职称英语理工类C类-阅读理解专项突破及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语理工类 C 类-阅读理解专项突破及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：12，分数：100.00)Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuelsthough some electric vehicle and biofuel rese

2、arch aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been dangerous. One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you dont miss important road signs or fall asleep. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety d

3、evelopments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through“ big vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal (脚踏) controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with saf

4、ety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations (创新). Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause man

5、y traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyones personal chauffeur (司机),

6、 but their latest efforts suggest that wont be soon.（分数：10.00）(1).To reduce car crash rate, many scientists are working hard toAdesign fully automatic cars.Bdevelop faster electric vehicles.Canalyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.Dimprove the safety of cars and develop new fuels.（分数：2.00）

7、A.B.C.D.(2).According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen due toAheavy traffic.Bhuman mistakes.Cengine failure.Dbad weather.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?AWindscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.BRada

8、rs that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.CDevices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.DImprovements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Satellite tracking and remote communication systems can be used toAreduce oil consumption.Bremove the obstacles on th

9、e road.Ccall for help when ones car crashes.Dhelp drivers get out of a traffic jam.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?AIt will take some time before robotic drivers are available.BRobotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.CRobotic drivers c

10、an never replace human drivers.DRobotic drivers are too expensive to use.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Good Table MannersManners play an important part in making a favorable impression at the dinner table. Here are some general rules.Napkin (餐巾) useThe meal begins when the host unfolds his or her napkin. This is

11、 your signal to do the same, so place your napkin on your lap. Unfold it completely if it is a small napkin, or in half, lengthwise (纵向地), if it is a large dinner napkin.If you need to leave the table during the meal, place your napkin on your chair as a signal to your server that you will be return

12、ing. Once the meal is over, place your napkin neatly on the table to the right of your dinner plate. Do not refold it.Use a napkin only for your mouth. Never use it for your nose, face or forehead.Use of utensils (餐具)Start with the knife, fork or spoon furthest from your plate, and work your way in,

13、 using one utensil for each course.If soup is served, remember to spoon away from yourself. This helps stop the drips. Do not put the entire soup spoon in your mouth. Instead, fill a soup spoon about 75 percent with soup, and sip (啜饮) it from the side noiselessly.After finishing dinner, place the kn

14、ife and fork parallel to one another across the plate with the knife blade facing inward toward the plate.Using your fingersHeres a list of finger foods: sandwiches, cookies, small fruits or berries with stems, French fries and potato chips, and hamburgers.Chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed and dont m

15、ake noise; dont talk with your mouth full.Bread must be broken with your hands. It is never cut with a knife.Dont pick something out of your teeth. Instead, excuse yourself to the bathroom.If possible, try not to cough at the table.Do not put your elbows (肘) on the table. In France, it is essential

16、to have both hands above the table at the same time.Do not put bones or anything else on the table. Things that are not eaten should be put on your plate.（分数：10.00）(1).Where is the napkin normally placed during the meal?AOn your chair. BOn the table.COn your lap. DOn your plate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).

17、The napkin is used only forAyour forehead. Byour mouth.Cyour nose. Dyour face.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which utensil is used first?AThe knife.BThe fork.CThe spoon.DThe one farthest from the plate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).All of the following are finger foods exceptAsoup. Bsandwiches.Ccookies. Dhamburgers.（分

18、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following shows good table manners?ATalking with your mouth full.BPutting bones on your plate.CPutting your elbows on the table.DChewing with your month open.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum (石油) provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs,

19、mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel (矿物燃料). Natural gas reserves could fill some of the gap from oil, but reserves of that will n

20、ot last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. “Renewable“ refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be re

21、placed.Hydroelectric (水力发电的) power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas Three Gorges Dam is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines (涡轮机) will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power s

22、tations. It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand.In 2003, the first commercial power station to use tidal (潮汐的) currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill (风车), but others take the form of turbines.As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing

23、type of electricity generationquadrupling (翻两番) worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms.

24、 They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally harmlessthey can interfere with radar, alter climate and kill sea birds. Scotland is building Europes largest wind farm, which will power 200,000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate

25、 one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is the most polluting energy resource?APetroleum. BCoal.CNatural gas. DWater.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Chinas Three Gorg

26、es DamAis the first hydroelectric dam in the world.Bis of the same size as the USs Hoover Dam.Ccan generate around 3% of world electricity.Dis the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which country took the lead in making use of tidal currents to produce power in 2003?AThe UK.

