专业八级-290及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级-290 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)The land of apple pie and baseballthe United States of America. Of course we all know there is more to America than apple pie and baseball. Here are more about the culture of USA. The 1 American society is a blend of native America

2、ns as well as the large 2 number of immigrants from various countries like Ireland, Germany, Poland, Italy, Latin America, Asia and Africa. Having gone through a phase of race discrimination, the United States of America 3 today recognizes four races in the countryNative American, African-American,

3、Asian and European American. The minority of 4 United States includes Protestant Christians. The percentage of Catholics is slightly less than the Protestants. In addition to this, a number of people in the USA have also adopted the other religions. In the early years American art and 5 literature t

4、ook most of their ideas and influences from European 6 artists. During the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth centuries, American paintings primarily included landscapes and portraits with a realistic style. The industrial revolution was 7 responsible for new influences thereafter. Ame

5、rican literature is also known for development of popular literary genres such as ruthless crime fiction. As far as dance is concerning, USA has its share of dance 8 varieties like the trademark Lindy Hop and its derivative Rock and Roll. There is also the modern square dance and the modern dance. I

6、n addition to this, there is a wide influence of several African- American dances. The United States of America does not have an official international language as such. But the majority of American 9 population speaks English. Owing the large number of immigrants 10 from Spain, Spanish is the secon

7、d-most common language in America.（分数：25.00）Cultures are different because the locations they exist in are different. Some people living in the desert, are going to live differently from people live in a jungle. So when they have to decide 11 why the sky is blue, if you“re living in the jungle and t

8、here are loads of blue flowers, you might say it“s because there are loads of these blue flowers up here. If you live in the desert you might have 12 ever seen a blue flower so you say it“s because there“s water up 13 there. So people come out with this different stuff, and then they 14 elaborate on

9、 it, and change it around. Then their kids move to different places and it gets all mix up, and the stories change, and 15 people invent science and that changes everything tooalthough the 16 beginnings are still there. Everyone knows now that the sky“s blue because light wavelength absorption diffe

10、rences, but you still have 17 people who grew up one way saying “My grandmother told me a story about blue flowers in the sky“ and the other people say “my 18 grandmother told me a story about seas of water in the sky“, and that“s a different culture. In the Mediterranean they never saw corn unless

11、they sent 19 people exploring to the Americas; and in the Americas they“d never seen olives until the guys from the Mediterranean brought some up. 20 The people in the Americas have made a lot of corn cakes and corn bread and stuff, and that was part of their culture; and the guys from the Mediterra

12、nean made a lot of olive stuff, oil and foods, and that was part of their culture.（分数：25.00）Technologies collapse the distance between a desire and its fulfillment by reducing either the time or the effort involved. This has long been the point on that new technologies have been 21 marketing, and di

13、gital technologies have only augmented a 22 longstanding trend. But they have done so to such a degree and the 23 change may be qualitative. Consider the ease on which we may now 24 locate, purchase, and receive commodities that just a few years ago would have taken us considerably less time and tro

14、uble to acquire. 25 The content of a book is only one of a multitude of possible examples, but it illustrates the point remarkably well. Theoretical science in his view required aristocratic repose and leisure, and anything of the sort existed in America. Instead, Americans were 26 promiscuously act

15、ive. All of this is marvelous and fascinating and helpful, but cranks, and I“m not always above being a crank, might point out that making something effortless and instant simultaneously renders it ephemeral and trivial. If you eliminate the effort and time involved realizing a desire, you also dimi

16、nish the satisfaction and joy 27 that attends the fulfillment. Beyond this, however, there is also a 28 matter of habits and assumptions and how these in turn shape individuals who together comprise of the political and economic 29 culture of the nation. What sorts of habits, then, are inculcated by

17、 a technological environment ordered around this general tendency? Certainly not the kind of habits that sit well with the venerable notion of delaying gratification. Nor, it would seem, would these 30 habits leave one well suited for the demands of citizenship.（分数：25.00）In every economic system, en

18、trepreneurs and managers bring together natural resources, labor, and technology to produce and distribute goods and services. But the way these different elements are organized and used also reflect a nation“s political ideals and 31 their culture. The United States is often described as a “capital

19、ist“ 32 economy, a term coined by 19th-century German economist and social theorist Karl Marx to describe a system which a small group of 33 people who control large amounts of money, or capital, make the most important economic decisions. Marx contrasted capitalist economies to “socialist“ ones, wh

20、ich give more power in the political system. Marx and his followers believed that capitalist economies concentrate power in the hand of wealthy business 34 people, who aim mainly to maximize profits; socialist economies, on the other hand, would be more like to feature greater control by 35 governme

21、nt, which tends to put political aimsa more equal distribution of society“s resources, for instanceahead of profits. Does pure capitalism exist in the United States? While those categories, if oversimplified, have elements of truth to them, they 36 are far less relevant today. If the pure capitalism

