职称英语综合类A级模拟68及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语综合类 A级模拟 68及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Jack said sorry to the manager for the mistakes he had made.（分数：1.00）A.excusedB.pardonedC.forgaveD.apologized2.Recently scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.（分数：1.00）A.LateB.LaterC.LatterD.Lately3.We

2、can no longer put up with his actions.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.acceptC.supportD.oppose4.Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration.（分数：1.00）A.MuchB.LargeC.SmallD.Fixed5.We can surely overcome all difficulties that may come up.（分数：1.00）A.get onB.come overC.get overD.come across6.He got well

3、very quickly after his illness.（分数：1.00）A.recoveredB.discoveredC.uncoveredD.covered7.The designing of a satellite in the heavenly environment is not absolutely an easy job.（分数：1.00）A.by all meansB.by any meansC.by every meansD.by no means8.The good harvest lowered the price of strawberries.（分数：1.00）

4、A.brought downB.cut outC.arose fromD.added to9.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.（分数：1.00）A.popularB.boomingC.legalD.profitable10.I hope that I didn“t do anything absurd last night.（分数：1.00）A.awkwardB.strangeC.awfulD.stupid11.Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.（分数：1.00）A.destroyB.decreaseC.pol

5、luteD.delay12.The board of the company has decided to widen its operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.（分数：1.00）A.extendB.enlargeC.expandD.amplify13.My father is a physician .（分数：1.00）A.researcherB.professorC.doctorD.student14.The accommodation was cheap, but the food was very exp

6、ensive .（分数：1.00）A.highB.costlyC.dearD.overpaid15.Our English teacher is sick .（分数：1.00）A.fatB.weakC.illD.mad二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of thei

7、r dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours“ sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instr

8、ument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detect

9、ed in all mammals (哺乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物).This period of sleep is called the “D“ state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10. Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be stran

10、ge and with incidents not connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the “cast“ of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people

11、 blind from birth. Sound and touch senses are also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In “normal“ dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream. However, the dreamer does have control over one type

12、of dream. This type of dream is called a “lucid“ (清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.（分数：7.00）(1).Some people dream but cannot remember the

13、ir dreams.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).In an average night, males dream longer than females.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Babies dream less than older children.（

14、分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).We rarely smell things in dreams.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others.（分数：1.00）A.

15、RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Drink Your Body Needs Most1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means

16、for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs. 2. We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise

17、 Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need

18、 water long before you feel thirsty. 3. A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in haft. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per da

19、y. If you exercise you should drink another 8 ounces glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the p

20、lane. 4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of fla

21、vored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don“t need.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Ounces of Water Needed Per Day B. Importance of Water C. Composition of Water D. Signs of Dehydration E. Supply of Water F. Necessity for Bringing a Bottle for water with yo

22、u（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).One cannot live 1. A. in your body B. without water C. before long D. for a change E. on a busy day F. to your weight（分数：1.00）(6).Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The am

23、ount of water your body needs per day is closely related 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Don“t forget to drink enough water even 1.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Public Health SystemOne of the biggest changes since 1990 is the degree to which bioterrorism has become a public health prior

24、ity. Although there had long been concern about vulnerability to biowarfare and bioterrorism the anthrax episode in the fall of 2001 made it clear that the concern is no longer theoretical. Until very recently, the important role of public health at the frontlines of bioterrorism preparedness was un

25、recognized. Although concern about emerging infections has helped stimulate funding for the chronically under-appreciated public health system, the threat of bioterrorism motivated the first real infusion of new money into public health in decades. Many of the capabilities needed to defend against b

26、ioterrorism are the same: as those needed to combat natural emerging infections. In both instance, the problem is an unexpected outbreak of infectious disease, of which the first indication is likely to be sick people in emergency rooms or clinics. Indeed, as with the anthrax attacks, the public hea

27、lth and medical responses may be under way before the true nature of the outbreak is recognized. Public health and the interface with the health care system are therefore key elements in any effective response to bioterrorism. Whether the biggest threat is natural or engineered much remains to be do