27、 BChina.CNorway. DThe US.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).One of the problems with wind farms is thatAthere is not enough wind.Bwind is not reliable.Cthey can only be built on the sea.Dthey might influence the world economy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, resources like wind areArenewable. Brecyc

28、lable.Cdamaging. Dscarce.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.How Animals Keep WarmMan has invented ways to keep warm, but how do animals defend themselves? They cannot reason in the sense that man can, but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts (本能). One of these instin

29、cts is known as hibernation (冬眠).“Sleeping like a dormouse (榛睡鼠)“ is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes, the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well- nourished state. They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and dur

30、ing hibernation this keeps them alive. Safe in their nests, or burrows (地洞), they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.Bats, tortoises, snakes, frogs, even insects like butterflies, hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels (松鼠), sleep during coldest weather but are rou

31、sed (弄醒) by a warm spell (暖流). During hibernation, the temperature of an animals body drops drastically. Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans, seagulls, swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very man

32、y kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles, twice a year, to avoid cold. Many animals, especially those of the Arctic regions, have summer and winter quarters. The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer (驯鹿) of Europe, move southward towards the forests when winter approaches. They

33、 return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold. Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow, made it soft and warm by padding (填塞) out with straw, leaves, moss and fur. In

34、it they have a “secret place“ containing food which they hope will last the winter through! Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox, the rabbit and the little field-mouse.（分数：10.00）(1).How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter?AIt moves about to keep warm.BIt grows

35、 thicker fur.CIt stores fat before hibernation.DIt goes to warmer areas.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“Sleeping like a dormouse“ most probably meansAsleeping longer on cold days.Bsleeping badly.Csleeping with a lower heartbeat rate.Dsleeping with little breathing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).During hibernation, anim

36、als breatheAnormally. Bat a slower rate.Cat a faster rate. Dirregularly.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).4 According to the passage, “migration“ (paragraph 4) meansAmoving from one place to another at a particular time of the year.Bliving in burrows in winter.Ctraveling in the winter months.Dvisiting foreign co

37、untries.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).How does the Arctic fox survive in winter?AIt leaves its burrow and migrates to a warmer land.BIt sleeps soundly inside its burrow in winter.CIt lives on rabbits or field mice.DIt stays in its burrow and lives on the food stored there.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Sleep Necessary for

38、 MemoriesBurning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken back into the brain. Agood nights sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a required condition of h

39、aving good recall in the weeks ahead, scientists have found.The research, published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience, showed that it was the act of sleep, rather than the simple passage of time, that was critical for long- term memory formation.“We think that getting that first nights sl

40、eep starts the process of memory consolidation (巩固),“ said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.“It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them down. My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that

41、does the nailing down,“ Professor Stickgold said.With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it affects their daily activities, the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effectserious memory impairment (损害).Volunteers in an experiment found

42、it easier to remember a memory task if they were allowed to sleep that night. But for those kept awake, no amount of subsequent sleep made up for the initial loss.Professor Stickgolds team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal (斜线形的) bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on

43、 a computer screen full of horizontal (水平的) stripes.Half of the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.Those who slept the first night were signi

44、ficantly and consistently better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep.（分数：10.00）(1).The research published in Nature Neuroscience showed that what was essential to the formation of long-term memory wasAintelligence. Btime.

45、Cfood. Dsleep.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements about the research is NOT true?AIt was done within 30 hours.BIt was headed by Professor Stickgold.CIt focused on long-term memory formation,DThere were altogether 24 subjects in the experiment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Stickgolds resear

46、ch focused on the side effect produced byAmemory impairment. Black of sleep.Clow work efficiency. Dmemory recall.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In Stickgolds experiment, those who were kept awake on the first nightAcould very well remember the direction of the diagonal bars.Bdidnt do any better after two nigh

47、ts sleep.Cwere as tired as those who were not.Dcould recall the direction of more bars than those who were not.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Those who slept the first nightAcouldnt remember the task.Bcould not sleep the second and third nights.Cperformed slightly better than those who did not.Ddid much bette

48、r than those who did not.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.TapeStore: ANew Tape Storage SystemTapeStore is a new kind of tape storage system which can store up to 6,000 computer tapes. No other tape storage system can hold as many computer tapes as TapeStore. The tapes look exactly like video cassettes. Many hundred

49、s of data files can be stored on each tape, up to a maximum of 500 million bytes (字节) of data. If you stored the same amount of information on paper, you would need nearly 4. 5 billion printed pages.The machine is a tall black box with a mechanical arm. The machine is 2.5 metres high and 3.0 metres wide. This is how it works. Each tape has a code printed on it. You feed the code number into TapeStore, which then looks for the code. As soon as TapeStore locates th