职称英语卫生类B级-64及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 B级-64 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Alice trusts you, only you can persuade her to give up the foolish idea.（分数：1.00）A.suggestB.attractC.temptD.convince2.The thief scattered the papers all over the room while he was searching.（分数：1.00）A.abandonedB.vanishedC.sprink

2、leD.deserted3.Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.（分数：1.00）A.adhered toB.abandonedC.appliedD.adopted4.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated .（分数：1.00）A.resumedB.put an end toC.suspendedD.re-scheduled5.The attack on Fort Sumter near Ch

3、arleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.demandedB.elicitedC.extractedD.defied6.The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.（分数：1.00）A.destroyedB.brokeC.changedD.smashed7.I don“t think Peter is too young to take c

4、are of the pet dog properly .（分数：1.00）A.correctlyB.accordinglyC.exactlyD.actively8.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans9.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.publicity10.Th

5、e reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct .（分数：1.00）A.movementB.wordsC.principleD.behavior11.If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.correct12.We derive information mainly from the Internet.（分数：1.00）A.depriveB.obtainC.descendD.trace13.He expressed

6、 concern that the ship might be in distress .（分数：1.00）A.despairB.difficultiesC.needD.danger14.There was no alternative but to close the road.（分数：1.00）A.wayB.meansC.choiceD.reason15.France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.（分数：1.00）A.friendlyB.privateC.strongD.secret二、第 2部分：

7、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Health Care in the USHealth care in the US is well-known but very expensive. Paying the doctor“s bill after a major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. In the US, a person“s company, not the government, pays for health insurance. Employers have contracts

8、 with insurance companies, which pay for all or part of employees “doctors“ bills. The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly. It all depends on what insurance the employer pays. The less the boss pays to the insurance company, the more the employee has to pay the

9、 hospital each time he or she gets sick. In 2004, the average worker paid an extra US $558 a year, according to a San Francisco report. The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks (遭遗漏). In 2004, only 61 per cent of the population received health insurance through their employers, a

10、ccording to the report. The unemployed, self-employed, part-time workers and graduated students with no jobs were not included. Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first day on the job. Often, they are no longer protected by their parents“ insurance beca

11、use they are now considered independent adults. They also cannot buy university health insurance because they are no longer students. Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students. All are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without

12、it. But exact policies (保险单) differ from school to school. Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan for students. Often, buying the school plan is required, but luckily it“s also cheaper than buying direct from the insurance company.（分数：7.00）(1).In the

13、US, a person“s company buys him or her health insurance.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).All employees in the US have the same kind of health insurance.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).In 2004, most of the unemployed in the US were women.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).In

14、 the US, graduated students with no jobs can buy university health insurance.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).All international students in the US have to buy health insurance.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The international students in the US work harder than the American studen

15、ts.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The health care system in the US takes care of everyone in the country.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Science of Sport1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record

16、 for the 110 meters hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast. 2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be movin

17、g much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what“s behind this, never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or wil

18、l athletes continue to gain seconds? 3. Most experts agree that it isn“t the athletes“ bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed

19、, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete“s body and mind, but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance. 4. Scientists have shown that an athlete“s body“s needs var

20、y according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training program and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-meter sprinter.

21、In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance. 5. But in any sport, a player“s success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on the

22、ir performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players to relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (想像) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as goo

23、d as practice. 6. But as science begins to dominate the sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? What“s more, are all these advantages fair?（分数：8.00）(1).Paragragh 2 1 A. Science may be too important today. B. Sports equipment has been improved

24、a lot. C. Athletes are still breaking records. D. Sport science helps improve athletes“ performances. E. Mental training is as important as physical training. F. Different sports require different training programs.（分数：1.00）(2).Paragragh 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragragh 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragragh 5 1（分数：1.0

25、0）(5).It is more difficult for today“s athletes 1. A. to break records B. to better understand the athlete“s body and mind C. to time and space D. to be replacing the sporting challenge E. to human performance F. to avoid psychological techniques（分数：1.00）(6).We don“t know if there is a limit 1.（分数：1

26、.00）(7).Research has helped coaches 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Scientific advances are suspected 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U.S. Life Expectancy Hits New HighLife expectancy rates in the United States are at an all-time high, with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly

27、78 years, a new federal study finds. The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in 1955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By 1995, life expectancy was 75.8 years, and by 2005, it had risen to 77.9 years, according to the report released Wedn

28、esday. “This is good news“, said report coauthor Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics. “It“s even beer news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement.“ Despite the upward trend, the United States still has a lower l

29、ife expectancy than some 40 other countries, according to the U. S. Census (人口普查) Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore. Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of dea

30、th in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke. In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than 800 deaths per 100,000. Dr. David Katz director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine, said, “News that life expectancy is increasi

31、ng is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S.“ Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. “But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our wo

32、rk cut out for us.“ he said.（分数：15.00）(1).Since 1955, life expectancy rates in the U. S. have _.（分数：3.00）A.moved up and downB.been decliningC.been on the riseD.remained steady(2).Compared with the country with the longest life expectancy, the U.S. is _.（分数：3.00）A.nearly 3 years behindB.nearly 4 year

33、s behindC.nearly 8 years behindD.nearly 6 years behind(3).The increase in the U. S. life expectancy is mostly due to _.（分数：3.00）A.increasing life expectancy rates in some other countriesB.declining death rates from heart disease, cancer and strokeC.a rise in the rate of chronic diseaseD.a declining

34、birth rate(4).Which of the following Statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.The U. S. life expectancy is at an all-time high.B.The U. S. death rate was at an all: time low in 2005.C.The annual death rate in the U. S. is over 800 deaths per 100,000.D.Chronic disease appears to be at an all-time high in th

35、e U. S.(5).The expression “adding vital life to years“ in the last paragraph means _.（分数：3.00）A.living wellB.living longerC.living longer and wellD.living at any cost六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Diseases of Agricultural PlantsPlants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estima

36、ted that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of

37、 the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of

38、 people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world. Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions c

39、hange. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As

40、a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments. Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A pl

41、ant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an er

42、ror in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.（分数：15.00）(1).How many diseases are known to attack wheat?（分数：3.00）A.Around 30,000.B.Around 140.C.Around 29,960.D.Around 40.(2).According to this pass

43、age, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?（分数：3.00）A.A world war.B.Border conflicts.C.Rations of grain and meat.D.Social upheavals.(3).What is the main idea of the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while other

44、s have a susceptibility to them.B.The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change.C.A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America.D.A blight may be a national infection.(4).According to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented by _.（分数：3.00）A.ki

45、lling parasitesB.inoculationC.killing insectsD.improving growing conditions(5).Which of the following statements is not true?（分数：3.00）A.Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria.B.Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens.C.Some plant diseases may be caused by fungus.D.Symptoms are always h

46、elpful in identifying diseases.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Slowing EconomyWhen it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn“t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn“t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she“d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 wee

47、kly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I“m a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they“re concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow D

48、illard“s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don“t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspan“s admission that America“s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown

49、 themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year“s pace. But don“t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy“s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say t