职称英语理工类B级-43及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语理工类 B 级-43 及答案解析(总分：628.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You look Usmart/U in the new suit. A. clever B. handsome C. loyal D. brave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.He hasnt the funds to Ucarry out/U his design. A. make B. keep C. change D. implement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I was Uastonished/U at the

2、 news of his escape. A. amused B. amounted C. amazed D. approached（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Its almost 5 oclock, time to Uquit/U. A. increase B. stop C. continue D. keep（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Do you Ufollow/U what I am saying? A. change B. investigate C. write D. understand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The boys Ubroke/U

3、into excited cheering. A. burst B. blasted C. burned D. blazed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.China does Ua lot of/U trade with many countries. A. a great deal of B. a great many of C. a large number of D. a great level of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.An old friend Ucalled on/U me the day before yesterday. A. telephoned B.

4、 rang C. visited D. saw（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We are going to have the TV Ufixed/U. A. prepared B. mended C. cleaned D. arranged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I am heartily Ugrateful/U to your help. A. helpful B. hateful C. delightful D. thankful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.She Ueventually/U married the most persistent one

5、 of her admirers. A. in a way B. in due course C. in the end D. in any case（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Five minutes left, the Uoutcome/U of the match was still in doubt. A. result B. judgment C. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The reporter was accused of unprofessional Uconduct/U. A. movement B. words

6、C. principle D. behavior（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.He made a Uconsiderable/U sum of money in real estate. A. large B. positive C. powerful D. realistic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.A crowd Ugathered/U to see what had happened. A. collected B. fixed C. divided D. assisted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：49.

7、00)Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean QuakeScientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulation

8、s and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. “We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,“ said Ms. Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. S

9、cientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produce

10、d a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview.Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large ea

11、rthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to

12、Dubrovnik. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.（分数：49.00）(1).The fault, which was overlooked before, has been

13、 closely studied by scientists. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Radiocarbon dating techniques can be used to identify the age of the earth. A. Right B.

14、 Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction. A. Ri

15、ght B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being wi

16、dely used in the world. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：64.00)Smoke Gets in Your Mind1. Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease, birth defectswe are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concernmental ill

17、ness. According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite litter, drive you to despair.2. The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may w

18、orsen or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia.3. Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 p

19、ercent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.4. But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up

20、smoking, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister is going on.5. A growing number of researchers cla

21、im that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. “We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,“ says Naomi Breslau, director of research

22、at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6. Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 percent who began the study with major depressi

23、on were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of d

24、eveloping major depression during the five-year period smoking, and it seems, could pre-date illness.7. At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more

25、 convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.8. One of these larger studies was led by Goodman, a pediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of

26、 8,704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month. After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous exp

27、erimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking

28、peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. “Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms.“9. Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack an

29、d three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers. Its a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit, not when they smoke. But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in gene

30、ral, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.（分数：64.00）(1).Paragraph 3 _. A. Doubt about the Usual Belief B. Researchers Opinions Divided C. Positive Effects of Smoking as Advertised D. Close Association Between Depression and Smoking E. Breslaus Conclusion Supported by Ano

31、ther Larger Study F. Effect of Smoking on Mental Health Initially Proved（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 6 _.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 8 _.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(5).Nowadays many doctors have become aware that smoking is not only a hazard to peoples physical health _. A.

32、 have been proved to be misleading B. but to their mental health as well C. taking up smoking D. involved fewer people E. they started to smoke at an early age F. but their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(6).The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe

33、 anxiety _.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(7).Breslaus study _ than Goodmans but lasted longer.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(8).To contradict Breslaus conclusion, many smokers say that they are less anxious when they smoke _.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：75.00)Invisibility RingScientists cant

34、 yet make an invisibility cloak(斗篷) like the one that Harry Potter uses. But, for the first time, theyve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves.When a person “sees“ an object, his or her eye senses many different waves of visible

35、 light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize these sensations and reconstruct the objects original shape. So, to make an object invisible, scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise, t

36、he absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away.Invisibility isnt possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves(微波). Like visible light, microwaves are a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum(电

37、磁波频谱), which also includes radio waves, infrared light, ultraviolet rays, X rays, and gamma rays. The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light.The scientists new “invisibility device“ is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like a ring.

38、 The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves strike the ring, very few bounce off it. Instead, they pass through the ring, which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to their original paths.To a detector set up

39、to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring, it looks as if the waves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So, the ring is effectively invisible.When the researchers put a small copper loop inside the ring, it, too, is nearly invisible. However, the cloaking devic

40、e and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only for microwaves, not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So, Harry Potters invisibility cloak doesnt have any real competition yet.（分数：75.00）(1).Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientis

41、ts _. A. can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses B. try to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses C. try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses D. know that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Wha

42、t is true of microwaves? A. Their wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light. B. Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light. C. They are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy. D. They are visible to the human eyes.（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is NOT t

43、rue of the invisibility device? A. It is made of a special material with unusual ability. B. Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it. C. Microwaves pass through it when they strike it. D. It bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side.（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do

44、es the word “coaster“ mean in the passage? A. A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top. B. A vessel engaged in coastal trade. C. A roller coaster. D. A resident of a coastal area.（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Harry Potters invisibility cloak doesnt have any real competition yet,

45、because A. scientists have not found out how his cloak works B. the cloaking device is a total failure C. the cloaking device works only for microwaves D. the cloaking device works only for visible light（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：75.00)Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk DriversA concept car

46、 developed by Japanese company Nissan has a hreathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road.The cars sensors(传感器) check odors(气味) inside the car and monitor a drivers sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system can iss

47、ue an alert or even lock up the ignition(点火) system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver and passenger seats, while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the drivers palm.Other carmakers have developed similar detec

48、tion systems. For example, Swedens Volvo has developed a breathalyzer attached to a cars seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start.Nissans new concept vehicle(交通工具) also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks drivers alertness by monitoring their eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a sp