职称英语卫生类B级-68及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 B级-68 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Most people favored the plan.（分数：1.00）A.agreedB.opposedC.likedD.voted2.This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction , because so many are being killed for their fur.（分数：1.00）A.drying upB.dying outC.being exportedD.being t

2、ransplanted3.I can no longer put up with his rudeness.（分数：1.00）A.tolerateB.acceptC.takeD.suffer from4.Everyone said he was a decent sort of guy.（分数：1.00）A.honestB.richC.good-lookingD.high-ranking5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.（分数：1.00）A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised6.The food is ina

3、dequate for ten people.（分数：1.00）A.demandedB.qualifiedC.insufficientD.required7.Virtually all the children come to school by bus.（分数：1.00）A.ActuallyB.ReallyC.CertainlyD.Almost8.While we don“t agree, we continue to be friends.（分数：1.00）A.WhoeverB.WhereC.AlthoughD.criticized9.They attempted to finish th

4、e task before July.（分数：1.00）A.triedB.aimedC.agreedD.promised10.However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.（分数：1.00）A.eagerB.reluctantC.pleasedD.angry11.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.（分数：1.00）A.physicalB.mentalC.naturalD.hard12.An immense

5、 cloud of smoke came out of the house.（分数：1.00）A.muchB.enormousC.littleD.extensive13.Keep your room tidy .（分数：1.00）A.messyB.organizedC.beautifulD.neat14.She cried aloud all at once .（分数：1.00）A.for a long timeB.suddenlyC.for no reasonD.quickly15.If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it.（分数：1.00）A

6、.clarifyB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.correct二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Stomach UlcerStomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found

7、 a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people. Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears. These wounds can harm t

8、he tissue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach. This p

9、ain often is called heart burn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now t

10、hey have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H. Pillorie. H. Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discov

11、ery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa. Doctors say a person i

12、s more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of

13、strong fluids in the stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.（分数：7.00）(1).In the past, doctors could not do anything about stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Now doctors can

14、successfully cure stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experiments.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.No

15、t mentioned(5).There has been a change in doctors“ understanding of the cause of stomach ulcer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Stomach ulcer can lead to stomach cancer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).People who eat a lot of spicy food are susceptible to stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.

16、RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Facts about Stroke1. Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one. Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nation“s third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of th

17、e heart and all forms of cancer. Stroke is a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States. 2. Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease. It affects the arteries(动脉)leading to and within the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物)

18、 to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块) or bursts. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, so it starts to die. 3. The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions. If a stroke occurs and blood flow can“t reach the region tha

19、t controls a particular body function, that part of the body won“t work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, it“s likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction(阻塞) and th

20、e extent of brain tissue affected. 4. The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you can“t control, such as increasing age, family health

21、history, race, and prior stroke. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk. Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider“s help. Some of these include: high blood pressure, current smoking ,heart disease, and high red blood cell c

22、ount. 5. A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment. In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a hospital immediat

23、ely.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Effects of a stroke B. Annual cost of stroke in the US C. Definition and description of a stroke D. Breakthroughs in treatment E. Risk factors of stroke F. Warning signs of a stroke（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.0

24、0）(5).When a stroke occurs, the arteries leading to and within the brain 1. A. suffer from a stroke B. will be affected C. change their lifestyles D. will take place E. occurs at the back of his/her brain F. controls various body functions（分数：1.00）(6).A person“s vision is likely to be affected if a

25、stroke 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they 1.（分数：1.00）(8).New treatments are now available to people who 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medicine Award Kicks off NobelPrize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won praise for research into the

26、 growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their e

27、nzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pair“

28、s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference

29、 at Stockholm“s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden“s central bank. Nobel left few

30、 instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (US $ 1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did n

31、ot think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. “Individual researchers probably don“t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they“re at work,“ Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.“ In 2006,

32、Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to susta

33、in their uncontrolled growth.（分数：15.00）(1).Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year“s Nobel Prize in medicine?（分数：3.00）A.Pierre Chambon.B.Linda Buck.C.Carol Greider.D.Elizabeth Blackburn.(2).Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?（分数：3.00）A.He was from Sweden.B.He was the inventor of dynamite.C.He est

34、ablished the prizes in his will.D.He gave clear instructions on how to select winners.(3).Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?（分数：3.00）A.The medicine prize.B.The literature prize.C.The peace prize.D.The economies prize.(4).The word “ kicks “ in line 6 from the bottom probably means _.（分

35、数：3.00）A.knowledgeB.motivationC.incomeD.excitement(5).The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of _.（分数：3.00）A.money in medical research.B.proteins in cancer treatment.C.hormones in the functioning of life.D.telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Study Says

36、 Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs. Now a study suggests that the animal known as man“s best friend can even find bladder(膀胱) cancer. Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors(气味).

37、 Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors, even in very small amounts, in urine(尿). The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans. The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The

38、mole (痣) was later found to be skin cancer. Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England. They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients, from people with other diseases and from healthy people. Eac

39、h dog was tested eight times. In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell. The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it. Two cocker spaniels(短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬) were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average

40、success rate of forty-one percent. As a group, the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone. The British Medical Journal published the research. In all, thirty-six bladder cance

41、r patients and one hundred and eight other people took part. During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth on the person“s right kidney(肾). Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. The In

42、ternational Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.（分数：15.00）(1).The experiment was conducted in a _.（分数：3.00）A.police stationB.hospitalC.training schoolD.private home

43、(2).The dog“s average success rate was _.（分数：3.00）A.26%B.22%C.41%D.56%(3).Participants in the experiment were _.（分数：3.00）A.36 bladder cancer patientsB.144 cancer patientsC.108 healthy peopleD.144 sick and healthy people(4).The person who had tested healthy before the study _.（分数：3.00）A.dropped outB.

44、passed awayC.was found to have cancerD.was found to remain healthy(5).Which is NOT true of bladder cancer?（分数：3.00）A.It is the 9th most common cancer worldwide.B.It can be identified only by dogs.C.It kills more than 100,000 people each year.D.It is mainly caused by smoking.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)New

45、Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about peoplenot their clothes, ideas, or languageshas changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during th

46、e 1500“s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was

47、widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine“ of 18451846, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some other

48、s went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world“s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400“s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was dis

49、covered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one-third of the world“s population now starts the day with.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?（分数：3.00）A.Food.B.Chocolate.C.Potato.D.Coffee.(2).“Some“ in “some still exist today“ (Para. 1) means _.（分数：3.00）A.some cocoa treesB.some chocolate drinksC.some shopsD.some South American Indians(3).Thousands of Irish people star