职称英语综合类A级-53及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语综合类 A 级-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Jack Usaid sorry/U to the manager for the mistakes he had made. A. excused B. pardoned C. forgave D. apologized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.URecently/U scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply. A. Late B. Late

2、r C. Latter D. Lately（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.We can no longer Uput up with/U his actions. A. bear B. accept C. support D. oppose（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.UEnormous/U sums of money have been spent on space exploration. A. Much B. Large C. Small D. Fixed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.We can surely Uovercome/U all difficultie

3、s that may come up. A. get on B. come over C. get over D. come across（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.He Ugot well/U very quickly after his illness. A. recovered B. discovered C. uncovered D. covered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The designing of a satellite in the heavenly environment is Unot absolutely/U an easy job. A. by

4、 all means B. by any means C. by every means D. by no means（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The good harvest Ulowered/U the price of strawberries. A. brought down B. cut out C. arose from D. added to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Gambling is Ulawful/U in Nevada. A. popular B. booming C. legal D. profitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10

5、I hope that I didnt do anything Uabsurd/U last night. A. awkward B. strange C. awful D. stupid（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Dumped waste might Ucontaminate/U water supplies. A. destroy B. decrease C. pollute D. delay（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The board of the company has decided to Uwiden/U its operation to include

6、 all aspects of the clothing business. A. extend B. enlarge C. expand D. amplify（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.My father is a Uphysician/U. A. researcher B. professor C. doctor D. student（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The accommodation was cheap, but the food was very Uexpensive/U. A. high B. costly C. dear D. overpaid（分

7、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Our English teacher is Usick/U. A. fat B. weak C. ill D. mad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of their dreams,

8、 though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which

9、 measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all m

10、ammals (哺乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the “D“ state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and wit

11、h incidents not connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the “cast“ of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind fro

12、m birth. Sound and touch senses are also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In “normal“ dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. T

13、his type of dream is called a “lucid“ (清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.（分数：7.00）(1).Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.

14、A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In an average night, males dream longer than females. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Babies d

15、ream less than older children. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).We rarely smell things in dreams. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).In a

16、 lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Drink Your Body Needs Most1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water and our muscles, lungs, and brain all cont

17、ain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.2. We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sw

18、eating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are

19、not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3. A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. F

20、or example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8 ounces glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on

21、 an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored w

22、ith plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you dont need.A. Ounces of Water Needed Per DayB. Importance of WaterC. Composition of WaterD. Signs of DehydrationE. Supply of Wate

23、rF. Necessity for Bringing a Bottle for WATER WITH YOU（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).One cannot live _. A. in your body B. without water C. before long D. for a change E. on a busy d

24、ay F. to your weight（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The amount of water your body needs per day is closely related _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Dont forget to drink enough water even _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题

25、数：1，分数：15.00)第一篇 The Public Health SystemOne of the biggest changes since 1990 is the degree to which bioterrorism has become a public health priority. Although there had long been concern about vulnerability to biowarfare and bioterrorism the anthrax episode in the fall of 2001 made it clear that t

26、he concern is no longer theoretical. Until very recently, the important role of public health at the frontlines of bioterrorism preparedness was unrecognized. Although concern about emerging infections has helped stimulate funding for the chronically under-appreciated public health system, the threa

27、t of bioterrorism motivated the first real infusion of new money into public health in decades.Many of the capabilities needed to defend against bioterrorism are the same: as those needed to combat natural emerging infections. In both instance, the problem is an unexpected outbreak of infectious dis

28、ease, of which the first indication is likely to be sick people in emergency rooms or clinics. Indeed, as with the anthrax attacks, the public health and medical responses may be under way before the true nature of the outbreak is recognized. Public health and the interface with the health care syst

29、em are therefore key elements in any effective response to bioterrorism.Whether the biggest threat is natural or engineered much remains to be done. Efforts to strengthen surveillance and response worldwide and to improve communication must be accelerated and sustained. Further, we have only scratch

30、ed the surface in terms of understanding the ecology of infectious diseases and developing strategies for regulating microbial traffic. We need tools for better predictive epidemiologic modeling when a new infection first appears and for better analysis of the factors that transfer pathogens across

31、species. One encouraging development is the program in the ecology of infectious diseases that was started a few years ago be the National Science Foundation in cooperation with NIH.SARS is a good yardstick of our progress during the past 13 years. The syndrome was unusual because novel infections t

32、hat spread from person to person are relatively rare. Once cases were finally reported, the public health response was vigorous. WHO warned health care providers, researchers rapidly identified a candidate virus, and prototype diagnostic tests quickly became available. The vast reach of the Internet

33、 was instrumental in sharing formation and coordinating activities worldwide. Despite these advances, SARS had already spread to many countries. In fact had the disease been as transmissible as influenza, it would have invaded virtually every country in the world by the time the public health respon

34、se had begun. So what SARS tells us is that although we have come long way since 1990, we still have a long way to go.（分数：15.00）(1).The main idea expressed in the first paragraph is that _. A. the threat of bioterrorism is real rather than theoretical B. the concern about bio-warfare and bioterroris

35、m has been justified C. the public health system plays an important role in fighting against bioterrorism D. bioterrorism has to a considerable degree become a public health priority（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Bioterrorism may lead to _. A. various natural infections B. the death of millions of innocent pe

36、ople C. the outbreak of unpredictable deadly diseases D. unexpected outbreak of infectious disease（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).From the text we learn that _. A. bioterrorism is an engineered threat to human beings B. bioterrorism can be arrested by improving communication C. natural infections and bioterror

37、ism are the same in essence D. the anthrax attacks are more threatening than the outbreak of SARS（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The example of SARS is used to illustrate that _. A. much remains to be done in improving the public health system B. the sooner the cases of infectious diseases are reported the bet

38、ter C. WHO is an indispensable organization D. Internet plays a very important role in fighting against infectious（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).This passage is mainly about _. A. our progress during the past 13 years B. defending against bioterrorism C. combating natural emerging infections D. the necessity

39、to further improve the public health system（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)第二篇 Artificial IntelligenceFor years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence and that it is just around the corner. The truth is that it may be j

40、ust around the corner, but they havent yet found the right block.Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification,

41、 that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computer now plays very, very good chess.They cant beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be consid

42、ered smart. Why not a machine? The answer is that the machine doesnt do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute force search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best. Human dont play chess that way. They see patterns,

43、 while computers dont.This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence aims to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medi

44、cal diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine that can think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do.The hallmark of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restr

45、icted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous spe

46、ech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, we know that the writer _. A. thinks that artificial intelligence is just around the corner B. doubts whether scientists can ever find artificial intelligence C. does not believe that scientists have

47、 discovered real artificial intelligence D. feels certain that scientists have obtained real artificial intelligence（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The author assumes that the specialists complaints do not hold water. B. Anything that computers do should be seen as thought. C. It is very hard to define thought in the first place. D. Computers can play chess just like humans.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The advantage for computers in chess lies in _. A. its intelligence in thinking out novel moves B. its ability to make best use of all