职称英语综合类B级-阅读判断专项突破及答案解析.doc

1、职称英语综合类 B级-阅读判断专项突破及答案解析(总分：100.03，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Scotland: A Land of WisdomIn the 1740s, the famous French philosopher Voltaire said “We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization. “ Thats not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to searc

2、h for a first-class education.According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modern world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends-everything from the scientific method to market econom

3、ics. Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙运动), which is usually seen as taking place between the year

4、s 1740 and 1800. Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can exa

5、mine human behavior and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit.Humes enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the s

6、cientific method-the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form of information. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets,

7、we all come to benefit each other.Smiths idea has dominated modern views of economics. It also has wide applications. He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful through peace, trade and invention.Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time a

8、go, the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin (构成的基础) our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation (方向).（分数：28.00）(1).Scotland is the right place to receive a first-class educati

9、on.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(2).According to Arthur Herman, the Scots developed many important ideas which modern life depends on.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(3).Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish En

10、lightenment took place.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(4).David Hume was the first philosopher to study mankind.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(5).Smiths idea has extensive applications.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(6).Our current theories of h

11、uman exchange and enquiry have nothing to do with the ideas developed during the Scottish Enlightenment.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(7).Smith died in 1800.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.The Industrial Age and EmploymentThe industrial age has been the only perio

12、d of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting (大胆的) thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a bette

13、r future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving (剥夺) them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a livi

14、ng for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted (乘车往返) longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connectio

15、n with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary (惯例的) for the husband to go out to paid employment, leav

16、ing the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old

17、people were excluded-a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some efforts and resources away from the utopian (乌托邦的) goal of creating jobs for all, to the urg

18、ent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.（分数：28.00）(1).The established work patterns may be changed with the closing of the industrial age.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(2).Universal employment has brought about economic freedom.A. Right B. Wrong

19、C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(3).Many people depended on the land for a living before the 17th century.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(4).Improved transport enabled people to travel longer distances to their work places.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(5).Employe

20、d women of equal qualifications are paid less than men.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(6).A large number of teenagers will quit school next year.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.(7).Now is the time to handle the issue of employment in a practical manner.A. Right B.

21、Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C.They Say Irelands the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the princi

22、ple that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family and community life“.Despite the bad weat

23、her, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomi

24、est (最差的), picking up only 3. 89 points.“Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued,“ the report said, “some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown (崩溃) in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.

25、 “Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life. “The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings wou

26、ld have their critics.No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The U. K. is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statis

27、tics. The U.S., which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.（分数：23.03）(1).For 2, 005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.

28、29）A.B.C.(2).Job security is the least important measure of life quality.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.29）A.B.C.(3).Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.29）A.B.C.(4).Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.29

29、A.B.C.(5).Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.29）A.B.C.(6).To measure life quality is easy.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.29）A.B.C.(7).The United States of Ameri

30、ca is among the top 10 countries.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.29）A.B.C.Help Your Child Become a ReaderEncouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most imp

31、ortant thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional childrens games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.While reading or during play, tell your child, “1 spy with my little eye, som

32、ething that begins with the letter b. “ Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, “I see a barn.“ This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds. “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the sound s. “ Help the child find

33、 a word that begins with the “s“ sound.In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, “Simon says, point to something that starts with the letter n. “ The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also

34、 be used to teach beginning sounds.Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the childs name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real w

35、ords to one another.Tips to raise a successful reader.Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.Let children “read to you“ by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how wo

36、rds relate to pictures.Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctors office or grocery store.Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.（分数：21.00）(1).A good reading habit can help your child do well at school.A. Righ

37、t B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(2).Computer games can be used to help children develop their reading skills.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(3).One of the useful games is to play spy.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(4).When playing a game you should ask y

38、our child to find something starting with the letter b instead of c.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(5).The purpose of the rhyming games is to make preparations for children to write poems.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(6).You can ask your child to tell stories ba

39、sed on pictures.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(7).You should take books with you when you go out with your child.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.职称英语综合类 B级-阅读判断专项突破答案解析(总分：100.03，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Scotland: A Land of WisdomIn the 1740s, the famous

40、French philosopher Voltaire said “We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization. “ Thats not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education.According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modern world itself

41、 He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends-everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences w

42、ho actually shaped the Western world.It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙运动), which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800. Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenm

43、ent, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about th

44、e societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit.Humes enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method-the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famou

45、sly applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form of information. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other.Smiths idea has dominated modern views of economics. It also has wide applications. He

46、 was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful through peace, trade and invention.Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago, the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin (构成的基础) our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exis

47、ts in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation (方向).（分数：28.00）(1).Scotland is the right place to receive a first-class education.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A. B.C.解析：(2).According to Arthur Herman, the Scots developed many importa

48、nt ideas which modern life depends on.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A. B.C.解析：(3).Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish Enlightenment took place.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B. C.解析：(4).David Hume was the first philoso

49、pher to study mankind.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C. 解析：(5).Smiths idea has extensive applications.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A. B.C.解析：(6).Our current theories of human exchange and enquiry have nothing to do with the ideas developed during the Scottish Enlightenment.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B. C.解析：(7).Smith died in 1800.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：4.00）A.B.C. 解析：The Industrial Age and EmploymentThe industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the