专业八级-541及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级-541 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Statistic. The defendant is guilty or not?1) Expert:A. A DNA sample (1) defendants. (1) _B. The possibility of odds is one in million.2) Defense lawyer:Counter the fact that if in a city of three millio

2、n people, there are (2) (2) _matching each others DNA. Unjust discrimination?1) Universities add additional points to minority group students.They unlawfully make an easier (3) for those students. (3) _2) Annie was kept from (4) . Her lawyer used statistics to show (4) _that workers, who were not in

3、 (5) group, with the same (5) _qualifications were promoted.3) Tobacco companies won the cases because of the (6) . (6) _Warning: statistics should be (7) along with other evidence. (7) _. Statistics in calculation:1) (8) analysis: e.g. Bert could no longer work. Statisticians (8) _predict how long

4、he could work and how long he could have made.2) Multiple regression analysis: Statistician finds the “best fit“for all the sample data when multiple independent (9) are at work. (9) _. Statistics on the witness stand:-experts know how to make statistics (10) (10) _-cross examine and challenge the v

5、alidity of statistics（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview.（分数：5.00）(1).From which place did they start their sightseeing?（分数：1.00）A.Houses of Parliament and Big Ben.B.The south bank of the

6、 Thames.C.Lambeth Bridge.D.Westminster Abbey.(2).Where does the Horatio Nelson the naval captain who defeated Napoleon at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and so stopped him from invading England stand?（分数：1.00）A.St. Jamess Park.B.Whitehall.C.Downing Street.D.Trafalgar Squar(3).According to the conv

7、ersation when are all the big shops closed?（分数：1.00）A.On weekend.B.On Sunday.C.On workday.D.On Saturday.(4).From the conversation we can know where is the Chinese Embassy?（分数：1.00）A.At Marble Arch.B.Near Hyde Park.C.In Portland place.D.At Mayfair.(5).From the conversation what can we deduce?（分数：1.00

8、A.Robinson is an English.B.Li is very familiar with London.C.It is the Lis first look at London.D.It is the Robinsons first look at London.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news.（分数：2.00）(1).What do you know about the attack?（分数：1.00）A.It killed 60 Iraqi Shias.B

9、It happened 14 miles from the capital.C.No one claimed the responsibility.D.Even Iraqis felt terribl(2).Three British soldiers were killed in _.（分数：1.00）A.the tanker attackB.a fighting happened in a Shia cityC.a blast happened in al-AmarahD.the battle with Shia gunmernQuestions 8 and 9 are based on

10、 the following news.（分数：2.00）(1).Charles Simonyi made his fortune working as a _ at software giant Microsoft.（分数：1.00）A.workerB.designerC.engineer,D.manager(2).Simonyi helped design both Microsoft Word and Excel programs before leaving to form his own company in _.（分数：1.00）A.1960B.1981C.1993D.20021.

11、Question 10 is based on the following news. According to United Nations records, people all over the world are getting older because of _.（分数：1.00）A.good health care and other servicesB.fewer and fewer challenges and pressuresC.more international discussions between countriesD.better medicine and mo

12、re food五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Almost a century after his death, the well-known French author Jules Verne has once again managed to fire the imagination of people around the world, this time with an unpublished novel, Paris in the 20th Century. The manuscript, compl

13、eted in 1863 but long locked away in a safe, was uncovered only in 1989 by Vernes great- grandson, and it appeared in English translation just a few months ago. This 19th-century vision of the future describes life among skyscrapers of glass and steel, high-speed trains, gas-powered automobiles, cal

14、culators, fax machines and a global communications network. The prescience of these forecasts matches what one would have expected from the author who introduced countless readers of his age to a host of technological marvels, from submarines to helicopters and spacecraft.But in fact, Paris in the 2

15、0th Century is a tragedy. It describes the life of an idealistic young man who struggles to find happiness in the fiercely materialistic dystopia that Paris has become by 1920. Like George Orwells 1984, Vernes novel is a grim and troubling comment on the human costs of technological progress.That su