28、ne. Efforts to strengthen surveillance and response worldwide and to improve communication must be accelerated and sustained. Further, we have only scratched the surface in terms of under-standing the ecology of infections diseases and developing strategies for regulating microbial traffic. We need

29、tools for better predictive epidemiologic modeling when a new infection first appears and for better analysis of the factors that transfer pathogens across species. One encouraging development is the program in the ecology of infectious diseases that was started a few years ago be the National Scien

30、ce Foundation in cooperation with NIH. SARS is a good yardstick of our progress during the past 13 years. The syndrome was unusual because novel infections that spread from person to person are relatively rare. Once cases were finally reported, the public health response was vigorous. WHO warned hea

31、lth care providers, researchers rapidly identified a candidate virus, and prototype diagnostic tests quickly became available. The vast reach of the Interact was instrumental in sharing in formation and coordinating activities worldwide. Despite these advances SARS had already spread to many countri

32、es. In fact had the disease been as transmissible as influenza, it would have invaded virtually every country in the world by the time the public health response had begun. So what SARS tells us is that although we have come long way since 1990, we still have a long way to go.（分数：15.00）(1).The main

33、idea expressed in the first paragraph is that _.（分数：3.00）A.the threat of bioterrorism is real rather than theoreticalB.the concern about bio-warfare and bioterrorism has been justifiedC.the public health system plays an important role in fighting against bioterrorismD.bioterrorism has to a considera

34、ble degree become a public health priority(2).Bioterrorism may lead to _.（分数：3.00）A.various natural infectionsB.the death of millions of innocent peopleC.the outbreak of unpredictable deadly diseasesD.unexpected outbreak of infectious disease(3).From the text we learn that _.（分数：3.00）A.bioterrorism

35、is an engineered threat to human beingsB.bioterrorism can be arrested by improving communicationC.natural infections and bioterrorism are the same in essenceD.the anthrax attacks are more threatening than the outbreak of SARS(4).The example of SARS is used to illustrate that _.（分数：3.00）A.much remain

36、s to be done in improving the public health systemB.the sooner the cases of infectious diseases are reported the betterC.WHO is an indispensable organizationD.Internet plays a very important role in fighting against infectious(5).This passage is mainly about _.（分数：3.00）A.our progress during the past

37、 13 yearsB.defending against bioterrorismC.combating natural emerging infectionsD.the necessity to further improve the public health system六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Artificial IntelligenceFor years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intellige

38、nce and that it is just around the comer. The truth is that it may be just around the corner, but they haven“t yet found the right block. Artificial intelligence alms to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists i

39、n the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computer now plays very, very good chess. They can“t beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a

40、human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a machine? The answer is that the machine doesn“t do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute force search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the out

41、comes and picks the best. Human don“t play chess that way. They see patterns, while computers don“t. This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence aims to

42、mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine that can think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The ha

43、llmark of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a sp

44、eaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, we know that the writer _.（分数：3.00）A.thinks that artificial intelligence is just around the comerB.doubts whether scien

45、tists can ever find artificial intelligenceC.does not believe that scientists have discovered real artificial intelligenceD.feels certain that scientists have obtained real artificial intelligence(2).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The author assumes tha

46、t the specialists“ complaints do not hold water.B.Anything that computers do should be seen as thought.C.It is very hard to define thought in the first place.D.Computers can play chess just like humans.(3).The advantage for computers in chess lies in _.（分数：3.00）A.its intelligence in thinking out nov

47、el movesB.its ability to make best use of all possible moves rapidlyC.in flexibility choosing movesD.its capacity in patterns recognition(4).What is particular for machine intelligence?（分数：3.00）A.Its flawless judgment.B.Its good flexibility.C.Its ability to think broadly.D.Its rigid approach to thou

48、ght.(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Computers can beat any person in playing chess.B.Computers can never be employed in weather forecast.C.Computers can be trained to understand some human words.D.Computers can be made to think as a teenager does.七、第

49、三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Satiric LiteraturePerhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is to look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chiva