职称英语综合类A级模拟86及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语综合类 A 级模拟 86 及答案解析(总分：101.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：16.50)1.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.（分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely2.If there should be human beings on other planets, they would be radically different from Americans.（分数：1.00）A.exactlyB.initiallyC.

2、basicallyD.partially3.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical4.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents“ consent .（分数：1.00）A.orderB.convictionC.permitD.co

3、mpromise5.She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.（分数：1.00）A.declaresB.assertsC.announcesD.describes6.He believes that Europe must change or it will perish .（分数：1.00）A.surviveB.lastC.dieD.move7.She gave up her job and started writing poetry.（分数：1.00）A.lostB.abandonedC.tookD.created8

4、He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.（分数：1.50）A.criticalB.terribleC.necessaryD.normal9.He talks tough but has a tender heart.（分数：1.00）A.heavyB.strongC.kindD.wild10.The room is dim and quiet.（分数：1.50）A.tinyB.pleasantC.darkD.agreeable11.Do not waste time on insignificant points.（分数：1.00）A.in

5、terestingB.dullC.unimportantD.boring12.Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.（分数：1.00）A.destroyB.decreaseC.polluteD.delay13.He seems bizarre these days.（分数：1.00）A.unusualB.absent-mindedC.crazyD.lunatic14.This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages（分数：1.50）

6、A.neverB.rarelyC.oftenD.only15.Not everyone can perceive the gradual change in the writer“s style.（分数：1.00）A.noticeB.describeC.appreciateD.see二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Spanish Flu EpidemicIf you“re worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in the fact th

7、at humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people. Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold. Normally, influenza only kills those w

8、ho are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick. However, the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia (肺炎). The Spanish Flu was quite nast

9、y-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe, devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging (蹂躏) the earth, it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen. Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some believe

10、it started in US first and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started, eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease, with a global morta

11、lity rate (死亡率) estimated at 2.5% of the population. Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The war did not help at all-the movement of

12、supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form of biological warfare. Luckily

13、 the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.（分数：7.00）(1).The Spanish Flu started during World War I.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Spanish Flu posed a greater threat to the old and the sick.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3

14、).As the Spanish Flu was spreading, people in Australia were worried.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Spanish Flu disappeared two years after it broke out.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The Spanish Flu was named after the place where it started.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not me

15、ntioned(6).About half of the people in the world suffered from the Spanish Flu.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Biological warfare originated in the 20th century.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)On Drug AbuseNowadays, millions of people misuse and even

16、overuse pain medications (药物) and other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically. NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remo

17、ve pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms (症状) and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out tha

18、t most individuals who take these drugs use them in a reason. Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids (阿片类药物), central nervous system (CNS) depressants (抑制剂) and stimulants (兴奋剂) does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although t

19、his abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers and women. Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of

20、 Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer comp

21、liance (遵守) with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines. Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over. In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug

22、or a sedative (镇静剂), women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers (止痛药), tranquillizers (安定药), stimulants and sedatives.

23、分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Drug overuse and its consequence B. The problem of drug overuse in America C. Benefits of medicine and its wise use D. Female drug overuse with reference to that of males E. Misuse of medicine among the young generation F. Improper use of medicine among senior citizens

24、分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）(5).For people who suffer from illness, medications can be used to 1. A. save their lives B. ease their pain C. 70 percent D. the elderly aged 65 and over consume one third of all drugs E. 13 percent F. drug ov

25、eruse causes harmful consequences（分数：1.00）(6).It is a serious public health concern that 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University states that 1.（分数：1.00）(8).In the study of elderly patients, women who overuse drugs take up 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Brit

26、ain“s Solo SailorEllen MacArthur started sailing when she was eight, going out oil sailing trips with her aunt. She loved it so much that she saved her money for three years to buy her first small sailing boat. When she was 18, she sailed alone around Britain and won the “Young Sailor of the Year“ a

27、ward. But Ellen really became famous in 2001. Aged only 24, she was one of only two women who entered the Vendee Globe round the world solo race, which lasts 100 days. Despite many problems, she came second in the race out of 24 competitors and she was given a very warm welcome when she returned. Am

28、bition and determination have always been a big part of Ellen“s personality. When she was younger, she lived in a kind of hut (棚屋) for three years while she was trying to get sponsorship to compete in a transatlantic race. Then she took a one-way ticked to France, bought a tiny seven meter Class Min

29、i yacht, slept under it while she was repairing it, and then she raced it 4,000 kilometers across the Atlantic in 1997, alone for 33 days. Ellen has had to learn many things, because sailing single-handed means that she has to be her own captain, electrician, sail maker, engineer, doctor, journalist

30、 cameraman and cook. She also has to be very fit, and because of the dangers of sleeping for long periods of time when she“s in the middle of the ocean. She has trained herself to sleep for about 20 minutes at a time. And she needs courage. Once, in the middle of the ocean, she had to climb the mas

31、t (桅杆) of a boat to repair the sails-at four o“clock in the morning, with 100 kph winds blowing around her. It took her many hours to make the repairs. Ellen says: “I was exhausted when I came down. It“s hard to describe how it feels to be up there. It“s like trying to hold onto a big pole, which fo

32、r me is just too big to get my arms around, with someone kicking you all the time and trying to shake you off.“ But in her diary, Ellen also describes moments which make it all worthwhile (值得的): “A beautiful sunrise started the day, with black clouds slowly lit by the bright yellow sun. I have a ver

33、y strong feeling of pleasure, being out here on the ocean and having the chance to live this. I just feel lucky to be here.“（分数：15.00）(1).In the Vendee Globe race, Ellen won _.（分数：3.00）A.a gold medalB.the “Best Woman Sailor“ awardC.the “Young Sailor of the Year“ awardD.the second place(2).Ellen live

34、d in a kind of hut for three years _.（分数：3.00）A.while she was learning how to repair sailsB.while she was trying to get financial support for a raceC.because she was interested in country lifeD.because she was ambitious for the coming race(3).The word “solo“ in the title could be best replaced by _.

35、分数：3.00）A.self-starterB.one performerC.self-madeD.single-handed(4).According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.She has trained herself to sleep for about 20 minutes at a time.B.She has to be her own teacher.C.She has to learn to repair sails.D.She has to be ve

36、ry fit.(5).How does Ellen feel about the Vendee Globe race?（分数：3.00）A.It is surprising.B.It is relaxing.C.It is enjoyable.D.It is dangerous.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist AttackIn the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineer

37、s are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable: Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists? Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multi

38、disciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about ho

39、w to design such structures and searching for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing. “Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damag

40、e,“ said M. Bruneau, Ph. D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings

41、 in the event of terrorist attacks,“ he added. Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “Th

42、is building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,“ explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.“ The visit to the area also revealed some

43、 surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing systems in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blas

44、t resistance,“ he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,“ said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you

45、can predict it.“ A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable

46、 to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present.“（分数：15.00）(1).The question raised in the first paragraph is one _.（分数：3.00）A.that was asked by structural engineers a month agoB.tha

47、t is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC.that was never thought of before the terrorist attackD.that terrorists are eager to find a solution to(2).The project funded by the National Science Foundation _.（分数：3.00）A.was first proposed by some engineers at UBB.took about two days

48、 to completeC.was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD.was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts(3).The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker _.（分数：3.00）A.was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB.was part of the World Trade CenterC.was shot through

49、 the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD.damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center(4).A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that _.（分数：3.00）A.floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamagedB.some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosionC.simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD.floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris(5).What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that _.（分数