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专业八级-316及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级-316 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)1.开卷有益,是古人奖励读书的一句成语。从前读到一册坏书,读后每觉得为古人所欺;现在多了一点智识,反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。总之,好书读了,原有所得,就是可以知道它的好处在哪里。可是坏书读了,而知道它的坏的原因与地方,岂不也是一得?从前孔子说的“三人行,必有我师”之意,也不一定是从正的一方面着想,反过来在负的一方面,也何尝不可以为鉴戒。因此,从前是非有定评之书不读的,现在却马勃牛溲了,一例的都想看看了,这大约总也是一种进步的现象。 (分数:12.50)_2.读书的状态大致分为三种:一是为别人而读,二是为有用而读,三是为兴

2、趣而读。 处在第一种状态是最痛苦的,自己本不想读,但迫于外界压力却不得不读。好多中小学生就属于这种情形。在这样的状态下,读书真是苦不堪言。有不少学生曾咬牙切齿地发誓:毕业考试一结束,一定把书烧掉。 一些为了拿文凭、评职称而读书的亦在此列,对于他们而言,读书实在是件苦差事。 第二种是为有用而读书。处在此列的人已知书中自有黄金屋和颜如玉,已经能从烟波浩淼的书海中有所取舍,读书很有目的性。或为提高专业技术水平,或为丰富知识,学电脑的看电脑书籍,学文学的看小说,当老师的读教育心理,做生意的看经济,搞行政的读政治、管理为获得某方面的知识而读书,以具备养家糊口的基本技能,凭真才实学立足于社会。 第三种是为

3、兴趣而读书。这是读书的自觉状态,更是一种境界。不为有用,只因喜欢。这些读者把读书当作生存的基本需要,读书已和吃饭睡觉一样必不可少。三日不读书,则自觉面目可憎,心里就空虚、失落、不踏实。 (分数:12.50)_3.看看社会上“有福”的人,有几个人的福是因为老实而得?看看那些发了横财、飞黄腾达的人,考察一下他们的发达过程,你便会得出另一个结论:不老实的人也会有福。这样说来,“吃亏是福”难道真的错了? 其实,并不错的,不吃亏的福,与吃亏的福,虽同是“有福”,含义却大大不同。二者的差别是:不吃亏的福,福气浓烈,但“福兮祸所伏”;吃亏之福,福味清淡,但福祚长久。福,没有固定和统一的标准,是在相互比较中的

4、一种感受,和粗茶淡饭、平民布衣相比,灯红酒绿、宝马香车的人就是福;和坐牢枪毙的人相比,躬耕陇亩、好好活着就是福。从这个角度说,“吃亏是福”永远没有错。 (分数:12.50)_4.人的一生好比马拉松赛跑。人人都有最后一圈,这一圈通常属于人生道路漫长的老人。七老八十的人,穿过艰难的世途,穿过芸芸众生,穿过重重障碍,于是到了人生的最后一圈。 这一圈路程有长有短,跑得有快有慢。有的人稳健有力,从容不迫;有的人歪歪扭扭,步子不正;有的人拖拖沓沓,蹒跚不前。也有跑入歪道的人,或跑不快还要挡道的人,或不按竞赛规则乱跑的人,都是注定要失败的。 谁能跑好这最后一圈,谁就是胜利者。 (分数:12.50)_5.为什

5、么要保护物种和语种?首先在于权利。每一物种都有在地球上生存的权利,每一个小民族都有使用祖先传递给他们的语言的权利,那几乎是他们最重要的特征。其次,这种保护对其他物种,对其他人,对全人类都有好处。文化储藏和积淀在语言中。人类文化的多样性储藏在其多样的语种中。一个强健的生态系必然是多样的,反过来这种多样性又可以帮助它适应和安渡环境的变迁。正如同一个愚钝的村妇宁愿牺牲一点便利,也会拒绝将她的全部鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。 (分数:12.50)_6.克隆人、千年虫、互联网我们触目所见的许多东西都在挑战我们的思维和传统。虽然我们应当有勇气来接受和不断地超越人类的局限,可是并非一切发展都无懈可击。无限制的发展和

