专业八级-(无听力6及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级-(无听力 6 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complet

2、e a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word ( s ) you fill in is (are)

3、 both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Reading Efficiently by Reading IntelligentlyUsing good reading strategies, you can gel the maximum benefit from your reading with the minimum effort. In todays

4、lecture I will show you how to use six different strategies to read intelligently.Strategy 1: Knowing what you want to knowA. ask yourself: whats your goalB. examine the text: look at the introduction and U U 1 /U /U ask whether the book is suitable and satisfying consider to find a better one if no

5、tStrategy 2: Knowing how deeply to study the materialA. skimming in need of U U 2 /U /UB. scanning in need of a moderate level of informationC. U U 3 /U /Uin need of detailed knowledgeStrategy 3: Active readingA. highlight and U U 4 /U /Uthe text as you read emphasize information and help you to rev

6、iew later you can only do this on your own booksB. compare the benefit and the value of the bookStrategy 4: How to study different sorts of materialA. magazines: scan U U 5 /U /Uand turn to interesting articlesB. newspapers: learn the useful sections and skip altogetherC. articles within U U 6 /U /U

7、 news articles: read the information U U 7 /U /U opinion articles: read the introduction and the summary feature articles: read U U 8 /U /Uof the textStrategy 5: Reading “whole passage“ documentsA. it is easy to accept the writers structure of thoughtB. compile your own U U 9 /U /Ubefore opening the

8、 documentStrategy 6. Using glossaries with technical documentsA. U U 10 /U /Uor compile a glossaryB. note down the key concepts in your own words （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE

9、 ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the inter

10、view. （分数：5.00）(1).What can elementary schoolers have for nutritious drinks? A. Water and t00% juice drinks. B. Diet soft drinks and water. C. Sports drinks and juices. D. Non-carbonated drinks and water.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which is INCORRECT about the responsibility of sodas for making kids fat? A

11、. The Beverage Association would say theyre getting too much blame. B. A study shows they increase the risk of being overweight. C. The man says theyre contributing to the obesity epidemic. D. The woman says theyre unhealthy but have nothing to do with obesity.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the follo

12、wing statements is CORRECT? A. Diet soda is fine at times. B. Soda can replace regular diet. C. Low fat milk is healthier than juice. D. Diet soda makes kids eat more.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How many ounces of 100% juice should teens have a day? A. 4 to 6. B. 8 to 12. C. 10 to 14. D. 12 to 15.（分数：1.00）

13、A.B.C.D.(5).People should find ways to finance all the school programs EXCEPT A. sports. B. music. C. arts. D. advertisements.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the corre

14、ct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item. you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. U.S. officials have shut down websites that A. provide illegal film-viewing services. B. crack websites

15、of banks and movie producers. C. cheat visitors of access fees to movies. D. offer free advertising services to filmmakers.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news

16、. （分数：2.00）(1).According to the news, people in most Muslim countries A. dont have a positive altitude toward U. S. B. have a negative attitude toward Indonesia. C. hope that U. S. president can visit their countries. D. dont care whether President Obama changes his visit plans.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).

17、Anis Baswedan believes that the similarity between Indonesia and U. S. is that tbcy both A. have many domestic concerns. B. are motherlands of President Obama. C. are multi-cultural countries. D. are symbols of inclusion and equality.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following new

18、s. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. （分数：2.00）(1).CEBS reported that A. most European banks have failed the stress tests. B. half European banks have failed the stress tests. C. a few European banks have failed the stress tests

19、. D. none European banks have failed the stress tests.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some analysts feel that A. the standards of the stress tests are not high enough. B. under the present economic situation, there should be some compromises. C. the tests may have a lot of unsolved problems and disputes. D. th

20、e European Central Bank should be more involved in the tests.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)At this time of the year, your correspondent crosses the Pacific to Japan for a month or so. He repeats the trip during the summer. He considers it crucial in order

21、to keep abreast of all the ingenious technology which, once debugged by the worlds most acquisitive consumers, will wind up in American and European shops a year or two later.Each time he packs his bags, though, he is embarrassed by having to include a dog-eared set of notes that really ought to be

22、locked up in a safe. This is his list of togons and passwords for all the websites he uses for doing business and staying in touch with the rest of the world. At the last count, the inch-thick list accumulated over the past decade or so your correspondents sole copy includes access details for no fe

23、wer than 174 online services and computer networks.He admits to flouting the advice of security experts: his failings include using essentially the same logon and password for many similar sites, relying on easily remembered words and, heaven forbid, writing them down on scraps of paper. So his new

24、years resolution is to set up a proper software vault for the various passwords and ditch the dog-eared list.Your correspondents one consolation is that he is not alone in using easily crackable words for most of his passwords. Indeed, the majority of online users have an understandable aversion to

25、strong, but hard-to-remember, passwords. The most popular passwords in Britain are “123“ followed by “password“. At least people in America have learned to combine letters and numbers. Their most popular ones are “password1“ followed by “abc123“.Unfortunately, the easier a password is to remember, t

26、he easier it is for thieves to guess. Ironically, the opposite the harder it is to remember, the harder it is to crack is often far from true. That is because, not being able to remember long, jumbled sets of alphanumeric characters interspersed with symbols, people resort to writing them down on Po

