职称英语理工类B级-45及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语理工类 B 级-45 及答案解析(总分：586.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.A new system of quality control was Ubrought/U in to overcome the defects in the firms products. A. invested B. introduced C. installed D. insisted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The old concerns lose importance and some of them Uvanish

2、/U altogether. A. develop B. disappear C. link D. renew（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The government is Udebating/U the education laws. A. discussing B. defeating C. delaying D. declining（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Jack packed up all the things he had a accumulated over the Ulast/U ten years. A. future B. far C. past D.

3、 near（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The most Ucrucial/U problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. A. puzzling B. difficult C. terrifying D. urgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The city has decided to Udo away with/U all the old buildings in its center. A. get rid of B. set up C. repair D. paint

4、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.During the past ten years there have been Udramatic/U changes in the international situation. A. permanent B. powerful C. striking D. practical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is Uout of the question/U that the inspector will come tomorrow. A. impossible B. possible C. probable D. likely（分数：

5、1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Techniques to Uemploy/U the energy of the sun are being developed. A. convert B. store C. use D. receive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from Udamaging/U drops in grain prices. A. slight B. surprising C. sudden D. harmf

6、ul（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The manager Uallocates/U duties to the clerks. A. assigns B. persuades C. asks D. orders（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The once Ubarren/U hillsides are now good farmland. A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is Upostulated/U that a cure for the disease will have been

7、 found by the year 2020. A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We must abide by the rules. A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny. A. position B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion（分数：1

8、.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The National TrustThe National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the

9、 Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places

10、of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth- century house to the Trust together with the 4,500-acre park and

11、estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trusts “Country House Scheme“. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last

12、year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.In addition to country houses and open spaces, the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thou

13、sand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres

14、 of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big

15、 and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic

16、and cultural heritage.（分数：7.00）(1).The National Trust is financed by both personal donations and government allocations. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).British peoples dependence on the National Trust to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest

17、 has been increasing. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Lord Lothian was one of the founders of the National Trust. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The Trusts “Country House Scheme“ provides an easy access for the public to 150 old houses or so. A. Right B

18、. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A project which is to fortify a 16th century old house but keep its original style will not be approved by the National Trust. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The public may enter in a wood under the protection of the National Trust

19、 without paying any money, but they are not allowed to bring in canned food and beverage. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The National Trust helps promote tourism in Britain. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：64.00)Soot and Snow: a

20、 Hot Combination1. New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.2. Soot in the higher latitudes of the Ear

21、th, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.3. Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and

22、 ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier,“ said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Stu

23、dies, New York.4. Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in

24、the atmosphere above the oceans and land.5. “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,“ Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds clim

25、ate. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon- dioxide forcing of the same magnitude,“ Hansen noted.6. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary

26、 cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing rest of this century.7. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consist

27、ent with the researchers climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.（分数：64.00）(1).Paragraph 3 _ A. Soots Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere B. Observations of Warming in the Northern Hem

28、isphere C. Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot D. Effort to Reduce Snow Albedo E. Ways to Reduce Soot Emission F. Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 6 _（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 7 _（分数：8.00）填空项 1:

29、_(5).In the twentieth century, soot _. A. produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude B. contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming C. can produce greenhouse gases D. absorb more of suns energy and warmth than white background E. still surpass soot

30、 in warming the worlds climate during the last century F. can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(6).Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases _.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(7).Black soot covered snow and ice _.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(8).A soot forcing is unusually effective, which _.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:

31、_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：75.00)Common-cold SenseYou cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread

32、of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adultsan average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much

33、 more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to itbut only it.Colds are usually spread by direc

34、t contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another persons hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.H

35、ygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene wont ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?The old prescription of two aspirins, l

36、ots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But youll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.（分数：75.00）(1).According to the essay, you may have a cold because _. A. the weather is too cold B. the spread of rhin

37、oviruses gets people infected C. another persons coughing passes the cold to you D. you wash your hands too often（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is _. A. to keep yourself clean B. to use a disinfectant soap C. to take two aspirins every day D. to drink lots of

38、water（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Children have more colds because _. A. they are usually infected about eight times each year B. they are not immune to many cold viruses yet C. they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty D. they dont like eating lemon（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When you are h

39、aving a cold, _. A. it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time B. it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time C. it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time D. it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(5).When one

40、 is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT A. coughing B. having a sore throat C. having a runny nose D. having a stomachache（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：75.00)Urban RainforestOn the west side of the island of Manhattan in New York City, tree by tree, leaf by leaf,

41、 a 2,500 square foot sector of the Central African Republics Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to, or recreated at, the American Museum of Natural Historys new hall of biodiversity. When the hall opens this May, visitors will visit one of the worlds biggest and most accurate reproduction

42、of one of natures most threatened creations.To bring the rainforest to New York, a team of nearly two dozen scientiststhe largest collecting expedition the museum has ever organized for an exhibitspent five weeks in the African rainforest collecting soil, plants, and leaves; recording and documentin

43、g species; studying trees; shooting videotape and still photos; and interviewing local people. “This area has been explored very little,“ says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180 mammals, more than 300 species of birds, hundreds of butterflies, and hundreds

44、 of thousands, if not millions, of organisms. The exhibition may even have produced a special prizescientists suspect they have uncovered several new species.To give the forest a sense of realness, the back wall of the exhibit is an enormous videoscreen, sounds will come out from hidden speakers, an

45、d plans even call for forest smells. Computer controls will vary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same.After the team returned to New York, the forest was reproduced with the help of the computer. Computer Modelling Programmes plotted distances and special relationshi

46、ps. Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to life. Plaster trees were made. Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of the hall. Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling. The light in the forestone of the exhibits cleverest recreationswill seem real. Long tube lights will ha

47、ve the correct colour and temperature to produce a natural effect. The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally in a perfect balanceremove one, and the whole is imperfect if not endangered. The exhibit is proof to the hope that the worlds rainforests will never exist solely a

48、s a carefully preserved artifact.（分数：75.00）(1).What is this passage mainly about? A. The history of the American Museum of Natural History. B. The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum. C. Visitors interest in the rainforest reproduction at a New York museum. D. Saving rainforests in the Cent