职称英语理工类A类-补全短文专项突破及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语理工类 A 类-补全短文专项突破及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、补全短文(总题数：4，分数：100.00)American DreamsThere is a common response to America among foreign writers: the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a clich (陈词滥调) In the land of black and white, people

2、 should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. (1) No class system or government stands in the way.Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fu

3、ndamental shift in the structure of the American economy.The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. (2) Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 percent, however, it has gone up 200 percent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Am

4、ericans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. (3) Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969. (4) This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The w

5、ealthiest 1 percent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 percent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world.Yet the tax burden on Americas rich is falling, not growing. (5) There was an eco

6、nomic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.ANobody is poor in the US.BThe top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.CFor upper class families they have

7、 risen 41 percent.DNow it is 9.8 times.EAs it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.FAll one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_GarlicFrom early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of

8、it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. (1) They also thought it would keep them from get

9、ting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. (2) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they cant pass germs on to each other.(3) What if youre in a play, for instance? Actors ha

10、ve been known to forget their lines because they couldnt stand the garlic smell on a fellow actors breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. (4) We now know why. Its

11、 been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all dep

12、ends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. (5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be deliciou

13、s. Its not strong at all.ABut no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help much.BAs a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.CThey say it may help in one way, though.DMany people eat garlic.EBut keeping your distance can be hard at times.FThey hoped it would keep away the evi

14、l eye.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Read With Greater SpeedDo you have difficulty reading in class? If so, a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.At least one out of every five elementary school students in the U.S. has trouble learnin

15、g to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. (1) Researchers from Yale University, U.S. , studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State. As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring.Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizing how

16、 written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). (2) By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.As part of their study, the researchers used a spe

17、cial machine to take action photos of the students brains.(3) This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structure rem

18、ains inactive. A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gone through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests. (4) However, some researchers still doubt the study. (5) AMany adults are interested in matching sounds with letters.BThe

19、 students also practiced reading aloud and spelling.CThe biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters.DAnother group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didnt show the same progress.EThe pictures showed an increase in activity

20、 in the back of the brain on the left side.FThey believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most

21、 people, it just doesnt seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room.Under the right conditions, peoples minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盘问) is enormous. (1) “

22、The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise its impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didnt do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess. “Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conduc

23、ted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didnt do. (2) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the “alt“ key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlichs findings clear

24、ly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. (3) Of the 15-to-16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to-13-year-olds.“Theres no question that young people are more at risk

25、 says Saul Kassin. a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results.Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire “interrogation“ in their experiments consisted of a simple accusationnot hours of aggressive questioningand still, most participants falsely

26、 confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. (5) AIn her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the “alt“ key, because doing so would crash th

27、e systems.B“In some ways,“ says Kassin, “false confession becomes a rational decision. “C“Its a little like somebodys working on them with a dental (牙齿的) drill,“ says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.D“But adults are highly vulnerable too. “EHow could an

28、innocent person admit to doing something he didnt do?FRedlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_职称英语理工类 A 类-补全短文专项突破答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、补全短文(总题数：4，分数：100.00)American DreamsThere is a common response to

29、 America among foreign writers: the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a clich (陈词滥调) In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the

30、American Dream offers a way out to everyone. (1) No class system or government stands in the way.Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and wid

31、ened. (2) Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 percent, however, it has gone up 200 percent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. (3) Inequalities have grown worse in different r

32、egions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969. (4) This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 percent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans l

33、iving in poverty. At 12.7 percent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world.Yet the tax burden on Americas rich is falling, not growing. (5) There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has no

34、t worked in reality.ANobody is poor in the US.BThe top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.CFor upper class families they have risen 41 percent.DNow it is 9.8 times.EAs it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.

35、FAll one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：GarlicFrom early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. Th

36、ey cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. (1) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people ta

37、ke garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. (2) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they cant pass germs on to each other.(3) What if youre in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they could

38、nt stand the garlic smell on a fellow actors breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. (4) We now know why. Its been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick t

39、o the teeth, tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good sou

40、p with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. (5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. Its not strong at all.ABut no medicine, mouthwash,

41、chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help much.BAs a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.CThey say it may help in one way, though.DMany people eat garlic.EBut keeping your distance can be hard at times.FThey hoped it would keep away the evil eye.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：

42、填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：Read With Greater SpeedDo you have difficulty reading in class? If so, a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.At least one out of every five elementary school students in the U.S. has trouble l

43、earning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. (1) Researchers from Yale University, U.S. , studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State. As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring.Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizi

44、ng how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). (2) By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.As part of their study, the researchers used

45、 a special machine to take action photos of the students brains.(3) This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structu

46、re remains inactive. A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gone through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests. (4) However, some researchers still doubt the study. (5) AMany adults are interested in matching sounds with letter

47、s.BThe students also practiced reading aloud and spelling.CThe biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters.DAnother group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didnt show the same progress.EThe pictures showed an increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side.FThey believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：填空项 1:_