16、ch a message should come from Jules Verne proves surprising to many. Most people-particularly in America-assume that Verne wrote about the wonders of technology because he was himself an optimistic scientist. Many also believe Verne wrote primarily for children, crafting novels that were invariably

17、exciting but intellectually shallow. These misconceptions show how Vernes current status has completely shadowed the reality of his life and writings. They are part of the continuing misunderstanding of this author, a result of some severely abridged translations and simplified adaptations for Holly

18、wood cinema.In truth, Verne was neither a scientist nor an engineer: he was simply a writer-and a very prolific one. Over his lifetime, Verne produced more than 2 novels. Yet his works were carefully grounded in fact, and his books inspired many leading scientists, engineers, inventors and explorers

19、 including William Beebe (the creator and pilot of the first bathysphere), Admiral Richard Byrd (a pioneer explorer of Antarctica), Yuri Gagarin (the first human to fly in space) and Nell Armstrong (the first astronaut to walk on the moon). Vernes novels were thus profoundly influential, and perhap

20、s uniquely so.Although novels with scientific foundation had been written before, Verne raised the technique of scientific description to a fine art. And this type of science fiction, based on accurate descriptions of science and technology, has tended to dominate the trend ever since. But Vernes de

21、votion to technical detail does not reflect an confidence in the virtues of science. Indeed, his earliest writings-a mixture of plays, essays and short stories-were distinctly critical of science and technology.It was only the strict monitor of his publisher, Pierre-Jules Hetzel, that steered Verne

22、toward what eventually made him famous: fast-paced adventure tales heavily flavored with scientific lessons and an optimistic ideology. And although his own attitude was quite different, Verne offered little resistance to Hetzel. After the release of his initial book in 1863, the first in a series o

23、f novels published under the banner “Extraordinary Voyages: Voyages in Known and Unknown Worlds“, Verne explained to his friends at the Paris stock market (where he had been working part-time to make ends meet) about his accomplishment. “My friends Ive just written a novel in a new style . If it suc

24、ceeds, it will be a gold mine.“ He was right.Under Hetzels continual guidance, Verne created one novel after another, each fundamentally of this same type. But most of the works published after Hetzels death in 1886 show Verne returning to his original themes championing environmentalism, anticapita

25、lism and social responsibility while questioning the benefits that science and technology could bring to an imperfect world. To understand how Vernes later writings could differ so completely from popular image of him requires a closer understanding of the man and his times.（分数：5.00）(1).How does the

26、 author think about “Paris in the 20th Century“?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks it is a comedy.B.This 19th-century vision of the future describes life among skyscrapers of glass and steel, high-speed trains, gas-powered automobiles, calculators, fax machines and a global communications network.C.It describes t

27、he life of an unidealistic young man who struggles to find happiness in the fiercely materialistic dystopia that Paris has become by 1920.D.He thinks the Jules Verne has once again managed to fire the imagination of people around the world and it is a grim and troubling comment on the human costs of

28、 technological progress.(2).in the sentence “In truth, Verne was neither a scientist nor an engineer: he was simply a writer and a very prolific one.“, the word “prolific“ probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.primitiveB.diligentC.richD.fruitful(3).Through what kind of novels did Verne make himself success?（分

29、数：1.00）A.Fast-paced adventure tales heavily flavored with scientific lessons and an optimistic ideology.B.To mix futuristic narratives with detailed, plausible descriptions of new technology.C.Through novels such as Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864; translated 1874) and Around the World in 8

30、0 Days (1873; translated 1874).D.Bright, entertaining adventure stories that celebrated the possibilities of technology.(4).According to the passage, how does the author think about Jules Verne?（分数：1.00）A.A stranger.B.A scientist whose job was to discover the future and cast new technology in a dark

31、er light.C.From the start, the father of science fiction was gravely concerned with the dangers of technology.D.He was either a scientist or an engineer.(5).Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of Vernes novels?（分数：1.00）A.Singing high praise of science.B.A fine art in description

32、 of science.C.Having an optimistic tone.D.Well grounded in facts.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Kidnappings around the world have typically had one of two major goals: publicity for a local political cause or as a form of “fund-raising“ for the kidnappers. Recently, kidnappings for political reasons have be

33、en on the decrease, whereas kidnapping for profit has seen a dramatic increase.A prime example of this trend is in Colombia. Colombia is considered to be the kidnapping capital of the world, with rival guerrilla and paramilitary groups consistently abducting civilians including businessmen, tourists

34、 and aid workers. The ransom money obtained from these activities is used primarily to finance a 37-year civil war in Colombia. The U.S. State Department estimates that more than 3,000 people are kidnapped in Colombia each year. Most kidnap victims are Colombians who are either wealthy or who can at

35、 least come up with a few thousand dollars. Although the kidnappings are most often performed by political dissidents, the motivation for the kidnappings is usually money, not politics.Colombia is not the only country to be plagued with this increase in kidnappings for profit. Ransom kidnappings are

36、 becoming more common in Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Chechnya, the Philippines, Haiti, and many other developing countries throughout the world. Although many kidnappings are politically motivated, a growing number are simply fund-raising exercises by guerrillas or common criminals. For example

37、 when a new rebel group, the Popular Revolutionary Army, surfaced in Mexico in 1996, experts concluded that the group financed itself through kidnappings carried out over the previous two years.One of the causes of the worldwide increase in kidnappings for profit is that billions of dollars in fore

38、ign investment has only marginally assisted the poor throughout the Third World. This has created a growing resentment of the elites who have hoarded much of the wealth. Therefore, often kidnappings for profit throughout the Third World are a backlash by the poor against the elites, in an attempt to

39、 even the score by obtaining some of their money.Moreover, there is an increasing risk of kidnapping for tourists and expatriate executives throughout the world. This is particularly so for Americans, who are perceived as rich even when they are not. Their substantial numbers-3.2 million living over

40、seas and 50 million traveling internationally each year-have left Americans more at risk than citizens of other countries. In many countries, the kidnapping of business people, especially American executives and mid-level managers, as well as tourists has become a thriving business. For example, dur

41、ing the last several years, the FARC and ELN, two Colombian terrorist groups, have extorted more than $632 million from foreign companies and individuals.In fact, the problem of kidnapping has become so bad internationally that several insurance and security companies are offering either internation

42、al kidnapping insurance or, at least, detailed instructions on how to avoid a kidnapping. This too has become a thriving business. According .to Fielding Worldwide, Inc., a typical KRE (Kidnap, Ransom and Extortion) insurance policy has a $1 million limit. An annual policy would cost between US$7,00

43、0 in Brazil or up to a maximum of US$26,000 in Colombia-this is an incredible cost. Corporations usually buy blanket policies that cover all employees, but often business is intertwined with extended family from grandparents down to grandchildren. Therefore, often the entire family must be included

44、in the policy to ensure maximum coverage.Since kidnappers are aware of these KRE policies, the insurance policies have inadvertently created a way for them to make even more money than if they were to kidnap a typical man off the street. So, is it necessary to obtain one of these policies? Seitlin a

45、nd newer technologies, such as “gene chips“, should produce even more data to be stored and annotated for subsequent study.The result is a mind-boggling amount of information. A genetics laboratory can easily produce 100 gigabytes of data a day-that is about 20,000 times the volume of data in the co

46、mplete works of Shakespeare or J. S. Bach. The analysis of such data poses problems beyond mere volume control. Computer programs must analyze what constitutes a biologically meaningful relationship between a newly discovered sequence of DNA and existing sequences stored in a central database. Progr

47、amming a computer for such tasks requires both extensive knowledge of computing theory and a keen biological intuition.And theres the rub. The real problem about the growing quantification of biology is not the change in the subject but the lack of change in its practitioners. For a sudden in pourin

48、g of data is not unique to biology .Astronomers must now deal with squillions of bits of data from automatic sky surveys; particle physicists would not have the first idea of what was going on in their machines if the results of their experiments were not processed automatically. Yet neither of thes

49、e fields seems to be suffering unduly from information overload because the physical sciences are founded on number crunching. Many biologists, however, avoided the fields of astronomy or particle physics because they have, in the delicately chosen words of Sylvia Spengler of the Center for Bioinformatics and Compu