职称英语综合类A级-概括大意与完成句子专项突破及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语综合类 A 级-概括大意与完成句子专项突破及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A New Citizenship Test1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship (公民身份) exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the cur

2、rent test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.2 “The goal is to make it more meaningful,“ explains

3、Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better “understanding and respect“ for US civic (公民的) values, Gonzalez says.3 The US isnt the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment“ from immigrants for their adopted cou

4、ntrys “values“. In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigran

5、ts to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude (裸体的) women bathing at beaches and gay (同性恋的) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that “newcomers will be comfortable with the countrys liberal social mores (风俗)“.4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for de

6、cades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, affer the rioting in Muslim ghettoes (少数民族聚居区) in France and the killing of Dutch public f

7、igures by religious extremists.5 Officials believe that a persons attachment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate (同化) themselves. “Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new tes

8、t the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?“ says Ali Noorani, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition (难民辩护联盟).（分数：24.00）(1).A. Preparation for taking a citizenship testB. Citizenship tests in European countriesC. Importance of promoting integrationD. Necessity to

9、 know the branches of governmentE. Different views on the new citizenship testF. Goal of the new citizenship testParagraph 2 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. to know a lot more about the countryB. to watch a vi

10、deoC. to help immigrants accept the new cultureD. to marry American citizensE. to do low-skill jobsF. to answerThe questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(6).Would-be immigrants to the US are expected _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(7).In the Dutch citizenship test, all would-

11、 be immigrants are required _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(8).Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_Can Mobile Phones Cause Disease?1 “Mobile phone killed my man,“ screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile p

12、hones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly (假定地) showing how mobile phones heat the brain.2 For anyone who uses a mobile phone, these are worrying times. But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scares and you will hear a diffe

13、rent story. According to them, there is no evidence that mobile phones cause cancer or any other illness in people.3 What we do have, however, are some results suggesting that mobile phones emissions have a variety of strange effects on living tissue that cant be explained by the general radiation b

14、iology. And its only when the questions raised by these experiments are answered that well be able to say for sure what mobile phones might be doing to the head.4 One of the odd effects comes from the now famous “memory loss“ study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed

15、a device that imitated the microwave emissions of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were just as good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen whether or not the device was switched on. Preece says he still cant comment on the effects of usin

16、g a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities. “Im pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,“ he says.5 Another expert, Tattersall, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory

17、 loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses (突触) exposed to microwaves become more-rather than less-receptive (感受的) to undergoing changes linked to memory formation.6 Hopefully, microwaves might turn out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led

18、 by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California, found that mice exposed to microwaves for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer-causing chemical.（分数：24.00）(1).A. Bad ResultsB. Wide spread OppositionC. Groundless AnxietyD. No Effect on Sh

19、ort-term MemoryE. Mysterious EffectsF. Further ReassuranceParagraph 2 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. different messagesB. is hopedC. public attentionD. solid evidenceE. attracted public attentionF. public anx

20、ietyThere is no _ to indicate that mobile phones cause any illness.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(6).It _ that mobile phones might be good for health.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(7).The safety problem with mobile phones has _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(8).Tattersall said for sure that the _ over memory loss caused by mobile phones was

21、 ungrounded.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_Even Intelligent People Can Fail1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovator

22、s who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edisons success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, U. S. He did that on October 22,

23、 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on S

24、eptember 4, 1882.3 “Many of lifes failures,“ the supreme innovator said, “are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. “ Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3, 000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did

25、 his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the companys successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is “You only fail when you quit. “5 Over two centuri

26、es, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office beca

27、use he could not afford the U. S. $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in todays open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the firs

28、t time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffens company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had bett

29、er music. Actually, it wasnt. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.（分数：24.00）(1).A. Importance of learning from failureB. Quality shared by most innovatorsC. Edisons innovationD. Edisons comment on failureE. Contribut

30、ions made by innovatorsF. Miseries endured by innovatorsParagraph 2 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. he developed 3, 000 theoriesB. he couldnt afford to buy a pair of shoesC. he found himself an unsuccessful ma

31、nD. they quittedE. an innovation should work immediatelyF. failure is the mother of successPeople often didnt realize how close they were to success when _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(6).Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car, _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(7).Walt Disney was once so poor that _.（分数：3.00）填

32、空项 1:_(8).The media demand that _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_Stanford University1 Stanford University, famous as one of northern Californias several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called “the Harvard of the West. “ The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north,

33、 gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的) flavor.2 The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are sele

34、cted to enter the university from the upper fifteen per cent of their high school classes.3 Not only because of the high caliber (素质) of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the worlds most respected scholars. The universi

35、ty staff has included many Nobel prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch, Dr. Robert Hofstadter, and Dr. William Shockley in physics, Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine, and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenistsyn has bee

36、n in residence. Stanfords undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded.4 What is student life like on “The Farm“? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and

37、operas are performed in the universitys several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socia

38、lize in the Student Unions coffee house; here the beverages (饮料) and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanfor

39、d picture. So are bicycling and jogging.5 In addition to financial support from alumni (校友), Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic (慈善的) foundations. In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, edu

40、cation, and atomic energy. At present Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program, financed in part by the Ford Foundations 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate l

41、ibrary.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Colorful Life on CampusB. Intelligent Student BodyC. School AdministrationD. Distinguished FacultyE. Substantial Financial SupportF. The Harvard of the WestParagraph 2 _（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.50

42、填空项 1:_(5).A. they can find the best studentsB. the universitys academic advancement and physical extensionC. some of the most distinguished scholars of the worldD. where a sports meet is held every yearE. must have been the top students in their classesF. must be hard workingThose high school grad

43、uates who can enter Stanford University _.（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(6).Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here _.（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(7).On the faculty of the university there are _.（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(8).Financial support from both private organizations and the government has made poss

44、ible _.（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_职称英语综合类 A 级-概括大意与完成句子专项突破答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A New Citizenship Test1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship (公民身份) exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next y

45、ear to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.2 “The goal is to make it more

46、meaningful,“ explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better “understanding and respect“ for US civic (公民的) values, Gonzalez says.3 The US isnt the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment“ from immigrants

47、 for their adopted countrys “values“. In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude (裸体的) women bathing at beaches and gay (同性恋的) men kissing in public. The