职称英语理工类B级-14及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语理工类 B 级-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. A. a steady B. a plentiful C. an extra D. a meager（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.We shall take the treasure away to a safe place. A. clean B. pretty C. distant D. secure（分数：1.00）

2、A.B.C.D.3.Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages. A. crudely B. rarely C. originally D. symbolically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.I dont quite follow what she is saying. A. observe B. understand C. explain D. describe（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest qua

3、lity. A. demand B. rely on C. prepare for D. create（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. A. velocities B. impulses C. ratios D. atrocities（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle app

4、ointments. A. assign B. persuade C. ask D. order（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Gas does accumulate in the mines around here. A. increase B. spread C. collect D. grow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches. A. conventionally B. ob

5、viously C. especially D. inevitably（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. A. slight B. surprising C. sudden D. harmful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician. A. d

6、octor B. professor C. physicist D. resident（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State. A. a unity B. a division C. an embassy D. an invasion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Her behavior is extremely childish. A. simple B. immature

7、C. beautiful D. foolish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The childs abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor. A. bad B. frightening C. repeated D. unusual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production. A. step up B. decrease C. stop D. control（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分

8、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityIve always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, Ive loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I

9、 sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a chunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a comput

10、er on every desk and in every home,“ which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, Im still as inspired by computers as I was back in seven

11、th grade. I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldnt solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the worlds knowle

12、dge. Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work“. My job a

13、t Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work“ is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetimes worth of photos, and they say, “I didnt know you could do that with a PC!“But for

14、 all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases t

15、hat are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that

16、 the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives.Im still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the worlds toughest problems is possible and

17、its happening every day. Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.Im excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inv

18、entiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing in all these area in my life.（分数：7.00）(1).A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popular

19、ity of computers for his lifetime.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work“.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).To Bill Gates mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poors children and the death of the richs ch

20、ildren.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.（分数：1.00）A

21、RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A A new pair of earsB Computers that can communicateC Everlasting consciousness on a computerD Time to break off a friendsh

22、ipE An author and researcherF A new pair of eves（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A what you sayB apair of sunglassesC the listening machineD a visual sensorE who have disabilitiesF living forever

23、in a computer（分数：4.00）(1).Ray Kurzweil works with computers to help people_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Ramona is able to understand_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Blind people will be able to see the world with_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).People without hearing problems may also be interested in using_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分

24、阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Longer Lives for Wild ElephantsMost people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators dont exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age.But matter may not be

25、true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become infertile or unable to have babies.To learn more about how captivity affects elephants, a te

26、am of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made i

27、t possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps, ov

28、er approximately the same time period.The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years-more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, t

29、hey lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.Scientists dont yet know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity may be to

30、blame. Zoo elephants dont get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were

31、 more likely to die earlier than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatene

32、d and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations, which doesnt appear to be the case with elephants.“ Currently, zoos alert consumers of elephants, not net producers,“ Mason says.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, unlike other zoo anim

33、als, zoo elephants_.（分数：3.00）A.have difficulty eating foodB.live to a ripe old ageC.are not afraid of predatorD.develop health problems(2).Which of the following about the international scientists research on the life spans of elephants is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.They compared zoo elephants with wild el

34、ephants.B.They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.C.They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.D.The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.(3).What do the scientists find in their research?（分数：3.00）A.Female elephants live longer than male elepha

35、nts.B.Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts.C.Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts.D.Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the same long life spans.(4).What are the possible causes of stress and obesity zoo-raised elephants generally suff

36、er from?（分数：3.00）A.They do not like living in herds.B.They do not get enough exercise.C.They do not live with their families.D.Both and .(5).Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.B.Elephants are no lon

37、ger an endangered species.C.Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.D.Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Light Night, Dark StarsThousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight,

38、 or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, theyre lucky to see 150 stars.If youve

39、ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, youve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates the night sky. This haze of light makes many stars invisible to peopl

40、e on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. “If one city has a lot more light pollution than another,“ Ward says, “that city will suffer

41、 the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale.“Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring the faint light given off by di

42、stant stars. And if scientists cant locate these objects, they cant learn more about them.Light pollution doesnt only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. Its clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. Theres increasing evidence, for example, that migrat

43、ing birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr., a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina “When light occurs at night,“ he says, “it has a very disruptive influence.“ Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high-rises, and cables from radio and telev

44、ision towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.（分数：15.00）(1).When can people see 14,000 stars?（分数：3.00）A.When they have a fairly good telescope.B.When they are in a large city.C.When the night sky is clear of clouds, moonlight and artificial lights.D.When the night sky

45、 is without haze and fo(2).Which of the following statements is NOT related to light pollution?（分数：3.00）A.A haze of light is formed from artificial lights such as streetlights and building lights.B.Lights from different sources in the city stream into space and illuminate the night sky.C.The night s

46、ky is illuminated by the lights from big glowing cities in the night.D.Stargazing becomes difficult because there is a layer of haze in the air.(3).Does the writer think growing cities affect astronomers work? Why does he think so?（分数：3.00）A.Yes. Because the once dark rural areas are polluted by lig

47、hts.B.No. Because they can still see stars in rural areas.C.Yes. Because rural areas are not a good place for astronomers to study stars.D.No. Because faint light given off by stars can still be seen on a clear night.(4).How does light pollution affect wildlife? Which of the following is NOT correct

48、分数：3.00）A.Animals may go off course due to the attraction of artificial lights.B.Animals might be attracted by artificial lights to go into cities.C.Artificial lights at night may make migrating birds lose their way.D.Attracted by artificial lights, birds fly into lighted buildings.(5).Which of th

49、e following is closest in meaning to the title“Light Night, Dark Stars“?（分数：3.00）A.The night sky is light colored and stars are black.B.Lights appear at night and stars are seen in the dark.C.City lights illuminate the night sky and make stars invisible.D.City lights at night illuminate stars in the sky.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：