职称英语理工类B级真题2008年及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语理工类 B 级真题 2008 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.She found me very dull.（分数：1.00）A.dirtyB.sleepyC.lazyD.boring2.The President made a brief visit to Beijing.（分数：1.00）A.shortB.workingC.formalD.secret3.He was persuaded to give up the idea.（分数：1.00）A.mentionB.acceptC.con

2、siderD.drop4.Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day.（分数：1.00）A.eatsB.drinksC.buysD.produces5.Mary just told us a very fascinating story.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.frighteningC.difficultD.interesting6.Its a gorgeous day anyway.（分数：1.00）A.lovelyB.coldC.normalD.rainy7.Her life is becoming more diverse.（分数：1.00

3、）A.generousB.humorousC.variedD.romantic8.Foreign military aid was prolonging the war.（分数：1.00）A.broadeningB.worseningC.extendingD.accelerating9.She was unwilling to go but she had no choice.（分数：1.00）A.unableB.indecisiveC.readyD.reluctant10.She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles.（分数：1.00）A.s

4、ickB.weakC.slimD.pale11.With immense relief, I stopped running.（分数：1.00）A.someB.enormousC.littleD.extensive12.The scientists began to accumulate data.（分数：1.00）A.collectB.handleC.analyzeD.investigate13.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.（分数：1.00）A.hitB.passedC.reachedD.led14.Sometimes it is advi

5、sable to book hotels in advance.（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.wise15.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.（分数：1.00）A.factB.mysteryC.statementD.game二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BTh

6、e Need to Remember/BSome people say they have no memory at all: “I just cant remember a thing!“ But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use In the present of what we have learnt in the past.in fact we have different types of memory. For example

7、, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture.Our verbal (言语的) memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written

8、: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe.With our emotional (情感的) memory, we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical movements

9、.We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than

10、short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance (记忆) of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We t

11、hen make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past or maybe victims needing sympathy (同情).（分数：7.00）(1).Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(2).Visual memory m

12、ay be used when we read a story.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Net mentioned(3).Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Net mentioned(4).Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(5).Animals de not have a

13、long-term memory.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(6).Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(7).Generally we remember only a few facts about the past.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2

14、 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。BThe Supercomputer Network/B1 Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can “talk“ to each other. This may no

15、t seem very dramatic news, but it Is the beginning of a development that will Increase the power of the Internet tremendously.2 The Internet Is an Interconnected (互联) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that

16、 you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download (下载) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be v

17、ery difficult.3 The new development in information technology has been called “the grid“ (网格技术), and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The “grid“ will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your comp

18、uter. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.4 One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant.

19、The “grid“ will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.5 The “grid“ can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and “he“ wil

20、l do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the “grid“ that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.6 At p

21、resent, possible applications of the “grid“ in scientific research are being explored While It has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the “grid“ could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on “grid“ projects

22、are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.A. How does the “grid“ work?B. Power sharedC. Just make a requestD. Limitations of present Internet useE. Distance is not a problemF. A new are for the Internet（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数

23、：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. the bigger computer stations B. the advantage C. ten years D. information E. your personal assistant F. fifteen years 27.Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:

24、_(6).The “grid“ will enable you to get on your computer the power of _ in the world.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The “grid“ would be like _, who can perform your tasks efficiently.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid“ will become possible in the next _. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第

25、 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BBSunspots/BIts not surprising that sunspots (太阳黑子) were observed by ancient astronomers (天文学家). The largest sunspots on the sun can be seen without a telescope. It was not until the invention of the telescope (望远镜) in the

26、early 17th century, however, that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken. The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots.Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields (磁场) found on the suns surface. A sunspot has a dark Central cor

27、e known as the umbra. The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra, where the magnetic field spreads outward. SunSpots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation. They are cooler than the rest of the suns surface.Sunspots are frequently observed in pairs or in paired groups

28、. The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot. They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in which the sun rotates (旋转).The number of sunspots at any one time varies. A large spot group may consist of as many as 10 groups and

29、300 spots across the sun. The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle. The largest number occurs about every 11 years. At sunspot minimum, there are at most just a few small spots.The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation, whi

30、ch is about 25 days. The most persistent large spots, however, can survive for two to three months.（分数：15.00）(1).Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspots（分数：3.00）A.were made by ancient astronomersB.started in the early 17th centuryC.were made by Galileo onlyD.could be made without a t

31、elescope(2).Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the suns surface because（分数：3.00）A.they produce less energyB.they are buried in the sunC.they are faraway from magnetic fieldsD.they are close to magnetic fields(3).The leading spot and the following spot are the names of（分数：3.00）A.two large sunspotsB

32、.a large spot and a small spotC.the two spots in a spot pairD.the central core and the ring around if(4).If an intense sunspot activity had occurred in 1857, the next one would have been in（分数：3.00）A.1858.B.1862.C.1865.D.1868.(5).In the last paragraph the word “persistent“ means（分数：3.00）A.importantB

33、.effectiveC.enduringD.visibleB第二篇/BBWhere Have All the Bees Goner/BScientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives (蜂巢) and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse (群体瘫痪) disorder. It is reported tha

34、t 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the US have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen (花粉) f

35、rom flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits.Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. They hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappear

36、ance in the future.It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what a healthy bee

37、 should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,“ he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,“ Evans says. It may be that a parasite (寄生虫) is damaging the bees digestive org

38、ans. Their immune (免疫的) systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Fl

39、orida Department of Agriculture. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide (杀虫剂) affects the honeybees nervous system and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,“ he says.If it turns out that a disease is contribut

40、ing to colony collapse, bees genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the groups genetic diversity. So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic

41、diversity in colony collapse, but its a promising theory, says Evans.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain?（分数：3.00）A.Honeybees are flying all across the countryB.Half of the honeybees in the US have diedC.Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not returnD.Honeybe

42、e hives are in disorder(2).Researchers are seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder because（分数：3.00）A.honeybees help produce one-third of the foods we eatB.parasites on bees may spread everywhereC.honeybees cannot find enough food elsewhereD.honeybees feed on flowers(3).Wh

43、ich of the following is a possible cause of the colony-collapse disorder?（分数：3.00）A.Population explosionB.Decreasing number of flowers aroundC.Genetically modified productsD.Diseases and chemicals(4).Which of the following explanations is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon?（分数：3.00）A.Bee-keepers

44、 do not understand the honeybees behaviorB.A certain type of chemical destroys the honeybees nervous systemC.Honeybees are infected by unwanted insectsD.Some crops are poisonous to the honeybees(5).The word “diversity“ in the last paragraph means（分数：3.00）A.varietyB.makeupC.disorderD.distinctionB第三篇/

45、BBA Tale of Scottish Rural Life/BLewis Grassic Gibbons Sunset Song (1932) was voted“ the best Scottish novel of all time“ by Scotlands reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotlands poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, fi

46、lm, TV and radio in recent decades.The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War t. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.Grassic Gibbon gives us

47、the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine (女主人公). We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by, her cruel but hard- working father; experience tragedy (her mothers suicide and murder of her twin children) and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see he

48、r marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddies long history, in a language that imitates the places changing patterns of speech and writing.The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybod