专业八级-459及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级-459 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)William Faulkner was born in Oxford, Miss. He had (1) education, then he joined the British Royal Air Force in Canada because he was too short. After the war he stayed at the University of Mississippi a

2、nd began to publish poems or essays. In New Orleans, he met Sherwood Anderson, who helped him a lot.With the publication of Sartor is (1929), he found Yoknapatawpha (2) , a regional myth of 200 - year - long history, which was written in a (3) but often baroque style and considered as a (4) Among al

3、l novels, The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I lay Dyig (1930), Sanctuary (1931), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom (1936), received much critical (5) .Apart from the creation of long novels, Faulkner often used short stories to fill (6) in the historical development of Yoknapatawpha County. D

4、uring the 1930s he was off and on in Hollywood as a script writer, but his works for film are not accounted as being of much (7) .For his literary accomplishments he was (8) a Nobel Prize in 1950 and he made a brief but important statement about his belief in the Nobel (9) Speech:“I believe that man

5、 will not merely endure: he will (10) . /（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What materials were not used for road surfaces during the last century?（分数：1.00）A.Gravel.B.Asphalt.C.Macadam.D.Concret(2).Concrete is used in extensi

6、ve projects because of _.（分数：1.00）A.the increase in trafficB.the cost of other materialsC.the change of the climateD.the construction of the roads(3).For light traffic, which of the following is not used?（分数：1.00）A.Sand clay.B.Macadam.C.Brick.D.Bituminous mixtur(4).What do“ turnpikes“ mean?（分数：1.00）

7、A.Roads.B.Streets.C.Lanes.D.Highways.(5).The total width of the Pennsylvania Turnpike is _.（分数：1.00）A.100 feetB.78 feetC.68 feetD.88 feet四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news from the BBC. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each

8、question. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).South Korean Law -makers planned for an Asiawide coalition against _.（分数：1.00）A.Japans invasionB.Japans violation of human rightsC.Japans distortion of historyD.Japans cruelty(2).Protests in South Korea have not _.（分数：1.00）A.escalated into civic campaign

9、s nationwideB.called for a boycott of Japanese goodsC.postponed joint military exercises with TokyoD.established a neutral just body to settle such a disputeQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news from the VOA. At the end of the news item ,you will be given 10 seconds to answer each questi

10、on. Now listen to the news.（分数：3.00）(1).When did George W. Bush present a letter to Congress?（分数：1.00）A.Friday.B.Thursday.C.Tuesday.D.Monday.(2).Last year exports to China was boosted by _.（分数：1.00）A.25 percentB.24 percentC.23 percentD.22 percent(3).The annual review will continue _.（分数：1.00）A.in Wh

11、ite HouseB.in the Pentagon BuildingC.in the United NationsD.on the Capitol Hill五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)After so many years of studying English, you may still get confused like you first come here just because of the slang the students use! Now let us see how “street

12、 talk“ and “regional talk“ are.Street talk is a way to categorize many “hip“ words used on the street. There is a playfulness about street talk.What about the word “hip?“ You might have thought that this was derived from “hippie“ -a follower of social fashion in the 1960s and 70s. But no, it comes f

13、rom a much older usage, the word “hep“. The word “hip“ is marked as “out-of-date slang“. But it seems to have come back into fashion.Other bits of old-fashioned slang are also popular here, such as “cool“. The expression “thats cool“ is often used to agree to a suggestion.The problem with slang and

14、trendy expressions in general is that they change fast, so that only those who are using them all the time can keep up.A great deal of slang used by students comes from television and films, especially from “catch phrases“ that are used by characters in TV programmes or films.A “catchphrase“ is a ph

15、rase that a particular character repeats. If you live here among students, go out to the cinema, watch similar programes and listen to popular music, you might find yourself using slang without even thinking.If you meet students from outside London and the south-east, you may notice that local peopl

16、e sometimes dont use textbook English.Traditional dialects are dying out here. But there are still many regional variations in the way English is used.One example is the way people address each other. If you are in Newcastle, you might hear people ( particularly women) refer to each other as “hinny“

17、a common term of endearment. “Hinny“ refers to the “sterile hybrid offspring of a male horse and female donkey,“ but that is not what they mean when they call you “hinny“ in Newcastle! Probably, the word theyre using is the local form of “honey“.Other parts have their own endearments. If someone in

18、 Glasgow calls you“ hen“ or someone in Nottingham adds “duck“ to the end of what they say, they re being friendly, not rude.Younger people tend to use these terms less. And these phrases are only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the rich regional variations found in informal speech here today

19、So after you think you ve got the hang of slang, do you dare use it yourself? Take care ! Most informal and colloquial usage marks you as coming from a particular social background-to a native speaking thing.Since English is not your first language, people may find it odd if you use slang. But you

20、should spare time for chatting with, and learning from native - speakers and try to understand different usages. As you gain experience, you 11 learn which phrases are safe to use. But make sure you don t use them in the wrong place. Stick with official English whenever in doubt!（分数：5.00）(1).The aut

21、hor is a _.（分数：1.00）A.travel guideB.language professorC.school supervisorD.talkshow host(2).What does the word “hip“ mean in this passage?（分数：1.00）A.It is derived from “hippie“.B.It means following the social fashion in the 1960s and 1970s.C.It comes from a more recent useage.D.It means“ out - of -

22、date slang“.(3).The problem with slang and trendy expressions is _.（分数：1.00）A.that they are out - of - dateB.that they are difficultC.that they change fastD.that they mean nonsense(4).What does“ hinny“ mean in Newcastle?（分数：1.00）A.The sterile hybrid of a horse and a donkey.B.A common term of cursing

23、C.The local form of “hello“.D.A usual way of affection.(5).The author asks learners _.（分数：1.00）A.to never use slangB.to understand what these slang words meanC.to take time to use slang oftenD.to stick with official English七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A team of international researchers has found new evi

24、dence that an endangered subspecies of chimpanzee is the source of the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. Experts said the finding could lead to new treatments for AIDS and contribute to the development of a vaccine against the disease.The research team said the

25、chimp - a subspecies known as Pan troglodytes troglodytes native to west central Africa - carries a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that is closely related to three strains of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. One of these strains, HIV - 1, has caused the vast majo

26、rity of the estimated 30 million HIV infections around the world.The researchers are uncertain when the chimp virus, called SIVcpz (for simian immunodeficiency virus chimpanzee), first infected humans, although the oldest documented case of HIV has been linked to a Bantu man who died in Central Afri

27、ca in 1959. But they said the virus, which does not appear to harm the chimps, was most likely transmitted to humans when hunters were exposed to chimp blood while killing and butchering the animals for food. Once transmitted to humans, the researchers believe the virus mutated into HIV -1.Team lead

28、er Beatrice Hahn, an AIDS researcher at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, said the chimps have probably carried the virus for hundreds of thousands of years. Since humans have likely hunted the animals since prehistoric times, Hahn said the virus may have jumped to humans on many occasions, b

29、ut was not trans, nined widely among humans until the 20th century Increased hunting of the chimpanzees, along with human migration to African cities and changing sexual mores, could help explain the recent epidemixc, Hahn said.Scientists had long suspected that a nonhuman primate was the source of

30、HIV - 1. Earlier studies suggested that the sooty mangabey monkey, a native of West Africa, was the likely source of HIV - 2 - a rarer torm of the AIDS virus that is transmitted less easily than HIV - 1. However, only a few samples of SIV strains exist, making it difficult for researehers to confide

31、ntly connect the strains to HIV - 1.As part of their effort to discover the source of HIV - 1, the research team studied the four known samples of SIVcpz. They learned that three of the four samples came from chimps belonging to the subspecies P.t. troglodytes. The remaining sample came from another

32、 subspecies, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, which inhabits East Africa.The team then compared the SIVcpz strains to each other and found that all three of the viruses from P. t. troglodytes were closely related, while the virus from P.t. schweinfurthii was genetically different. Next they compared

33、the SIVepz strains to the main subgroups of HIV - 1, known as M, N, and O. Their comparisons showed that the P.t. troglodytes viruses strongly resembled “all three HIV -1 subgroups.Additional evidence that HIV - 1 could be linked to P. t. troglodytes came when the researchers examined the chimps nat