6、无限制的挥霍一样的可怕,所以西方科学家生活在隐忧中,对未来的科学又喜又惊奇,反思科学发展成了他们的日常工作之一。我们或许还可以争辩说,中国人还生活在争取富足的道路上,不必杞人忧天。也许对于生活在科学门槛前面的中国人来说,科学仍然神秘而美丽,明艳照人。 (分数:12.50)_7.幸福似乎主要是一种内心快乐的状态。不过,它不是一般的快乐,而是非常强烈和深刻的快乐,以至于我们此时此刻会由衷地觉得活着是多么有意思,人生是多么美好。正是因为这样,幸福最直接的体验包含着我们对生命意义的肯定评价。感到幸福,也就是感到自己生命的意义得到了实现。不管拥有这种体验的时间是多么短暂,这种体验却总是指向人整个一生的,

7、所包含的是对生命意义的总体评价。 (分数:12.50)_8.我已经到了望九之年,可谓长寿矣。因此经常有人向我询问长寿之道,养生之术。我敬谨答曰:“养生无术是有术。”因此,我首创了三“不”主义:不锻炼,不挑食,不嘀咕,名闻全国。 我这个三不主义,容易招误会,我现在利用这个机会解释一下。我并不绝对反对适当的体育锻炼。但不要过头。一个人如果天天望长寿如大旱之望云霓,而又绝对相信体育锻炼,则此人心态恐怕有点失常,反不如顺其自然为佳。 至于不挑食,常见有人年才逾不惑,就开始挑食,每到吃饭,战战兢兢,如履薄冰,窘态可掬,看了令人失笑。以这种心态而欲求长寿,岂非南辕而北辙! 我个人认为,第三点最为重要。对什

8、么事情都不嘀嘀咕咕,心胸开朗,乐观愉快,吃也吃得下,睡也睡得着,有问题则设法解决之,有困难则努力克服之,决不视芝麻绿豆大的窘境如苏迷庐山般大,也决不毫无原则地随遇而安,决不玩世不恭。有这样的心境,焉能不健康长寿? (分数:12.50)_专业八级-316 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)1.开卷有益,是古人奖励读书的一句成语。从前读到一册坏书,读后每觉得为古人所欺;现在多了一点智识,反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。总之,好书读了,原有所得,就是可以知道它的好处在哪里。可是坏书读了,而知道它的坏的原因与地方,岂不也是一得?从前孔子说的“三人行,必有我师”之意,也不一定是从正的一方面

9、着想,反过来在负的一方面,也何尝不可以为鉴戒。因此,从前是非有定评之书不读的,现在却马勃牛溲了,一例的都想看看了,这大约总也是一种进步的现象。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:“Opening a book is always rewarding“ is an ancient encouragement for reading. I used to feel misled by it when I came across a bad book, yet now I“m wiser to do that. In a word, we can benefit from reading a

10、 good book by absorbing its essence, while it is also a good thing to know the whys and wherefores of a book being labeled “bad“. What Confucius means by “If three of us are walking together, at least one of the other two can be my teacher“ is not necessarily a positive example. On the contrary, it

11、also holds water in offering us a negative example to take warning from. Therefore, once an exclusive reader of books widely accepted, I get to take interest in whatever books, trashy or not, as well. It probably is a sign of progress.2.读书的状态大致分为三种:一是为别人而读,二是为有用而读,三是为兴趣而读。 处在第一种状态是最痛苦的,自己本不想读,但迫于外界压

12、力却不得不读。好多中小学生就属于这种情形。在这样的状态下,读书真是苦不堪言。有不少学生曾咬牙切齿地发誓:毕业考试一结束,一定把书烧掉。 一些为了拿文凭、评职称而读书的亦在此列,对于他们而言,读书实在是件苦差事。 第二种是为有用而读书。处在此列的人已知书中自有黄金屋和颜如玉,已经能从烟波浩淼的书海中有所取舍,读书很有目的性。或为提高专业技术水平,或为丰富知识,学电脑的看电脑书籍,学文学的看小说,当老师的读教育心理,做生意的看经济,搞行政的读政治、管理为获得某方面的知识而读书,以具备养家糊口的基本技能,凭真才实学立足于社会。 第三种是为兴趣而读书。这是读书的自觉状态,更是一种境界。不为有用,只因喜

