中级阅读-阅读2及答案解析.doc

1、中级阅读-阅读 2及答案解析(总分：45.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Business PlanningABusiness planning is a process that involves the creation of a mission or a goal for a company, as well as defining the strategies that will be used to meet those goals or mission. The process of bu

2、siness planning can be very broad, encompassing each aspect of the operation, or be focused on particular functions within the overall corporate structure. Often, business planning involves the utilization of resources within the company as well as engaging the services of consultants to assist in d

3、esigning and implementing the plan.BThere are several points in the life of a business when the process of business planning is an essential task. Starting up a new company involves performing at least rudimentary business planning in order to address such factors as defining the goals of the compan

4、y, obtaining operating licenses, incorporating the business if appropriate, and defining the basic structure for the new business. Along with these factors, business planning will also address the issue of what goods and services to offer and how to go about producing those core products.CA second s

5、tage when business planning comes into play is when an existing company wishes to expand operations. The business planning will determine what is needed in order to manage the expansion process, especially in regards to financing new facilities, expanding sales and marketing efforts, or designing a

6、new communications infrastructure to meet the needs of the expansion. It is not unusual for consultants to be called during this type of business planning, as the process often involves a drastic overhaul of the companys operations.DBusiness planning may also be advantageous in the event of acquisit

7、ions. For example, Company A decides to buy Company B and integrate their operations into the overall company structure. This will often mean developing a business plan that addresses issues such as negotiating new service contracts with vendors to include the acquired company, combining some functi

8、ons or physical locations in order to maximize efficiency, and rearranging departmental functions and the personnel who will staff those departments.（分数：7.00）(1).It is necessary to make out what the company will be like through planning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Professionals in business planning are ofte

9、n needed because of much renovation work.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Planning will begin before a merger takes place.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Business planning is either comprehensive or specific.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).When you want to enter a new market, planning helps you a lot.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Planning involv

10、es all the aspects related with the potential restructure.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).What the company wishes to achieve is established in planning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Celebrity EndorsementsThe pitfalls of celebrity marketing become apparent anywhere very quickly. In todays borderless w

11、orld of the Internet and YouTube, any celebrity misstep is captured for posterity, and any brand that is truly global needs to think globally about this problem. Consumers outside of the U.S. are often far less forgiving of poor behavior. At a time when consumers are cutting back and brands need to

12、stretch their marketing dollars farther than ever, the risks in celebrities may mean that marketing money should be spent elsewhere.In China Christian Dior got hit harder than any of Phelps brands when its celebrity endorser, Sharon Stone, made cruel remarks about the millions of victims of the Sich

13、uan earthquake last year, saying they deserved what they got because of Chinas treatment of the Dalai Lama. (8) Liu Xiang, Chinas star hurdler, is perhaps the countrys most visible celebrity, and brands such as Nike, Visa, Cadillac and the Chinese milk producer Yili have jumped at the chance to have

14、 him endorse their products. (9) The China Market Research Group, conducted interviews with several hundred consumers in six cities and found that Chinese consumers were confused about what brands Liu Xiang actually represented. Nike was a lock, since people could make the connection between a star

15、athlete and Nike products, but Visa, Cadillac and Yili, among others had single and low-double-digit recognition rates as brands Liu Xiang represented. (10) To make matters worse, an injury to his ankle caused Liu Xiang to back out of 2008 Beijing Olympics entirely, after reaching the starting line

16、in his opening heat. That gave his sponsors, as well as China in general, real heartache. (11) Liu Xiang had done nothing wrong, but his sponsors earned very little return on a very large investment.(12) For every Michael Jordan or Tiger Woods, there are 10 Michael Vicks (the dogfight-loving footbal

17、l player) or O.J. Simpsons, and ill-conceived remarks such as Sharon Stones can quickly flush advertising dollars and years of brand positioning and equity down the drain. In markets like China, where brands are just starting to build emotional connections with consumers and trust with brands is low

18、, the damage can be irreparable.A It is surprising that brands still rely so heavily on celebrity endorsements, considering the risks involved.B Her remarks sparked immediate protests, and Dior suffered a major setback in one of the worlds strongest-growing cosmetics markets.C But for all his star p

19、ower, does his endorsement work?D Furthermore, fewer than 20% said that an endorsement by Liu Xiang would make them buy products from any of the companies except Nike.E Of course, celebrity endorsements do work sometimes, for instance for Nike with Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods.F Too much money had

20、 been spent on an athlete who competes on the world stage only once every four years.G The pitfalls of celebrity marketing become apparent anywhere very quickly.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Dont Share Too Much Information with Co-WorkersThere are several rea

21、sons for not sharing personal information with your co-workers. You may not want to burden your co-workers. As I alluded to, also, did not trust your co-workers to keep your secret. There are people around, and we all know someone like this, who will think nothing of talking about you. Some people a

22、re very matter-of-fact about it and just assume theres nothing wrong with telling others whatever you told them. Some may be malicious and intend to cause harm by spreading information. By the time you find out youve shared your story with the wrong person, its usually too late.Those of you who have

23、 been around dogs know that a dog will show its submissiveness to a more dominant dog by exposing its belly. When you share personal information, especially information that shows your weaknesses, you may be “exposing your belly“ to your co-workers. If your position at work requires you to exhibit s

24、trength and control, such as a managerial position, you may be showing just the opposite by sharing certain information. Heres what Elizabeth Mitchell, a senior editor, had to say about this,“ Decisions are made and impressions formed about us while at work that are used for different reasons than t

25、hose with our families and friends. For example, a person being considered for a promotion would benefit from having an image of strength, excellent judgment and good interpersonal skills. How might your recent disclosure to your colleagues that you are divorcing your alcoholic husband, just obtaine