34、ural habitat. The researchers quickly discovered that the chimps live primarily in the West African nations of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Republic of the Congo the geographic region where HIV - 1 was first identified.Upon closer study, the researchers learned t

35、hat the chimps were being killed in growing numbers for the so - called bush meat trade, a trend assisted by the construction of new logging roads in once remote forests. The researchers said that continued hunting of the animals meant that many people are still likely to be exposed to SIVepz, incre

36、asing the risk of additional cross - species transmissions.Many AIDS researchers welcomed the teams finding, but said the new work had not proved the connection definitively. Most of the doubts centered on the difficulty of drawing conclusions from such a small number of SIVepz samples. Because so f

37、ew samples exist - all drawn from chimps in captivity - researchers do not know how prevalent the virus is among wild chimps, or how the virus is transmitted. Doubts are likely to persist until the course of the virus is studied in chimps in the wild.Some health experts said the finding could have f

38、ar- reaching implications for combating AIDS. Because SIVepz does not cause the chimps to become ill, researchers believe that the animals disease - fighting immune systems may have developed a defense against the virus. Since chimps are 98 percent genetically similar to humans, learning more about

39、the chimps immune systems could shed light on new ways to prevent and treat AIDS in humans. Discovering how the chimps immune system controls the virus, for example, could help researchers develop a vaccine that generates a similar immune -system response in humans.Other experts noted that even if t

40、he finding does not help in the fight against AIDS, it provides strong evidence that dangerous viruses can be transmitted to humans from wild animals, in some cases, the viruses may be harmless to the host animals, but cause sickness and death when transmitted to humans. As people increasingly ventu

41、re into remote animal habitats, some scientists believe there is a growing risk of new human exposures to previously unknown disease- causing microbes.In the meantime, widespread slaughter of the chimps could make further study of P. t. troglodytes difficult. The wild chimp population, which exceede

42、d 1 million animals in the early 20th century, is now believed to number fewer than 100,000. “We cannot afford to lose these animals, either from the animals conservation point of view or a medical investigation standpoint,“ said Hahn. “It is quite possible that the chimpanzee, which has served as t

43、he source of HIV - 1, also holds the clues to its successful control. /（分数：5.00）(1).The significance of the finding is that _.（分数：1.00）A.people now know the number of chimpanzees is much smaller than expectedB.it may make it possible for scientists to discover new ways of treating AIDSC.it proves so

44、me deadly human diseases can also be transmitted to wild animalsD.it Will soon help the scientists develop a vaccine that prevents the AIDS virus(2).According to Hahn, all the following increase the transmission of AIDS virus EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.hunting and killing more chimpanzeesB.more champ hunte

45、rs moving to citiesC.peoples changed sexual behaviorsD.travelling to more African countries(3).Many AIDS experts are not completely satisfied with results of the study because _.（分数：1.00）A.only a limited number of chimpanzees are used for sampling the virusB.it is now extremely difficult to find chi

46、mpanzees that carry the virusC.the samples collected are from two different subspecies of chimpanzeesD.it does not provide reliable evidence of the link between SIV and HIV - 1(4).Since chimpanzees are genetically very. similar to humans, _.（分数：1.00）A.chimpanzees are likely to suffer AIDS just like

47、humans if they are infectedB.it does not matter if human beings are infected with SIV rather than HIV - 1C.we can use human vaccines to prevent chimpanzees from getting AIDS virusD.AIDS vaccines based on chimps immune mechanism are possible to be made(5).The biggest worry that the researchers now ha

48、ve is _.（分数：1.00）A.more and more wild chimpanzees are being slaughteredB.AIDS virus is difficult to be killed and controlledC.it is not easy to repair peoples deficient immune systemsD.many dangerous viruses are being transmitted to humans八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：2.00)Feels like SpringI stop at the comer d

49、rugstore for a breakfast of doughnuts and coffee, and then I race to the subway station and gallop down the steps to catch my usual train. I hold on to the strap and make believe I m reading my newspaper, but I keep glancing at the people crowded in around me. I listen to them talk about their troubles and their friends, and