职称英语综合类A级-25及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语综合类 A 级-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We must abide by the rules. A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The eternal mo

2、tion of the stars fascinated him. A. long B. never-ending C. boring D. extensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. A. play B. send C. show D. tell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance. A. pleasant B. colorful C. fashionable D. d

3、ifferent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny. A. position B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Dont irritate her. shes on a short fuse today. A. tease B. attract C. annoy D. protect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is absurd to go out in such terrible w

4、eather. A. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. interesting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The once barren hillsides are now good farmland. A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The manager allocate duties to the clerks. A. assign B. persuade C. ask D. order（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He was not eligible for

5、the examination because he was over age. A. competitive B. diligent C. qualified D. competent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The book made a great impact on its

6、readers. A. force B. influence C. surprise D. power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.I notified him that my address had changed. A. informed B. observed C. mocked D. misled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese. A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：

7、1，分数：7.00)Eruptions of Mount Saint HelensOn March 27, the US Government scientists made a decision after they predicted the eruption of Mount Saint Helens. They telephoned all state and local officials in the area and told them that a serious eruption was possible at any time. Roads were closed to e

8、very one except scientists and forest keepers struggled to keep curious visitors away from the mountain.Shortly afternoon on March 27, Mount Saint Helens erupted for the first time in 123 years. People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying

9、 near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters into the sky.Later, scientists found that the explosion had made a new crater (大坑) in the top of the mountain, not far from the old crater. The north side of the peak now had a huge bulg

10、e (凸出部分) where rock and ice had been pushed out by the eruption.A second eruption shook the mountain on March 28. It, too, sent up a column of black ash high into the sky. By March 29, scientists flying over the mountain saw that a second crater formed about 9 meters from the first one. Strange blue

11、 flames flickered (闪烁) inside the crater and sometimes jumped from one crater to the other.By April the mountain had erupted several more times and the snow on the north slope of the peak was black with ash. Ash carried by the wind had fallen on towns as far as 240 kilometers away from Mount Saint H

12、elens.During the first week of April, Mount Saint Helens gave scientists something new to worry about: harmonic tremors (震动) recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happen. All during April and into May Mount Saint Helens continued to shudder (震动) and shoot out ash. By April 8, two crater

13、s had merged to from a vast hole nearly a half of a kilometer wide and 250 meters deep.Scientists main worry during this time was the growing bulge of rock and ice on, the north face of the mountain. By May 7 scientists feared the worst. Their warnings led Washington Governor to set up safety zones

14、around the mountain. The inner “red“ zone was open to scientists only. The outer “blue“ zone was open only to people who got special permits. But in spite of these warnings, some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano.（分数：7.00）(1).American scienti

15、sts predicted that Mount Saint Helens was to erupt soon.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Pilots flying at the height of more than 2,100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A new crater, which was

16、 to the south of the old one, was formed after the second eruption.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruption.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Two scientists lost their li

17、ves during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Most of the dreadful eruptions of Mount Saint Helens took place in early May.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The eruption of Mount Saint Helens attracted a large number of foreign tourists.（分数：1.

18、00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Kripkes research tool B. Dangers of habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripkes report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2

19、分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. fall asleep again B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：4.

20、00）(1).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).One survey showed that people who habitually _ each night

21、have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Hidden“ Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant-may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major i

22、mplications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfe

23、nninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions.Scienti

24、sts had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populatio

25、ns and are highly endangered,“ says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist.“ It could be as high as 30%,“ Pfenninger says.“Im extremely surprised by their results,“ says Alex Smith of

26、the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. “Its a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing.“Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is comp

27、leted, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elepha

28、nt and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic difference

29、s can have significant consequences.In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the diseas

30、e. “The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with,“ Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following about the significance of the rese

31、arch on cryptic species is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B.The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C.The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D

32、The results of the research can help our understanding of “survival of the fittest.“(2).What was scientists understanding of cryptic species?. They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions. They were mostly found in insects find reptiles. They were likely to be in tropical rather th

33、an temperate regions. Both B and C.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?（分数：3.00）A.Not yet.B.Yes, they do.C.They will know the answer in another one or two years.D.They will never know the answer.(4).Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the Afr

34、ican elephant is true?（分数：3.00）A.The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.B.They are interbreeding species.C.They are two genetically distant species.D.They depend on each other for survival.(5).People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the earlyl900s, because scientist

35、s_.（分数：3.00）A.identified only one mosquito species instead of six speciesB.thought only three mosquito species transmitted diseaseC.thought there was only one mosquito speciesD.did not know what species was being studied六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Star QualityA new anti-cheating system for counting the jud

36、ges scores in ice skating is flawed, according to leading sports specialists. Ice skatings governing body announced the new rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenced.Initially the judges in the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympi

37、cs in Salt Lake City voted 5 to 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair, even though they had a fall during their routine. But the International Skating Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to vote for the Russians. The International Olympics

38、 Committee then decided to give a second gold to the Canadian runners-up (亚军) .The ISU, skatings governing body, now says it intends to change the rules. In future 14 judges will judge each event, but only 7 of their scores-selected at random-will count.The ISU wont finally approve the new system un

39、til it meets in June but already UK Sport, the British Governments sports body, has expressed reservations. “I remain to be convinced that the random selection system would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for“, says Jerry Bingham, UK Sports head of ethics (

40、伦理) .A random system can still be manipulated, says Mark Dixon, a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Society in London. “The score of one or two judges who have been hobbled (受到贿赂) may still be in the seven selected.“Many other sports that have judges, including diving, gymna

41、stics, and synchronized swimming, have a system that discards the highest and lowest scores. If a judge was under pressure to favour a particular team, they would tend to give it very high scores and mark down the opposition team, so their scores wouldnt count. It works for diving, says Jeff Cook, a

42、 member of the international government bodys technical committee. “If you remove those at the top and bottom youre left with those in the middle, so youre getting a reasonable average.“Since the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, diving has tightened up in its system still further. Two separate panels of jud

43、ges score different rounds of diving during top competitions. Neither panel knows the scores given by the other. “We have done this to head off any suggestion of bias,“ says Cook.Bingham urged the ISU to consider other options. “This should involve examining the way in which other sports deal with t

44、he problem of adjudicating (裁定) on matter of style and presentation,“ he says.（分数：15.00）(1).Who won the gold medal in the pairs figure-skating event?（分数：3.00）A.The Russian pair.B.The Canadian pair.C.Both the Russian pair and the Canadian pair.D.The French pair.(2).According to the new rules proposed

45、 by the ISU, which of the following is right?（分数：3.00）A.The number of judges will be doubled.B.Only half of the judges will score.C.Only some selected judges will score.D.Only half of the scores will count.(3).What does Jerry Bingham express by saying “I remain to be convinced“?（分数：3.00）A.His anger.

46、B.His criticism.C.His agreement.D.His doubt.(4).The attitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISU can be best described as_.（分数：3.00）A.indifferentB.reservedC.enthusiasticD.positive(5).Which of the following is NOT true of the scoring system for diving?（分数：3.00）A.It is more b

47、iased.B.It is more reasonable.C.It is fairer.D.It is tighter.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Body ClockWhy is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology.Dee

48、p inside the brain there is a “clock“ that governs every aspect of the bodys functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.Th

49、e body clock programs us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon.One of the major causes of the travelers malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of a persons internal body clock