26、d a restraining order in fear for your life and are worried about making your house payments, affect your chances for promotion? You cant sleep, fear you are depressed and need support from friends during this trying time. In this situation, a wise employee would make an appointment with an Employee

27、 Assistance Program counselor and use his or her friends and family for support, letting colleagues at work know, perhaps, that he or she is divorcing but keeping the details scant. “As mentioned earlier, revealing too much about yourself may give people the wrong impression or rather the impression

28、 you dont want them to have. In general, you do want to preserve some level of privacy. Susan Heathfield says, “When you have worked in a particular work place for a long time, people will tend to know more about your personal world, simply from longevity. As an example, they know when you took a we

29、ek off work when your mother died. They know you left for the day when your son got sick at school. This level of knowledge about each other is fine and, depending on the work place, almost unavoidable .“Brian Mairs, a career expert, gets straight to the point, “If you dont want to hear it in the ne

30、ighborhood pub, dont mention it around the water cooler. If it is a thing of pride (new car, new house, new baby, etc), go ahead and share the joy. If it is a thing of privacy (family problems, etc. ) keep it to yourself at work. Find a professional therapist, or somebody you trust to keep a confide

31、nce (such as a Priest or Rabbi), to discuss such things. “As with anything else, you are the only one who can decide what, and how much information you want to share with your co-workers. The words of wisdom provided by my colleagues certainly give you something to think about. In the end, though, t

32、he decision is yours. And the consequences are yours to deal with. If opening up your personal life is what you feel comfortable to do, realize that there will be no line between the “work you“ and the “real you“. That may be fine for some people, and as a matter of fact preferable for many. A lot o

33、f people would feel uncomfortable and unhappy exhibiting a different persona at work than they do at home. Do what you need to do, as long as it doesnt interfere with doing your job.（分数：6.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the main reason for not sharing personal information with your co-workers is that

34、A some people cannot keep your secret.B some people feel it a burden to listen to you.C some people may use it to do harm to you.D some people take it for granted to talk about you.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The essence of what Elizabeth Mitchell says is thatA it is dangerous to “expose you belly“.B one s

35、hould share different information with different people.C people make decisions and form impressions about you based on the information you share.D one should never share personal information showing weaknesses.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Elizabeth Mitchell, when he or she is faced with a divo

36、rce, a wise employee shouldA ask the colleagues for help and support.B conceal the fact and keep it a secret.C get advice from experts and comfort from friends and family.D show an image of strength, excellent judgment and good interpersonal skills.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Susan Heathfield thinks, your

37、co-workers know much about you becauseA you do not keep your personal issues in confidence.B you have been working together for a long time.C you talk and share too much.D they tend to hear the details of your family problems.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What CANNOT be inferred according to Brian Mairs?A Th

38、e walls have ears.B Never believe anybody.C Bad news spreads far and wide.D Keep your privacy from work.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).To deal with the information-sharing-at-work problem, it is important toA set a line between the “work you“ and the “real you“.B be a different one at work from the one at hom

39、e.C do your own way and make yourself comfortable.D decide what, and how much information you want to share.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Hiring Non-U.S. CitizensAlthough the majority of firms in the United States hire U.S. citizens, the (19) for the worlds best talent may require cros

40、sing the U.S. borders. This is increasingly (20) in industries such as software development, engineering, pharmaceuticals, and aerospace, where high-ability, low-cost talent can be found in Russia, India, Taiwan Singapore, China, and Korea. However, hiring foreign nationals for U.S. firms is not as

41、easy as you might think. There are a number of (21) to overcome when hiring non-U.S. citizens.For example, documenting and (22) the credentials of foreign nationals is difficult. For example, if the applicant has attended a non-U.S. university, how do the institution and the degree (23) compare to w

42、hat would be found in the United States? To get around overseas educational idiosyncrasies, some companies like Mobil Corporation (24) their own screening tests for basic skills in reading and math. Other companies, such as the Knowledge Company in Fairfax, Virginia, employ work-sample tests, where,

43、 for example, an (25) for an engineering job would be asked to submit drawings and plans for a certain product, which would be (26) by experts.Also, the typical criminal background (27) is difficult because, except the most serious crimes, there is little information within the United States regardi

44、ng crimes (28) in other countries. Beyond this, the American Foreign (29) Practices Act even (30) U.S. entry of foreign businesspeople who might have bribed government officials in their home countrieseven if that is not against the law in those countries.Finally, even if one is able to obtain the n

45、ecessary data for making an informed hiring decision with (31) to a foreign national, the U.S. Department of Labor (32) the employer to show that the employ of this person will not adversely affect wages and working conditions of U.S. citizens who work in (33) occupations and no U.S. citizens are wi

46、lling and able to do the work at that specific time.（分数：15.00）(1).A seek B request C search D research（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A easy B common C difficult D much（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A restrictions B limitations C barricades D barriers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A verifying B terrifying C justifying D testifyin

47、g（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A rewarded B awarded C granted D prized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A direct B manage C conduct D carry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A employee B applicant C candidate D nominee（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A tested B evaluated C estimated D valued（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A review B examination C search D c

48、heck（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A offended B violated C made D committed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A Corrupt B Business C Company D Operation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A allows B bars C refuses D accepts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A evidence B respect C proof D documentation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A demands B asks C requir

49、es D requests（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A identical B same C similar D alike（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：12.00)LeadershipIn general, a business firms success depends on the style and effectiveness of its leaders.Then, what makes successful leadership? This is a question of great interest to all such34 managers and management researchers. Many theories have been propose