职称英语卫生类B级-16及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Diffusion is the spontaneous spreading of matter caused by the random movement of molecules.（分数：1.00）A.pattern1essB.whirlingC.constantD.rampant2.Jane didnt like our plan, so she countered it.（分数：1.00）A.answeredB.opposedC.re

2、jectedD.replaced3.He had merely come out for a stroll. （分数：1.00）A.walkB.runningC.lookingD.pleasure4.He has luxurious habits of throwing money about like dirt.（分数：1.00）A.extremeB.extravagantC.extricateD.extraordinary5.Your hair is so tangled that it looks as if it has not been combed for a month.（分数：

3、1.00）A.mix upB.moisturizingC.disorderedD.settle6.The sun encourages the growth of plants.（分数：1.00）A.inspiresB.helpsC.stimulatesD.stirs7.When apprentices in colonial America satisfactorily completed their training periods each received two sets of apparel as a graduation gift.（分数：1.00）A.clothesB.cred

4、entialsC.wagesD.tools8.Her judgement is warped, biased because of possible advantage for herself.（分数：1.00）A.capableB.reasonableC.twistedD.obvious9.Five years ago he was a fabulously wealthy man, but now he was penniless.（分数：1.00）A.incrediblyB.marvelousC.moderatelyD.necessarily10.Mrs. Smith looked pu

5、zzled about what her husband said just now.（分数：1.00）A.excitedB.confusedC.conqueredD.consented11.He refused to accept the job for various reasons.（分数：1.00）A.all kinds ofB.embarrassedC.difficultD.varied12.We entertained the guests with a detailed description of the party.（分数：1.00）A.treatedB.amusedC.en

6、suredD.provided13.Charles Goodyears discovery of vulcanized rubber began when he inadvertently spilled a mixture of rubber and sulfur on a hot stove.（分数：1.00）A.experimentallyB.unceasinglyC.incompetentlyD.accidentally14.The criminal gave us a long chase before we caught him.（分数：1.00）A.trialB.pursingC

7、pursuitD.running15.The old lady let her flat to an English couple.（分数：1.00）A.offeredB.providedC.rentedD.sold二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。Suppose you make your parents so happy, they decide to have ano

8、ther baby just like you. It might be flattering(讨人喜欢的), but how would you feel about having a little brother or sister who is also your twin?A laboratory experiment conducted last fall suggests it may someday be possible. For the first time ever, scientists made exact copies, or clones(克隆), of a hum

9、an embryo.Although the embryos grew for only six days, cloned embryos could theoretically be implanted in a womans womb(子宫)and develop into normal babies. Or they could be frozen and implanted years later.The scientists developed their cloning technique to make it easier for childless couples to hav

10、e babies by in vitro(在体外的)fertilization. In this procedure, sperm(精子) from the man fertilizes an egg from the woman in a laboratory dish.In most case, doctors must try implanting several embryos before one stays in the womb. Cloned embryos would give them many more embryos to implant.But the techniq

11、ue could also be used for other purposes. Parents might freeze embryos cloned from their children so that they could be replaced if any of them died. The clones would also be ideal donors if the children needed organ transplants.Another possibility: Childless couples could go to a bank of frozen emb

12、ryos and choose a child just like one whos already living. Some people are concerned that these couples might pick only beautiful, successful children.The ethical dilemmas(困境)of cloning have not yet been discussed fully because the public assumed it was a long way off. Many people are calling for(要求

13、提倡)controls on cloning immediately before the practice is abused. What do you think?（分数：7.00）(1).In an experiment conducted last autumn, scientists made exact copies of a human embryo for the first time.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).The scientists developed their cloning tech

14、nique to make it easier for childless couples to have babies by in vivo fertilization.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).After the egg is fertilized the nucleus begins dividing.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The technique is just used for providing embryos.（分数

15、1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The technique can make a dead person alive.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).The ethical dilemmas of cloning has prevented it from further developing.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).There is a delicately balanc

16、ed relationship between the state of the pre-germ cell nuclei and the position in which they find themselves.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为规定段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