22、 described by Marx ever existed, it has long since disappeared, as governments in the United States and many of other countries have intervened in their 37 economies to limit concentrations of power and address many of the social problems associating with unchecked private commercial 38 interests. A

23、s a result, the American economy is perhaps better described as a “mixed“ economy, with government playing the 39 important role along with private enterprise. Although Americans often disagree about exactly where to draw the line between their beliefs in both free enterprise and government manageme

24、nt, the mixed economy they have developed has been remarkable successful. 40 （分数：25.00）专业八级-290 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)The land of apple pie and baseballthe United States of America. Of course we all know there is more to America than apple pie and baseball. Here

25、are more about the culture of USA. The 1 American society is a blend of native Americans as well as the large 2 number of immigrants from various countries like Ireland, Germany, Poland, Italy, Latin America, Asia and Africa. Having gone through a phase of race discrimination, the United States of A

26、merica 3 today recognizes four races in the countryNative American, African-American, Asian and European American. The minority of 4 United States includes Protestant Christians. The percentage of Catholics is slightly less than the Protestants. In addition to this, a number of people in the USA hav

27、e also adopted the other religions. In the early years American art and 5 literature took most of their ideas and influences from European 6 artists. During the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth centuries, American paintings primarily included landscapes and portraits with a realistic

28、 style. The industrial revolution was 7 responsible for new influences thereafter. American literature is also known for development of popular literary genres such as ruthless crime fiction. As far as dance is concerning, USA has its share of dance 8 varieties like the trademark Lindy Hop and its d

29、erivative Rock and Roll. There is also the modern square dance and the modern dance. In addition to this, there is a wide influence of several African- American dances. The United States of America does not have an official international language as such. But the majority of American 9 population sp

30、eaks English. Owing the large number of immigrants 10 from Spain, Spanish is the second-most common language in America.（分数：25.00）解析：areis解析 主谓不一致。该句为倒装句，真正的主语为 more about the culture of USA“更多关于美国文化的事情”，为单数，谓语动词应该用单数形式，故将 are改为 is。解析：thea解析 冠词误用。a large number of 的意思是“很多的，大量的”，而 the number of的意思是“的

31、数量”，句中想要表达的意思是“大量的移民”，故将 the改为 a。解析：raceracial解析 词性混用。racial discrimination 的意思是“种族歧视”，应该用形容词racial，而不用名词 race。解析：minoritymajority解析 语义错误。minority 的意思是“少数人”，而 majority的意思是“大多数人”，根据后文中“天主教徒的比例略小于新教徒”可知，该处应该表示大多数美国人信奉新教，故将 minority改为 majority。解析：第一个 the the 解析 冠词冗余。other 的意思是“其他的”，而 the other的意思是“(在一定

32、范围内)其他的”。该处意思是“大量的美国人也接受了其他的宗教”，并未指出某一特定范围内的其他宗教，故将 the去掉。解析：theirits解析 代词误用。该句的主语为 American art and literature“美国的文化和艺术”，其为单数意义，故物主代词应该用 its。解析：within解析 介词误用。in a.style“以的形式”为固定用法，故将介词 with改为in。解析：concerningconcerned解析 非谓语动词误用。as far as.is concerned 为固定搭配，意思是“就而言”，故将现在分词 concerning改为过去分词 concerned。

33、解析：internationalnational解析 语义错误。该句表达的意思是“同样地，美国也没有一种全国性的官方语言”，而并非“国际性的语言”，故将 international改为 national。解析：Owingto解析 介词缺失。owing to 为固定搭配，意思是“由于”，故在 owing后加上介词 to。Cultures are different because the locations they exist in are different. Some people living in the desert, are going to live differently fr

34、om people live in a jungle. So when they have to decide 11 why the sky is blue, if you“re living in the jungle and there are loads of blue flowers, you might say it“s because there are loads of these blue flowers up here. If you live in the desert you might have 12 ever seen a blue flower so you say

35、 it“s because there“s water up 13 there. So people come out with this different stuff, and then they 14 elaborate on it, and change it around. Then their kids move to different places and it gets all mix up, and the stories change, and 15 people invent science and that changes everything tooalthough

36、 the 16 beginnings are still there. Everyone knows now that the sky“s blue because light wavelength absorption differences, but you still have 17 people who grew up one way saying “My grandmother told me a story about blue flowers in the sky“ and the other people say “my 18 grandmother told me a sto

37、ry about seas of water in the sky“, and that“s a different culture. In the Mediterranean they never saw corn unless they sent 19 people exploring to the Americas; and in the Americas they“d never seen olives until the guys from the Mediterranean brought some up. 20 The people in the Americas have ma

38、de a lot of corn cakes and corn bread and stuff, and that was part of their culture; and the guys from the Mediterranean made a lot of olive stuff, oil and foods, and that was part of their culture.（分数：25.00）解析：liveliving 或者livewho解析 动词形式错误。该处 people及其后的部分作介词 from的宾语，因此修饰 people的动词 live应该用非谓语动词形式，并且