13、欢。这些读者把读书当作生存的基本需要,读书已和吃饭睡觉一样必不可少。三日不读书,则自觉面目可憎,心里就空虚、失落、不踏实。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Those who read to get diplomas or professional titles also belong to the first group. For them, reading is really a hard job. The second group read for use. These people already know that they can benefit a lot from b

14、ooks and they are well aware of what they should read. They have clear purposes of improving their professional ability or enriching their knowledge. For instance, those who major in computer technology read computer books, those who study literature read novels, teachers read about educational psyc

15、hology, businessmen read about economics, and administrators read about politics and management.They read for obtaining knowledge in some fields so that they can support their families and establish themselves in the society with their own skills.3.看看社会上“有福”的人,有几个人的福是因为老实而得?看看那些发了横财、飞黄腾达的人,考察一下他们的发达

16、过程,你便会得出另一个结论:不老实的人也会有福。这样说来,“吃亏是福”难道真的错了? 其实,并不错的,不吃亏的福,与吃亏的福,虽同是“有福”,含义却大大不同。二者的差别是:不吃亏的福,福气浓烈,但“福兮祸所伏”;吃亏之福,福味清淡,但福祚长久。福,没有固定和统一的标准,是在相互比较中的一种感受,和粗茶淡饭、平民布衣相比,灯红酒绿、宝马香车的人就是福;和坐牢枪毙的人相比,躬耕陇亩、好好活着就是福。从这个角度说,“吃亏是福”永远没有错。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:In fact, it is not wrong. Blessing varies greatly in meaning

17、 for two different kinds of people. For those who gain benefits, the blessing is overwhelming but there are dangers hidden behind it; for those who suffer losses, the blessing seems light but it lasts longer. There is no fixed and unified standard to define what blessing is. It is a feeling in compa

18、rison. In contrast with the common people who live on the plain food, those who indulge in extravagant pleasure are blessed; in contrast with the people who are imprisoned or have been sentenced to death, those who are capable of farm work or are still alive are blessed. From this point of view, the

19、 saying that suffering a loss is a blessing is always right.4.人的一生好比马拉松赛跑。人人都有最后一圈,这一圈通常属于人生道路漫长的老人。七老八十的人,穿过艰难的世途,穿过芸芸众生,穿过重重障碍,于是到了人生的最后一圈。 这一圈路程有长有短,跑得有快有慢。有的人稳健有力,从容不迫;有的人歪歪扭扭,步子不正;有的人拖拖沓沓,蹒跚不前。也有跑入歪道的人,或跑不快还要挡道的人,或不按竞赛规则乱跑的人,都是注定要失败的。 谁能跑好这最后一圈,谁就是胜利者。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Human life can be lik

20、ened to a marathon race. All people, especially the aged who have already seen much of life, have to face the last lap. Septuagenarians and octogenarians are on the last lap of their lives after experiencing the twists and turns of their lives, meeting all varieties of mortal beings and going throug

21、h one obstacle after another. People may keep fast or slow steps on their last lap due to the length of such a round. Some may run with steady and easy steps; some may stagger and totter; some may be sluggish with faltering steps. What is worse, some may resort to dishonest practices; some, being sl

22、ow themselves, may intentionally stand in the way of others; some may run in violation of the competition rules. Such people are doomed to fail.5.为什么要保护物种和语种?首先在于权利。每一物种都有在地球上生存的权利,每一个小民族都有使用祖先传递给他们的语言的权利,那几乎是他们最重要的特征。其次,这种保护对其他物种,对其他人,对全人类都有好处。文化储藏和积淀在语言中。人类文化的多样性储藏在其多样的语种中。一个强健的生态系必然是多样的,反过来这种多样性又

23、可以帮助它适应和安渡环境的变迁。正如同一个愚钝的村妇宁愿牺牲一点便利,也会拒绝将她的全部鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Every species is entitled to earthly existence, so is every minority to their own language, an earmark above all passed from their ancestors. Secondly, such protection of species and languages is favorable to all species inc

24、luding human beings. Cultures are embodied and accumulated in languages, while cultural diversities are stored in linguistic diversities. A sound ecosystem is predicated on diversity, which, on the other hand, facilitates its adaption to the changing environment. It is in very much the same way as a