17、1.Tranquilizers calm a person by acting on the nervous system. They belong to a group of drugs called anti-anxiety and hypnotic drugs. Such drugs formerly were referred to as depressants.2. There are two types of tranquilizers-anti-psychotic drugs and anti-anxiety drugs. Anti-psychotic drugs are use

18、d to treat patients with severe mental illness psychose. Antianxiety drugs are used to treat various emotional problems, particularly anxiety.3. Physicians prescribe anti-psychotic drugs to treat a mental illness that is characterized by illogical, unpredictable thinking. The drugs reduce the confus

19、ion and excitement experienced by the patient. Anti-anxiety drugs relax the muscles and reduce tension. They are prescribed mainly for the treatment of anxiety. Physicians also use anti-anxiety drugs to calm children who must undergo surgery.4 .Tranquilizers calm a person without causing much drowsi

20、ness if taken in a small enough dose. Larger doses may make the user sleepy as well as calmer. However, even the use of mild tranquilizers over a long period of time may make the user dependent on these drugs. Besides, some tranquilizers have undesirable side effects. They may cause muscle weakness

21、and general fatigue. In addition, tranquilizers may cause drowsiness, especially if a person drinks alcoholic beverages before or after taking the drugs. A per- son should not drive a motor vehicle for several hours after taking a tranquilizer.5. Therefore, physicians usually prescribe a small doze

22、of tranquilizers at a time. Patients who suffer from insomnia have to visit physicians from time to time for the medicine. Drugstores do not sell tranquilizers to people without the physicians prescription. You must have heard of stories about individuals taking an excessive dose of tranquilizers to

23、 commit suicide. Tranquilizers must be taken in accordance with the physician s instructions.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A typical symtom of a mental disease is_. A. they can no longe

24、r obtain（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Anti-anxiety and hypnotic drugs were formerly refered to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Anti-anxiety drugs are used to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Because a large dose of the medicine may kill the taker, physicians usually（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5

25、道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。 B第一篇/BThe Hammersmith Hospital in West London, home of the Royal Post-graduate Medical School has been the scene(发生地点) of many innovations in medicine. It is now home(中心地,根据地) to the most expensive and ambitious medical technology project ever

26、in Britain, which this year will make the Hammersmith the worlds first fully digital hospital. The paper-free office brought about by computerization and modern information technology is familiar to(为所熟悉) many office workers today. It has taken longer for the same technology to be applied to medical

27、 imaging(医学影像学), because of the immense computing power and high cost o the equipment required.But now the Hammersmith is becoming the first hospital in which all imaging data- X-rays, ultrasonic ,CT and MRI images-are stored not on cumbersome, inflammable films but as digital data on optical discs.

28、 The first consequence of this can be seen in the air-conditioned computer room in the new building, where two compact(坚实的,结实的) cabinets each about as tall as a man and 0.6m wide are ready to store every X-ray and scan made at the Hammersmith in the next 16 years on optical discs(光盘).Space saving is

29、 the most obvious but not the most important advantage of the digital h6spital. A consultant conducting a clinic with a workstation linked by fibre optics(光纤) to the data store has no need of cumbersome trolleys loaded with patients X-rays. The new technology considerably reduces the exposure to ion

30、izing (电离的) radiation needed to get pictures doctors need, corresponding to reducing the slight but inevitable health risk that come with repeated X-rays.X-rays record their images on fluorescent(荧光的) plates, lasers read off and store the data and the plates are wiped clean to use again. This requir

31、es less radiation than conventional(常规的) imaging. The ability to enhance imaging also reduces the need for extra exposures.Another advantage is that any stored image can be sent to any of the hospitals 138 workstations in four seconds(soon that will come down(降落) to two seconds). Soon it will be pos

32、sible to send it direct to other hospitals, or to computer screens in GPs(全科医生) clinics.PACS(图像存档通讯系统) is the most expensive single medical technology project ever funded in UK. Most of the money has come from the Department of Health, which has realized that it will benefit patients at the Hammersm