39、表示主动含义，故应将 live改为living。也可以将后面看作一个先行词为 people的定语从句，因此也可以在 live前加上关系代词 who。解析：herethere解析 代词误用。here“这儿”一般指距离较近的地方，而 there“那儿”一般指距离较远的地方。该处指代前面提到的 in the jungle，应该用 there。解析：evernever解析 语义错误。根据上下文可知，该句表达的意思是“如果你在沙漠中生活，也许从未看到过蓝色的花，所以你会解释说是因为那边有水才有这样的花”，表示“从未”应该用 never。解析：outup解析 固定搭配错误。come up with 为固定

40、搭配，意思是“提出，想出”，故将 out改为 up。解析：mixmixed解析 动词形式错误。该句中 gets为系动词，其后应该接形容词或者非谓语动词，而此处表示被动含义，应该用过去分词，故将 mix改为 mixed。解析：althoughbut解析 连词误用。该句表达的意思是“后来科学的出现使一切都发生了改变，但是最古老的说法仍然存在”。该处表示转折而非让步，故将 although改为 but。解析：becauseof解析 介词缺失。because 后面接从句，而 because of后面接名词或名词性短语，此处 light wavelength absorption differences

41、为名词性短语，故要在 because后面加上介词 of。解析：第二个 the the 解析 冠词冗余。other.的意思是“其他的”，而 the other.的意思是“(在一定范围内)其他的”。该处表示“其他人”，没有指出是在一定范围内的人，故将 the去掉。解析：unlessuntil解析 连词误用。该处的意思是“地中海地区的居民从未见过玉米，直到他们派遣一些人去了美国”。not(never)until为固定搭配，意思是“直到才”，而 unless的意思是“除非”，不符合句意，故将 unless改为 until。解析：upover解析 固定搭配错误。该处的意思是“美国人从没有见过橄榄，直到从

42、地中海过来的人给他们带来一些。”bringup 的意思是“提出，教育，养育”，而 bringover的意思是“带来”，故将 up改为 over。Technologies collapse the distance between a desire and its fulfillment by reducing either the time or the effort involved. This has long been the point on that new technologies have been 21 marketing, and digital technologies h

43、ave only augmented a 22 longstanding trend. But they have done so to such a degree and the 23 change may be qualitative. Consider the ease on which we may now 24 locate, purchase, and receive commodities that just a few years ago would have taken us considerably less time and trouble to acquire. 25

44、The content of a book is only one of a multitude of possible examples, but it illustrates the point remarkably well. Theoretical science in his view required aristocratic repose and leisure, and anything of the sort existed in America. Instead, Americans were 26 promiscuously active. All of this is

45、marvelous and fascinating and helpful, but cranks, and I“m not always above being a crank, might point out that making something effortless and instant simultaneously renders it ephemeral and trivial. If you eliminate the effort and time involved realizing a desire, you also diminish the satisfactio

46、n and joy 27 that attends the fulfillment. Beyond this, however, there is also a 28 matter of habits and assumptions and how these in turn shape individuals who together comprise of the political and economic 29 culture of the nation. What sorts of habits, then, are inculcated by a technological env

47、ironment ordered around this general tendency? Certainly not the kind of habits that sit well with the venerable notion of delaying gratification. Nor, it would seem, would these 30 habits leave one well suited for the demands of citizenship.（分数：25.00）解析：thatwhich解析 关系代词误用。此处为定语从句，先行词为 the point，且关系

48、代词前有介词on，所以必须用 which来引导。解析：marketingmarketed解析 非谓语动词误用。通过前面的 have been且根据 technologies和market之间的动宾关系，可以推断该处的句子应该用被动语态，been 后应接过去分词，故将 marketing改为 marketed。解析：andthat解析 固定搭配错误。to such a degree that.为固定结构，意思是“到如此程度以至于”，故将 and改为 that。解析：onwith解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。该处为定语从句，先行词为 ease，with ease 为固定短语，意思是“不费力地”，故关

49、系代词 which前需加上 with而不是 on。解析：lessmore解析 语义错误。根据语义，该句表达的意思是“在过去，选择、购买、得到物品需要更多的时间，也更麻烦些”，故将 less改为 more。解析：anythingnothing解析 代词误用。根据后文的 instead可知，此处表达的意思是否定的，应该是“这在美国是不复存在的”，故应将 anything改为 nothing。解析：involvedin解析 介词缺失。involved in doing sth. 的意思是“涉及，包含”，为固定搭配，故在 involved后加上 in。解析：athe解析 冠词误用。该句中 matter后面接有 of构成的介词短语作定语，表示特指，故将 a改为 the。解析：of of 解析 介词冗余。comprise 的意思是“包含，由组成”，为及物动词，故将介词 of去掉。解析：delayingdelayed解析 非谓语动词误用。gratification 的意思是“满意，喜悦”，和动词delay之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词