IQ comes from intelligenceB.how many children inherit genes from parentsC.how much of IQ comes from genesD.how many children learn by experience(2).What does “some“ in the second sentence of Parag

36、raph 1 stand for?（分数：3.00）A.Parents.B.Children.C.Experiences.D.Genes.(3).A gene for chopsticks flexibility is found to be _.（分数：3.00）A.unrelated to the ability to use chopsticksB.related to the ability to use chopsticksC.unrelated to the ability to use forksD.related to the ability to use forks(4).P

37、lomin“s IQ-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that _.（分数：3.00）A.there may not be a causal link between gene and intelligenceB.there is a close correlation between gene and intelligenceC.there may be a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and children“s academic scoreD.t

38、here is not a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and children“s academic score(5).What does Feinberg mean by saying “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt“?（分数：3.00）A.He would consider them while eating his meals.B.He definitely believes the findings.C.He would consider the

39、m while shopping for salt.D.He doubts the findings very much.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Liver DiseaseThe liver is the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It processes what you eat and drink into energy and nutrients your body can use. The liver also removes harmfu

40、l substances from your blood. One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease. Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States. There are more than 100 liver diseases. Viruses cause some of them, like hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Others can be the resu

41、lt of drugs, poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness, it“s called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You should also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis. Liver disease can manifest in many ways. Characteristic manifestations include

42、 jaundice, liver enlargement, portal hypertension and etc. Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are not obvious. For example, symptoms may include fatigue, a general feeling of illness, loss of appetite, and mild weight loss. However, people may not notice these symptoms, and these symptoms

43、 are also typical of many other diseases. Thus, liver disease can easily be overlooked, particularly in its early stages. Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus). Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV. Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are: not

44、sharing needles; practicing safe sex; not Sharing razors, toothbrushes, or other personal items; using only clean needles for fattoos and body piercings. There is no vaccine to prevent HCV. The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood. Eating a healthy diet and exercisi

45、ng regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink. When medicines are taken incorrectly, the liver can be harmed. So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver, even

46、if they are not taken at the same time. Toxins can injure liver cells. So limit direct contact with toxins from cleaning and aerosol products, insecticides, chemicals, and additives in cigarettes. Do not smoke.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：3

47、00）A.Top ten causes of death in the US include liver disease.B.10% of Americans die of liver disease.C.10% of Americans suffer from liver disease.D.Over 100 liver diseases exist.(2).The word “manifest“ in Paragraph 3 can be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.causeB.happenC.showD.disappear(3).Unobvious s

48、ymptoms of liver diseases may include the following signs EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.tirednessB.loss of appetiteC.nauseous feelingD.slight weight loss(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It is not harmful when alcohol and medicines are not taken at the same time

49、B.It is wise not to share personal items so as to stop the spread of HBV.C.Hepatitis C vaccination is the best way to prevent HCV.D.We cannot use products with toxins like insecticides.(5).The main purpose of this passage is to let people know _.（分数：3.00）A.liver is a very important organ in our bodyB.liver disease is wide spread in the USC.there are many types of liver diseases and some are easily overlookedD.the cause, symptoms of liver diseases and some tips on prevention七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Iron DeficienciesSports medicine experts have observed for yea