33、ith Hospital and those referred from elsewhere, in terms of(按照) better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment.Another technique uses radio a belled(用放射性同位素示踪的) white blood cells to guide doctors to the sites of hidden abscesses(脓肿) or other trouble spots.In the most innovative technique of all,

34、interventional(干预的,介入的)radiology, doctors use tiny instruments at the ends of fine catheters(导管), inserted deep into the body under local anaesthetic, to perform a growing amount of microsurgery, viewed by surgeonsand patients if appropriatein extremely clear detail. Every scrap(碎片,段) of unwanted im

35、age is electronically edited off the screen by the computer.The Hammersmith Hospital is also pioneering interventional radiography, in which doctor carry out microsurgery at the same time as they image the patients organs in minute detail. The blocking or unblocking of arteries to prevent damage due

36、 to bleeding or thrombosis(血栓形成) is among the conditions now being treated in this way.（分数：15.00）(1).The Hammersmith Hospital_.（分数：3.00）A.is located in the west of LondonB.takes the lead in medical innovationsC.has more advanced and modern medical technology than any other hospital in Britain.D.all

37、of the above(2).A “digital hospital “means_.（分数：3.00）A.diagnosis and treatment are conducted by computers.B.all imaging data are stored as digital data on optical discs.C.X-ray, ultrasonic, CT and MRI images are kept by the patients.D.all imaging data are stored on cumbersome, inflammable films.(3).

38、At the Hammersmith Hospital,_.（分数：3.00）A.every patient must take a CT scan.B.space saving is the most important advantage.C.there is no need of storing patients X-rays on the films.D.all patients X-rays will be stored for 16 years.(4).Any stored image at the Hammersmith can be sent to_.（分数：3.00）A.an

39、y of the hospitals workstationsB.other hospitalsC.computer screens in GPs clinicsD.all of the above(5).What can you infer from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Few hospitals have equipment as modern as the Hammersmith Hospital in the world.B.Digital hospitals are becoming popular in the world now.C.Japan and

40、the US are the most advanced countries in medicine.D.Better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment are what the researchers seek for.B第二篇/BThe primary consideration in achieving a balanced diet is not how much or how little we eat, but what we eat. The body is a highly complex self-generator, th

41、at is to say, provided it is given the right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding off disease. Like any other machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently used, it will become rusty, sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. T

42、he proper care of the body requires an understanding of its needs, allowing for variations resulting from climate, age or occupation. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodies burn food like fuel to produce

43、 the energy we need. Basically we need carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, together with regular but not excessive exercise.Carbohydrates are found in foods such as bread, potatoes and sugar. They are excel- lent energy producers, but if eaten too excess may be largely converted to f

44、at and a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates or “starchy foods is one of the obvious ways to reduce weight, since most of us eat too much of them anyway. Protein, found in meat and cheese, is used for tissue building and in the developed countries most people eat about ll0g daily, which is a go

45、od deal more than the recommended minimum of 70g a day. In underdeveloped countries where food is scarce and periodical famine may occur, children in particular suffer from protein deficiency, since this is the material most need- ed for growth. Animal fats, e. g. butter, are also good sources of en

46、ergy, but are some- times held to cause increased cholesterol levels in the blood (which may lead to fatty de- posits in the arteries) and are therefore best avoided by people suffering from certain forms of heart disease, vegetable fats being recommended as a substitute.Vitamins are another essenti

47、al requirement for health. There are about forty known vitamins, but the most generally referred to are A, B, C, D and E. Deficiency of Vita- min A, found in carrots, liver, etc. , is alleged to affect the vision and the skin and re- duce resistance to infection. Vitamin C, present in nearly all fru

48、it, particularly oranges and other citrus fruit, has come to be regarded as particularly effective in the prevention of colds and low energy states and claims have recently been put forward regarding the efficacy of large doses of Vitamin C in the treatment of certain mental illnesses.Among the mine

49、rals we need, the most important are calcium, iron and iodine. Milk is one of the richest sources of calcium, which helps to build our bones and our teeth. Lack of iron in the blood produces anaemia and children and others suffering from anaemic conditions are generally advised to increase their intake of iron, which may be found in liver