27、st-it notes left lying around the office or home for all and sundry to see.Apart from stealing passwords from Post-it notes and the like, intruders basically use one of two hacks to gain access to other peoples computers or networks. If time and money is no problem, they can use brute-force methods

28、that simply try every combination of letters, numbers and symbols until a match is found. That takes a lot of patience and computing power, and tends to be the sort of thing only intelligence agencies indulge in.What should you do to protect yourself? Choose passwords that are strong enough to make

29、cracking them too time consuming for thieves to bother.The strength of a password depends on its length, complexity and randomness. A good length is at least eight symbols. The complexity depends on the character set. Using numbers alone limits the choice to just ten symbols. Add upper- and lower-ca

30、se letters and the complexity rises to 62. Use all the symbols on a standard ASCII keyboard and you have 95 to choose from.The third component, randomness, is measured by a concept borrowed from thermodynamics the notion of entropy (the tendency for things to become disordered). In information theor

31、y, a tossed coin has an entropy of one “bit“ (binary digit).The National Institute of Standards and Technology recommends 80-bit passwords for state secrets and the like. Such security can be achieved using passwords with 12 symbols, drawn from the full set of 95 symbols on the standard American key

32、board. For ordinary purposes, that would seem overkill. A 52-bit password based on eight symbols selected from the standard keyboard is generally adequate.How to select the eight? Best to let a computer program generate them randomly for you. Unfortunately, the result will be something like 6sDt% k

33、on the other it is charged with peddling irrelevant, misleading nonsense. In fact, there are many kinds of test and some are much more useful than others. For some rare disorders, such as Huntingtons and Tay-Sachs, genetic information is a diagnosis. But this is unusual. Most diseases are more compl

34、icated and involve several genes, or an environmental component, or both. Someones chance of getting skin cancer, for example, will depend on whether he worships the sun as well as on his genes.Americas Government Accountability Office (GAO) did not grasp that distinction, between prediction and dia

35、gnosis, when it lambasted genetics-testing companies recently for offering disease predictions that were at odds with their customers actual medical conditions, it was wrong because even someone who has a lower-than-average genetic risk of heart disease can suffer a terminal cardiac arrest. And the

36、GAO report also went to extraordinary lengths to reveal what the industry has openly admitted for years: that results of disease-prediction tests from different companies sometimes conflict with one another, because there is no industry-wide agreement on standard lifetime risks.Regulators ought to a

37、ssist in drawing up the standards the industry has been asking for. it might also be wise to consider asking for certain proofs to have been established before a firln can claim to be able to make a firm association between a disease and a DNA sequence. For some complex conditions all the genes that

38、 contribute to risk have not yet been discovered.But three things argue against wholesale regulation. First.the level of interference needs to bc based on the level of risk a test represents. The government does not need to be involved if someone decides to trace his ancestry or discover what type o

39、f earwax hc has. Second, the laws on fraud should bc sufficient to deal with the snake-oil salesmen who promise to predict, say, whether a child might be a sporting champion. And third, science is changing very fast. Fairly soon, a customers whole genome will be sequenced, not merely the parts thoug

40、ht to be medically relevant that the testing companies now concentrate on, and he will then be able to crank the results through open-source interpretation software down-loadable from anywhere on the planet. That will create problems, but the only way to stop that happening would be to make it illeg

41、al for someone to have his genome sequenced and nobody is seriously suggesting that illiberal restriction.Instead, then, of reacting in a hostile fashion to the trend for people to take genetic tests, governments should be asking themselves how they can make best use of this new source of informatio

42、n. Restricting access to tests that inform people about bad reactions to drugs could do harm. The real question is not who controls access, but how to minimise the risks and maximise the rewards of a useful revolution.（分数：5.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that A. people will not suffer fr

43、om various kinds of diseases any more. B. people will know clearly why they are afflicted with certain disease. C. experts are bound to help patients identify their gene inheritance. D. the development of genetic tests is out of peoples expectation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).American governments attitude

44、towards genetic tests is one of A. impartiality. B. aversion. C. nonchalance. D. misgiving.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the word “lambasted“ in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Extolled. B. Consoled. C. Slated. D. Alienated.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).As to genetic tests, the government should A. improve se

45、lf-discipline of the industry. B. strengthen its supervision within limits. C. supply an unconstrained environment. D. commit itself to reforming the industry.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors purpose of writing the passage is to tell us A. a disease will soon be wiped out forever. B. a DNA test defi

46、nitely wont reveal ones future. C. a crackdown on consumer genetics is unwise. D. a regulation will be issued to minimize genetic risks.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、BTEXT C/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Nearly 2, 000 feet in the air, above where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the approaching storm is

47、in full view; millions of gallons of wind-swept crude oil, in streaks that arc not black but orange, red and brown. Its easier to grasp the severity of the crisis unraveling in the Gulf of Mexico when you have an airborne perspective of the oil that is barreling toward the shore. A group of environm

48、entalists, reporters and bayou defenders went up on a small plane for a tour of the coast. “Ill show you the Cajun Bahamas, “the pilot, Lyle Panepinto, said. Minutes later, he pushed the plane from 1, 100 feet to 2, 000 feet above the water, out toward the Chandeleur Islands, between Louisiana and Mississippi. Earlier this week, scientists collected sa