职称英语综合类A、B、C级综合试卷-25及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语综合类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-25 及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. relative B. general C. continuous D. sharp（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill Aex

2、cited Bangry Clost Dsurprised（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I admire his work.Arecognize Bexploit Ctolerate Desteem（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.National forests make money for the government through the sale of trees for lumber.A. earn B. print C. trade D. borrow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.There are various ways to solve the prob

3、lem.A. same B. many C. helpful D. different（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Everybody was glad to see Mary back.A. sorry B. sadC. angry D. happy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.A. suggested B. tested C. used D. announced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The boy always looks thr

4、ough his homework before handing it in.A. write B. does C. finishes D. examines（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The Little Foxes, a drama by Lillian Hellman, was first produced in New York in 1939.Aplay Bnovel Cmusical Ddance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeedA. result B. judg

5、ment C. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.We are disappointed to find out that he has made a fatal mistake.A. crucial B. foolish C. stupid D. important（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.It hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under.A. sincere B. hard C. strict D.

6、tight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Weve been through some rough times together.A. short B. difficult C. long D. happy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.There are numerous manuals available with instructions on how to fix a bicycle.Acontrol Bride Crepair Dsteer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Eleven states, including the adjoining states

7、 of North and South Carolina, seceded from the United States in the 1860s and formed a southern confederacy.Aseparated Bneighboring Ccolonial Dcompeting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Basic Research Vs. Applied ResearchWhy does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than

8、 applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon its rise. The goal of basic research is understanding for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of

9、the atom or the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula (螺旋星) or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two of more human beings come into contact with one anotherthe scope is s

10、taggering, but the commitment to truth is the same. If the commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roent

11、gen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness to medicine.Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any count

12、ry always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industrywhich is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these profits quicklythe funds the U.S. Government allots to

13、basic research currently amount to about seven percent of its overall research and developments funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, so Dr. Waterman has pointed out, development will inevitably be undertaken prematurely(过早的), car

14、eer incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon pure science. Tend to degrade the quality of the nations technology i

15、n the long run, rather than to improve it.（分数：7.00）(1).X-rays used in medical researches belong to the scope of basic research.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Industry is primarily concerned with applied researches because it can bring immediate profits.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not

16、mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).The United States Government currently concentrates its support on applied rather than on basic research.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).The Foundation devotes most of its funds to applied research.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).

17、When Roentgen discovered X-rays he didnt mean to use them in medical researches.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Dr. Waterman is a strong advocate of applied research.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Many scientists think basic research is more important than

18、applied research.A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Is There a Way to Keep the Britains Economy Growing?1. In todays knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering(工程) techniqu

19、es. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers. 2. Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesnt manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank says th

20、e UKs four iconic (图标的)jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, theyre hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants (顾问) and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. 3. Although the countrys trade def

21、icit was more than 60 billion in 2006, UKs largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical(制药学的) industry and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services accountancy, insuran

22、ce, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock n roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutt

23、ing-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy. 4. However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UKs exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National

24、Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in “innovation activities“, 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany(61 percent)and Sweden(47 percent). 5. In fact, it might be better to call Britain a “servant“

25、 economy there are at least 4 million people “in service“. The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be,

26、 at the low-skill end of the service sector in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes. A. Growth of Economy B. “Servant“ Economy C. Strength of the Creative Economy D. Weakness of the Creative Economy E. Gift of Talking F. Export of Talking Machines（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph

27、 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. to find jobs B. to do low-skill jobs C. to feed its people D. to handle disputes E. to make a profitF. to worry about the British economyEvery country has its own way（分数：1.00）填空项

28、 1:_(6).The British government doesnt seem（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The creative industries find it difficult（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Many graduates are employed（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The FamilyThe structure of a family takes different forms around the word and even in

29、 the same society. The familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared

30、to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America, the elderly often do not live with the fami

31、ly； they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America, and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits, who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a lif

32、e of mobility. In harsh conditions, mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time, the small nuclear family was usually part

33、of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents, mother and father, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. In North America today, there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced, s

34、eparated, or nevermarried individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family, not just in North America, but throughout the world, continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.（分数：15.00）(1).Another good title for this passage would be_ALiving with Hardship.BThe

35、Life of the Inuits.CWhat Makes a Family?DThe Failure of the Nuclear Family.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A nuclear family is defined as_Aa single father with minor childrenBparents, children, and aunts and unclesCa married couple with their minor childrenDparents, grandparents, and children（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(

36、3).The information in this passage would most likely be found in_Aa geography textbookBa biology textbookCan anthropology textbookDa mathematics textbook（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through_Apointing out differencesBpointing out similaritiesClisting

37、 statisticsDtelling a story（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word mobility means_Areadiness to moveBorganizationCmoneyDskill（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：2，分数：16.00)16.The passage mentions all of the following factors for the existence of life EXCEPTA. the right amount of atmosphere.B. a steady supply of water.

38、C. steady heat and light.D. the right distance from the sun.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Fords Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all

39、 manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make carsone, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900%, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line“. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up prod

40、uction of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of De

41、laware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened:“The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.“Within a year, the time had

42、 been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖，拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasnt long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. A

43、nd so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all

44、of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?A. He introd

45、uced a new way of production.B. He influenced all manufacturing.C. He inspired other auto makers.D. He changed the minds of historians.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The writer mentions “slaughterhouses“ because they were the places whereA. Fords assembly line originated.B. Ford made his first car.C. Ford rea

46、djusted the assembly line.D. Ford innovated the disassembly line:（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A magneto is a technical term forA. an automobile.B. a production line.C. a part of an automobile engine.D. a disassembly line.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “turning out“ in the last paragraph could be best repla

47、ced byA. “producing“.B. “selling“.C. “buying“.D. “fixing/（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry FordA. to create more jobs for the unemployed.B. to write a book on history.C. to reduce the price of his cars to $260.D. to cut the production of his cars by 50%.（分数：3.00）A

48、B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of

49、mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodents (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinnessand not necessarily dietpromotes long life in “calorie (热量卡) restricted“ animals.“Its very coal work,“ says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. “These mice eat all they want, lose weight