25、 maladroit countrywoman, though a little inconvenient for her, would refuse to put all her eggs in one single basket.6.克隆人、千年虫、互联网我们触目所见的许多东西都在挑战我们的思维和传统。虽然我们应当有勇气来接受和不断地超越人类的局限,可是并非一切发展都无懈可击。无限制的发展和无限制的挥霍一样的可怕,所以西方科学家生活在隐忧中,对未来的科学又喜又惊奇,反思科学发展成了他们的日常工作之一。我们或许还可以争辩说,中国人还生活在争取富足的道路上,不必杞人忧天。也许对于生活在科学门槛

26、前面的中国人来说,科学仍然神秘而美丽,明艳照人。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Many things that we meet are all challenging our long-held thinking and customs. Although we should have the courage to accept and go beyond the limits of human capability, we should recognize that not all achievements are invulnerable. Unlimited develop

27、ment is as horrible as excessive spending, and that is why so many western scientists live in latent anxiety that they feel exulted yet shocked at the future science and keep reflecting on scientific advancement as one of their routine tasks. Some may argue that we Chinese are still on the way of st

28、riving for the abundant life and thus have no need meeting troubles half-way.7.幸福似乎主要是一种内心快乐的状态。不过,它不是一般的快乐,而是非常强烈和深刻的快乐,以至于我们此时此刻会由衷地觉得活着是多么有意思,人生是多么美好。正是因为这样,幸福最直接的体验包含着我们对生命意义的肯定评价。感到幸福,也就是感到自己生命的意义得到了实现。不管拥有这种体验的时间是多么短暂,这种体验却总是指向人整个一生的,所包含的是对生命意义的总体评价。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Happiness seems to be

29、a state of inner contentment, which is more than the joy we regularly obtain. It is such an intense and profound pleasure that anytime we may be occupied by the feeling of leading quite a meaningful and satisfying life. It is owing to no other than this fact that the direct experience of happiness e

30、mbraces our positive evaluation on the meaning of life. In other words, we may have achieved the value of our lives while we feel happy. This experience of happiness, no matter how brief it is, embodies the value of life as a whole, thus denoting a life-long period.8.我已经到了望九之年,可谓长寿矣。因此经常有人向我询问长寿之道,养

31、生之术。我敬谨答曰:“养生无术是有术。”因此,我首创了三“不”主义:不锻炼,不挑食,不嘀咕,名闻全国。 我这个三不主义,容易招误会,我现在利用这个机会解释一下。我并不绝对反对适当的体育锻炼。但不要过头。一个人如果天天望长寿如大旱之望云霓,而又绝对相信体育锻炼,则此人心态恐怕有点失常,反不如顺其自然为佳。 至于不挑食,常见有人年才逾不惑,就开始挑食,每到吃饭,战战兢兢,如履薄冰,窘态可掬,看了令人失笑。以这种心态而欲求长寿,岂非南辕而北辙! 我个人认为,第三点最为重要。对什么事情都不嘀嘀咕咕,心胸开朗,乐观愉快,吃也吃得下,睡也睡得着,有问题则设法解决之,有困难则努力克服之,决不视芝麻绿豆大的窘

32、境如苏迷庐山般大,也决不毫无原则地随遇而安,决不玩世不恭。有这样的心境,焉能不健康长寿? (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:One who overrates physical training while dreaming of living a long life as longing for clouds in a serious drought might be mentally unbalanced. On the contrary, it is better to learn to let things take their own course. As for no pi

33、cky eating, I often find people merely over forty start being extremely choosy about the food. Whenever sitting at table, they behave gingerly as if treading on thin ice. The embarrassment they show cannot but evoke laughter from all. With such a mentality to seek for longevity, they can only end up

34、 in vain! The most important of the “three NOs“, in my view, is the third one of avoiding grumbling under any circumstances. Be broad-minded, optimistic and cheerful, and you will be able to eat with a good appetite and enjoy a sound sleep. When you are faced with problems, try every means to solve them; when there are difficulties, do your best to overcome them. Neither fret over odds and ends, or reconcile yourself to any situation without principle, nor become cynical towards life.

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