职称英语卫生类B级-11及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 B级-11 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical2.They had a far better Uyield/U than any other farm miles away around this year.（分数

2、1.00）A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest3.We should contemplated the problem from all sides.（分数：1.00）A.deliberatedB.thoughtC.describedD.designed4.The interview took place around the kitchen table and was very causal.（分数：1.00）A.formalB.informalC.regularD.irregular5.We should never content ourselves with

3、 only a little knowledge.（分数：1.00）A.convinceB.satisfyC.comfortD.benefit6.They are worried about their capacity to invest in the future.（分数：1.00）A.capitalB.abilityC.expenseD.reality7.I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.（分数：1.00）A.intended toB.tended toC.extended toD.pretended to8.As a m

4、atter of fact. I love soft music more than popular music.（分数：1.00）A.basicallyB.probablyC.actuallyD.accurately9.The government is debating the education laws.（分数：1.00）A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining10.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get

5、 rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint11.He invested a considerable amount of money in the project.（分数：1.00）A.immenseB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic12.The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.（分数：1.00）A.quickenB.shortenC.loosenD.enlarge13.The most crucial problem any eco

6、nomic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.（分数：1.00）A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent14.His health had Udeteriorated/U while he was in prison.（分数：1.00）A.became betterB.became worseC.became strongerD.became weaker15.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has prote

7、cted farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.（分数：1.00）A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择 B项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择 C项。B Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer/BScientists are planning to use human immu

8、nodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes

9、into patients bodies, according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene

10、therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have “far wider applications“.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it

11、involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking“ but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.I

12、llnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been kno

13、wn to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense ceils designed to protect our bodies and t

14、his makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies.（分数：7.00）(1).FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely

15、 accepted.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only il the deadly genes have been removed.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the bodys immune cells.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.

16、C. Not mentioned(5).Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).T

17、he HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)14 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 25 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第 58 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的位置上。BThe Paper Chase/B“Running a house is a lot l

18、ike running a business.“ says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:Create

19、 a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you cant devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling f

20、ile cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.When in doubt, throw it out. The first step to implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you dont use, dont need, or that you could easily access again elsew

21、here. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings youll never have an opportunity to use or even read.Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesnt fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. K

22、eep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills-one to correspond with each bill-paying day-and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.Think of your filing system not as a rigi

23、d tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyones needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: “where would I look for this?“ Create main headings for you

24、r filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Stepha

25、nie Denton is expert_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Coupons should be thrown away because_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).“Mentally flexible“ indicates the fact_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每道题后面有 4个选项。

26、请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB Giving Up Smoking/BA number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine (尼古丁) patches axe small, nicotine-containing adhesive (黏着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodst

27、ream. Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed.The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoking and easily admis

28、sion to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the US Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine (可卡因), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim.The United States government has collected a specia

29、l tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark.In the United States, the first dir

30、ect action to check smoking was the regulation of a warming on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read: “Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.“ In 1971 all ciga

31、rette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following can help a person quit smoking?（分数：3.00）A.Using nicotine patches.B.Reading cigarette advertisements.C.Chewing o

32、rdinary gum.D.Participating in social activities.(2).Nicotine gum is used to help a smoker（分数：3.00）A.stop smokingB.reduce weightC.clean his teethD.absorb nicotine immediately(3).The benefits of giving up smoking include all the following EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.the reduction of expensesB.the formation of

33、 a good habitC.the reduction of harm to ones healthD.easier access to institutions that ban smoking(4).Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful?（分数：3.00）A.Consuming alcohol.B.Using heroin.C.Smoking cigarettes.D.Taking cocaine.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as

34、a step to control smoking?（分数：3.00）A.Collecting a special tax on cigarettes.B.Forbidding smoking in all public places.C.Banning cigarette advertising from radio and TV.D.Requiring a warning on each cigarette package.B第二篇/BB Common Problems, Common Solutions/BThe chances are that you made up your min

35、d about smoking a long time ago-and decided its not for you.The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers-there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.And finally its a pretty safe bet that youre open-minded and interested in all the

36、various issues about smokers and nonsmokers-or you wouldnt be reading this.And those three things make you incredibly important today.Because they mean that yours is the voice-not the smokers and not the anti-smokers- that will determine how much of societys efforts should go into building walls tha

37、t separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together. For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker a

38、s well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on “education“ (much of it in anti-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate

39、 people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only tempo

40、rary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve societys interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.（分数：15.00）(1).W

41、hat does the word“ wall“ used in the passage mean?（分数：3.00）A.Anti-smoking propaganda.B.Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.C.Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.D.Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.(2).In paragraph 4, “you“ refers to（分数：3.00）A.smokersB.nonsmokersC.anti-smokers

42、D.smokers who have quitted smoking(3).It is evident that the author is not in favor of（分数：3.00）A.building a wall between smokers and nonsmokersB.doing scientific research at the expense of ones healthC.bringing smokers and nonsmokers togetherD.proving accommodation for smokers(4).As is suggested, th

43、e common solution to the common problem is_.（分数：3.00）A.to separate people from peopleB.to work together in mutual accommodationC.to make us more keenly aware of choiceD.to serve societys interests better(5).According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders actions_.（分数：3

44、00）A.optimisticallyB.pessimisticallyC.unconcernedlyD.skepticallyB第三篇/BB High Stress May Damage Memory/BAccording to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood Ievels of cortisol dont score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormo

45、ne. Whats more. high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, “healthy“ range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results “now

46、provide substantial evidenee that long - term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans,“ write Nada Porter and Philip Land field of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial. Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by th

47、e adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys.Over a 5 to 6-year period, Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most of Whom were in their 70s.Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants could be divided into three Subgroups

48、 those whose corfiso progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high): those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate (decreasing/moderate).The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems comp