职称英语理工类A级真题2016年及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语理工类 A级真题 2016年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.（分数：1.00）A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever2.The latest car model embodies the new research development.（分数：1.00）A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens3.The coastal area has very mild

2、 winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.（分数：1.00）A.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry4.She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.（分数：1.00）A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer5.He wore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.（分数：1.00）A.oldB.bigC.newD.s

3、mall6.The weather was so gorgeous that many people went outing.（分数：1.00）A.uncontrollableB.pleasantC.cloudyD.unbearable7.Competitors must abide by the judge“s decision.（分数：1.00）A.keepB.readC.understandD.obey8.The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket.（分数：1.00）A.seriouslyB.clever

4、lyC.attentivelyD.carefully9.Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.（分数：1.00）A.especiallyB.whollyC.totallyD.fairly10.His answers were obscure and confusing. A. unclear B. obvious C clear D. direct （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The way she looked after her young sister was really touching .（分数：1.00）A.di

5、sturbingB.connectingC.movingD.waving12.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.（分数：1.00）A.stableB.suitableC.changeableD.adaptable13.They have built canals to irrigate the desert.（分数：1.00）A.decorateB.changeC.visitD.water14.The details of the costume were totally authentic .（分数

6、1.00）A.outstandingB.realC.creativeD.false15.The new garment fits her perfectly.（分数：1.00）A.clothesB.haircutC.purseD.necklace二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous

7、social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He wa

8、s the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today. The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge

9、 of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel. When the second breach (决口) occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted. While recovering from his in

10、juries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second c

11、ontest was held and Brunel“s design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated (加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel“s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fi

12、tting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehic

13、les a year.（分数：7.00）(1).Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Brunel worked only on sh

14、ipping, bridge-building and railway construction.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Brunel“s work was largely ignored by his colleagues.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Brunel became

15、an apprentice with his father when he was very young.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Geothermal (地热) Energy1 Since heat natura

16、lly moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth“s center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma (岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth“s s

17、urface. It often remains well below the earth“s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth“s surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this a

18、scending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable (不可渗透的) rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir (储存处). If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce elec

19、tricity in geothermal power plants. 2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello

20、in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today. 3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash“ steam plants or binary (双重的) plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700 Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one o

21、r two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it “flashes“ or boils into steam. Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to ma

22、intain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again. 4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power

23、the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Recyclable water and steam B. Binary plants C. Flash steam plants D. Generation of electricity E. Origin of geothermal energy F. Dry steam plants（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2

24、1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under 1. A. hot springs B. impermeable rock C. little or no water D. turbine operator E. one or two separators F. the energy to turn a turbine（分数：1.00）(6).A dry-steam reservoi

25、r produces steam with 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Flash plants produce hot water through 1.（分数：1.00）(8).In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world,

26、 he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games. But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes

27、 are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) but also for being a symbol of international commerce. When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft (选拔), he was the first internati

28、onal player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enoughno NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人) for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and

29、 as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China. When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折) in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across China. After considerable debate and discus

30、sion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao h

31、as vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics. Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM“s benefits, although new research from the Uni

32、versity of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair. “There is no reason to dismiss TCM,“ Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It“s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don“t think that it“s short on science.“（分数：15.00）(1).T

33、he word “towering“ in Paragraph 1 means _.（分数：3.00）A.largeB.fatC.tallD.great(2).Opponents find it very difficult to control. Yao Ming because of his _.（分数：3.00）A.assaultB.mobilityC.defenseD.celebrity(3).Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because _.（分数：3.00）A.he wanted to make a more

34、rapid recoveryB.his right foot had been hurtingC.the surgical operation had been a failureD.he couldn“t afford all the medical expenses(4).Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.He is an NBA player.B.He fractured his left foot.C.He missed the Athens Olympics.D.He is an international f

35、igure.(5).In general, the Western experts“ attitude towards TCM is _.（分数：3.00）A.indifferentB.positiveC.doubtfulD.negative六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Deforestation and Desertification (沙漠化)The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs (热带大草原) of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. Th

36、e word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these semi-arid (半干旱) lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad. Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwa

37、rds eating into once productive Sahel lands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same proce

38、ss of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa. One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazingkeeping too many farm anima

39、ls on the landmeans that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivationtrying to grow too many crops on poor landresults in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into

40、 desert. Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins

41、 to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile topsoil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust. The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of

42、 tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mall funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management of forest, while at the same time providing

43、a viable (有活力的) agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.（分数：15.00）(1).The Sahel zone is an area which _.（分数：3.00）A.is covered with sand and grassB.has a long historyC.occupies much of South NigeriaD.belongs to Sudan(2).What is the situation abou

44、t the desertification in Africa?（分数：3.00）A.The deserts are replaced with grasslands.B.The deserts are expanding.C.The deserts are moving northwards.D.The deserts are being deserted.(3).The word “deteriorated“ in Paragraph 2 means _.（分数：3.00）A.deepenedB.sufferedC.slippedD.worsened(4).What is the root

45、 cause of desertification?（分数：3.00）A.Poor farming.B.Overpopulation.C.Radical climate change.D.Disappearance of rare plant species.(5).In order to prevent desertification, the author proposes _.（分数：3.00）A.making good use of international aidsB.developing a sustainable agricultural economyC.gaining in

46、ternational supportD.converting agricultural land into forest七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) they released wiped out life with greater ease. Paul Wignall from the Unive

47、rsity of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the mass

48、ive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the “killing efficiency“ for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava (熔岩) that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effec

49、tive at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. The Permian (二叠纪) extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes (十亿吨) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera (种类) at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic ac