专业八级-493及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级-493 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Cryptic Coloring(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.She had a blimp ride.B.She had a h

2、orse ride.C.She touched the Hollywood sign.D.She stayed at homA.In a small village.B.North of Chicago.C.In Washington.D.In HawaiA.She wants to meet pop singer.B.She wants to meet a superstar.C.She wants to see a movie star.D.She wants to see a moviA.The older she got the more comfortable she was wit

3、h herself.B.As she got older she no longer ran sacred anymore.C.Now, a lot of people think that part of aging is that they don t get to do the things that they could do, they become inactive, they sit around and watch television.D.When they are getting older they can go out and have fun.A.Health.B.P

4、ossessions.C.Attitude towards aging.D.Daily lif六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions 6 but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected. In special resemblance the combination

5、 of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patch of lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively

6、. The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object.In seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. The f

7、irst seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual (G.L.L.Buffon), or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts (J.B.P. Lamarck). The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintaine

8、d it by the survival of the best concealed in each generation. The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigi

9、dly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory o

10、f natural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival. A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the

11、sides, passing into white on the belly. Abbot H. Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow. The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environment (e. g. earth), bath

12、ed in the cold blue-white of the sky, while the belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of

13、 a larva and a pupa, but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e.g., a part of a leaf. This method of rende

14、ring invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry.填空项 1:_ （正确答案：protected）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：shallow）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：combination）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：the objects）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：interpretations）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：the individual）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：use and disuse）解析：填空

15、项 1:_ （正确答案：Natural selection）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：lies in）解析：四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.She had a blimp ride. B.She had a horse ride.C.She touched the Hollywood sign.D.She stayed at hom解析：听力原文1-5Its a Matter of AttitudeA: Until I was 100 years old, I hadnt really l

16、ived. All these interesting things have happened to me since I was 100 years old.B: Tell me whats happened since you were 100.A: Well, for one thing, I rode on the - I had a blimp ride.B: The Goodyear blimp.A: The Goodyear blimp. Oh, he took me out so I could see Catalina. A very, very beautiful tri

17、p. Oh, and I re had helicopter trips, a lot of them, over Burbank, and once he took me so close to the Hollywood sign that I could almost touch it.B: Now, youre been alive over a century. You have seen a lot of changes.A: Everything.B: You were born what year?A: I was born January 30, 1885, in a sma

18、ll village about 70 miles south of Chicago.B: All right. Now, you for your 100th birthday and your 102nd and your 104th went in a helicopter and a blimp. Your 106th birthday, what do you want to do for your 106th?A: Oh, I want to meet a superstar.B: I hope you do. All right. As I said, we have peopl

19、e here who are breaking the stereotypes that getting old means sitting around doing nothing and waiting to die. Mary Ann, you are over 100 and you have gone through quite a change in the last several years, in terms of how you looked at aging and how you look at it now.A: Well, I think my whole atti

20、tude about aging has changed. I think the older I got the more comfortable I was with myself and the happier I was. I found that as I got older I no longer ran scared anymore. Its sort of kind of go your best shot, you know, what can you do to me now? Its ail been done to me. All that can happen now

21、 is really more of the same. So I just dont have that fear anymore.B: Now, a lot of people think that part of aging is that we don t get to do the things that we could do, we become inactive, we sit around, we watch television, we crochet, but we can t go out and have fun anymore. You disprove that

22、all the time.A: Oh, I think people are very foolish to have that kind of attitude. We all can make choices, and its up to us when we get older to decide what choice were going to make. And its a matter of attitude. If you at my age I say that any morning that I wake up and I m still alive, its a won

23、derful morning.B: All right. Now, you do not look your age at all. Not only that, here a lot of other men might be sitting around and watching TV or playing cards all day long, You re pressing your weight, your own weight? And incredibly active. Did you age gracefully? Did you think that when you go

24、t older you d be active? Or did you have to psych yourself up and say, “Wait a minute, I dont want to get old?“A: I think I had to psych myself up. And I agree with them in all their remarks, too. You know, young people are afraid to even say the word old. Well, they should read Browning, you know.

25、The best is yet to come.B: Tell me whats great about it.A: Well, I have a chance to do the things that I didnt do when I was working and supporting my family. And a lot of people say, well, you cant do them. Well, I can. I m going to school. I m very active in my community. We go on vacation to Wash

26、ington, Hawaii and all that. I mean, I m enjoying life and I m very active.A.In a small village. B.North of Chicago.C.In Washington.D.In Hawai解析：A.She wants to meet pop singer.B.She wants to meet a superstar. C.She wants to see a movie star.D.She wants to see a movi解析：A.The older she got the more co

27、mfortable she was with herself.B.As she got older she no longer ran sacred anymore. C.Now, a lot of people think that part of aging is that they don t get to do the things that they could do, they become inactive, they sit around and watch television.D.When they are getting older they can go out and

28、 have fun.解析：A.Health.B.Possessions.C.Attitude towards aging. D.Daily lif解析：六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions 6 & 7 are (总题数：1，分数：2.00)A.It is not sure whether the Doha round can be finalized in several months.B.148 nations are involved in this round.C.These nations have to achieve a deal before

29、 they reach an agreement on the negotiating package. D.WTO chief is not pessimistic about the futur解析：听力原文6-7World Trade Organization chief Supachai Panitchpakdi says all WTO nations need to pull together in the coming months, if the ambitious economic blueprint known as the Doha Development Agenda

30、is to succeed. Supachai Panitchpakdi says most WTO nations have indicated that they want to complete the so-called Doha round of trade talks by 2006. But the director general of the World Trade Organization says finalizing the negotiations requires a consensus of the 148 member nations. And that, he

31、 says, means they must work hard over the next several months to finalize details of the wide-ranging agreement. “This means there will be no deal until there is agreement on the whole negotiating package, because there are linkages between different subject areas,“ he said. “The 2006 deadline is fe

32、asible, I am confident, is still feasible. But it will require major advances in technical discussions and strong political determination.“ Mr. Supachai spoke at the Pacific Basin Economic Council in Hong Kong on Monday. He stressed the need to strengthen trade negotiations at next Decembers WTO min

33、isterial conference, which will be held in Hong Kong.A.the Doha round cant be finished by 2006B.strong political will is necessary C.nations can continue the negotiation even if there were no consensus among themD.Decembers conference to be held in Doha next year is important解析：八、Question 8 to 10 ar

34、e(总题数：1，分数：3.00)A.650 millionB.750 million C.a billionD.10 billion解析：听力原文8-10Native English speakers outnumberedLONDON - The accented English of fluent foreigners such as Latino singer Ricky Martin or actress Juliette Binoche is usurping British and American English as the dominant form of the langu

35、age.This week the British Government will announce that the number of people with English as a second language has overtaken the number who speak it as their native tongue.According to the figures, by the end of the year as many as 750 million people will speak English well enough to use it for busi

36、ness, and as many as a billion people are thought to be learning English at any given time.The British Council statistics have been seized on by Education and Employment Secretary David Blunkett, who will tell a meeting of business leaders on Tuesday to capitalise on their advantage as native speake

37、rs.English-language books, films and TV shows are worth nearly pounds sterling 5 billion (dollars 7.2bn) to the British economy, with education materials alone worth pounds sterling 1.2bn (dollars 1.7bn). But the rush to share Shakespeares tongue may see British schoolchildren lose the motivation to

38、 learn foreign languages.Insiders say the drive to make English the global lingua franca comes directly from Tony Blair. The so-called “blair Initiative“ was launched in 1998 after the Prime Minister was told off by the Mayor of Shanghai, Xu Kuangdi, for failing to promote English abroad. On his ret

39、urn, Blair ordered the British Council to remedy the situation and allocated pounds sterling 5 million (dollars 7.2m) for English- language initiatives. The anglophile Xu, who lived as a student in London in the Eighties, said the French, Germans and Americans were far better at promoting their cult

40、ure. They may also soon be far better at speaking English.A.in 1996B.in 1997C.in 1998 D.in 1999解析：A.native English speakers numberedB.the number of people with English as a second language has overtaken the number who speak it as their native tongue C.non-native speakers difficulties in learning Eng

41、lishD.the so-called “Blair Initiative“解析：九、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、TEXT A(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.United Jewish Communities is sponsored by a single companyB.population surveys by United Jewish Communities are important in shaping community pol

42、icy of the Jewish in America C.the researchers did their job with high responsibilityD.American Jewish reject full integration into society解析：点拨 第四段：Its population surveys carry huge weight in shaping community policy本题亦可用排除法排除三个错误选项。2.How does the population survey get it wrong in 2000?（分数：1.00）A.T

43、he population total in 2000 was reached by different method from that in 1990.B.There might be some problems with the judgment calls by the researchers. C.United Jewish Communities offered not enough financial support to the survey.D.It is the result of the rash of headlines leaving the impression t

44、hat the population has decline解析：点拨 答案在第二段：judgment calls by the researchers may have led to an undercount3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about the National Jewish Population Survey?（分数：1.00）A.It found a decline of 300,000 Jews in ten years.B.It was carded o

45、ut by United Jewish Communities.C.This is the first time United Jewish Communities has made mistakes in the population survey. D.The reported decline is not reliabl解析：点拨 作者在第四段介绍了 United Jewish Communities这一组织，并说到 This is not the first time the survey has set off a false alarm4.Rabbis and moralists

46、consider the Jewish population decline as the result of_.（分数：1.00）A.Jewish negligence of their religious belief B.Jewish incompetence in AmericaC.Jewish self-esteemD.the combination of all the three above解析：点拨 答案在第三段：rabbis and moralists condemning the religious laxity behind it.5.When the author is

47、 talking about the Jewish Population Survey, he seems _.（分数：1.00）A.to believe the shrinking of the Jews in AmericaB.to support the rejection of full integration into societyC.to blame United Jewish Communities D.to be willing to tolerate the fault of United Jewish Communities解析：点拨 文章的主要内容是揭示调查所得出的犹太

48、人口下降谬论并指出其负面影响。十一、TEXT B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)6.It can be inferred from the passage that Bob Jeffrey_.（分数：1.00）A.has spent most of his advertising career inJ. Walter ThompsonB.became president for North American operations of Thompson five years agoC.is facing serious challenges to promote Thompson s business to a higher level D.will be conservative in his future measures to satisfy such youngsters as Generation Y解析：点拨 文章倒数第二段讲到即将上任的 Bob Jeffrey将要面临的挑战。7.According to the passage, the