职称英语卫生类B级-69及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-69 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful articles in the market.（分数：1.00）A.batteriesB.bargainsC.basketsD.barrels2.In previous times, when fresh meat was inadequate , pigeons were

2、kept by many households as a source of food.（分数：1.00）A.in short storeB.in short provisionC.in short reserveD.in short supply3.The tomato juice left a brown stain on the front of my jacket.（分数：1.00）A.trackB.traceC.spotD.point4.A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial characteristic .（分数

3、：1.00）A.markB.featureC.traceD.appearance5.Professor Taylor“s talk has indicated that science has a very strong influence on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.（分数：1.00）A.motivationB.perspectiveC.impressionD.impact6.I catch a cold now and then .（分数：1.00）A.alwaysB.occasionallyC.

4、constantlyD.regularly7.Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ability.（分数：1.00）A.capacityB.strengthC.lengthD.possibility8.The newspaper did not mention the degree of the damage caused by the fire.（分数：1.00）A.rangeB.levelC.extentD.quantity9.Shelly had prepar

5、ed carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first endeavor .（分数：1.00）A.intentionB.attemptC.purposeD.desire10.The manager got angry just because his secretary was ten minutes late.（分数：1.00）A.lost his moodB.lost his temperC.lost his mindD.lost his passion11.

6、They bought the land in order to build a new office block.（分数：1.00）A.with a purpose toB.with a view toC.with a goal toD.with a reason to12.Please give my best wishes to your family.（分数：1.00）A.noticeB.attentionC.regardsD.cares13.A complete change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.（

7、分数：1.00）A.strictB.wideC.everD.radical14.She can speak French and German, let alone English.（分数：1.00）A.to say nothing ofB.to speak nothing ofC.to talk nothing ofD.to tell nothing of15.At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide scope of topics they were interested in.（分数：1.00）A.extentB.

8、numberC.collectionD.range二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)InterviewThe importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited t

9、o, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and, implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we kn

10、ow, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadca

11、sting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical

12、and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western so

13、cieties are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional perso

14、n or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we ha

15、ve a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interview, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates.（分数：7.00）(1).The main ide

16、a of the first paragraph is that importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Much research has been done on interviews in general, so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.（分数：1.00）A.R

17、ightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The patient is the interviewee in a clinical interview.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The passage is mo

18、st like a part of a journalistic interview.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).We should pay attention to the interview in a clinical interview.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The television interviews don“t require thoughtful analysis.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概

19、括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Exercising Your Memory1. Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go. 2. That“s not to say that memory doesn“t change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memor

20、ies are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance) , long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime). 3. Short-term memory isn“t mastered until about age 7, but after that you never

21、 lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes more through life. It“s not until the early teens (十几岁) that most people develop a mature long-term memory. 4. First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈) withou

22、t constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-tern1 enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skil

23、ls. It“s no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life. 5. Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually activereading, discussing, taking class

24、es, thinking and those who do not. Giving the brain daily workout (锻炼) is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. 6. The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (记忆力), the a

25、bility to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lostwhether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. 7. The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring t

26、o mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgett

27、ing at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 1 A. Importance of staying intellectually active B. Effects of aging on a person“s recall ability C. Short-term memory versus long-term memory D. Retention as the second necessity for memory E. Link b

28、etween learning strategies and effective memory skills F. Significance of exercising your muscles（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).Retention refers to 1. A. for younger and older people B. to the proper function of your memory C. is. called lo

29、ng-term memory D. the capacity to store what you have learned E. belongs to very long-term memory F. the ability to remain mentally healthy（分数：1.00）(6).The rate of forgetting is the same 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Remembering something all your life 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Exercising your brain every day is beneficial 1

30、.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Congratulations, It Will Be A Boy!Until just a few years ago, making a baby boy or a girl was pretty much a hit-or-miss affair. Not anymore. Parents who have access to the latest genetic testing techniques can now predetermine their baby“s s

31、ex with great accuracy, as Monique and Scott Collins learned to their delight two years ago, when their long-wished-for daughter Jessica was born after genetic prescreening(基因筛选). And baby Jessica is just the beginning. Within a decade or two, it may be possible to screen kids almost before concepti

32、on (怀孕) for an enormous range of attributes (特性), such as how tall they are likely to be, what body type they will have, their hair and eye color, what sort of illness they will be naturally resistant to, and even, conceivably(可想见地), their IQ and personality type. In fact, if gene therapy lives up t

33、o its promise, parents may someday be able to go beyond weeding out(筛去) undesirable traits and start actually inserting the genes they wantperhaps even genes that have been crafted(创造) in a lab. Before the new millennium is many years old, parents may be going to fertility clinics(生殖诊所) and picking

34、from a list of options the way ear buyers order air conditioning and chrome alloy(铬合金) wheels. “It is the ultimate shopping experience: designing your baby,“ says biotechnology critic Jeremy Rifkin, who is appalled by the prospect. “But in a society used to cosmetic surgery(整容手术),this is not a big s

35、tep.“ The prospect of designer(定制) babies, like many of the ethnical conundrums(难题)posed by the genetic revolution, is confronting the world so rapidly that doctors, ethicists (伦理学家), religious leaders and politicians are just starting to grapple with(与进行格斗) the implicationsand trying to decide how

36、they feel about it all. They still have a bit of time. Aside from gender, the only traits they can now be identified at the earliest stages of development are about a dozen of the most serious genetic diseases. Gene therapy in embryos(胚胎) is at least a few years away. And the gene or combination of

37、genes responsible for most of our physical and mental attributes has not even been identified yet. Besides, say clinicians, even if the techniques for making designer babies are perfected within the next decade, they should be applied in the service of disease prevention, not improving on nature.（分数

38、：15.00）(1).What is gene therapy supposed to do if it lives up to its promise?（分数：3.00）A.Screen a baby for sex.B.Predetermine a baby“s sex.C.Insert genes.D.Identify genetic disorders.(2).What can scientists do now?（分数：3.00）A.Prescreen a baby“s sex.B.Screen babies for desirable attributes.C.Insert gen

39、es that parents want.D.Craft genes in a lab.(3).Which of the following best expresses Jeremy Rifkin“s attitude toward designing babies through gene therapy?（分数：3.00）A.Strongly supportive.B.Cautiously welcome.C.Uncommitted.D.Critical.(4).Which of the following statement is true?（分数：3.00）A.Designing b

40、abies may cause ethical concerns.B.Designing babies is purely scientific and will not cause ethical problems.C.The prospect of designing babies has already led to strong criticism from various communities.D.People are concerned about the possible harm done to science by designing babies.(5).What doe

41、s the author mean when he says, “They still have a bit of time.“（分数：3.00）A.Designer babies will soon be a reality.B.Nature will be altered by designer babies.C.There is no need at the moment to be too worried about designer babies.D.Scientists are working against time to design baby.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：1

42、5.00)Adaptation of Living ThingsCertain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may hel

43、p in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms(生物体) that are better fitted to their environments . Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especia

44、lly to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals(无机物). It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun“s energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants.

45、In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroun

46、dings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its ow

47、n environment, as do warm-blooded mammals (哺乳动物), which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change,

48、 it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.（分数：15.00）(1).Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may _.（分数：3.00）A.help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things neededB.survive even in extremely severe conditionsC.become better a

49、dapted to the environments than others of their kindD.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms(2).In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.enemies(3).It can he inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored _.（分数：3.00）A.to frightened its enemiesB.to attract its enemiesC.to adjust its body heatD.to match its environment(4).Which of the following is NOT directly mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.A living thing may adapt in its structure.B.An or