专业八级-716及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级-716 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Chinese AmericansChinese Americans are an ethnic minority in theUS. They used to be discriminated.1. The history of Chinese immigrants1) The first group of Chinese arrived during theCalifornia (1) _ in

2、1849. Their success invited (1)_envy. They had to earn a living by doing the (2)_ (2)_for the white miners, setting up restaurants, working asfarmhands or as (3) (3)_2) The second group of Chinese arrived in theearly (4)_as laborers to construct the (4)_(5)_ (5)_3) After World War Two, more Chinesew

3、ere permitted to settle in America.4) Todays Chinese Americans are mostly the (6) (6) _ of the first two groups of immigrants.2. Some of their noteworthy characteristics as partof their traditional culture1) (7)_family ties (7) _2) respect for the elders3) a feeling of (8)_to the family (8) _4) high

4、 regard for (9) _ (9) _5) willingness to work hardThese characteristics contribute to their success invarious professions. As Americans attitudes towardminorities and ethnic differences have changed inrecent years, Chinese Americans have gained (10) (10) _ in the American society.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空

5、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Why does Old Fred do somet

6、hing stupid?（分数：1.00）A.He has some mental problems.B.He is too old to know what he is doing.C.He wants to have a good Christmas.D.He has got into the habit of stealing.(2).How do the average British policemen think about not being armed?（分数：1.00）A.They dont really think about it.B.They dislike it ve

7、ry much.C.They worry about it greatly.D.They want a reform.(3).In the opinion of the interviewee, what do the English people love?（分数：1.00）A.Violence.B.Compromise.C.Firearms.D.Police.(4).What did the man mentioned in the interview once do?（分数：1.00）A.He threatened the police.B.He took some hostages.C

8、.He robbed a bank.D.He locked himself in a house.(5).What was the most important factor in solving the problem of the man who threated people?（分数：1.00）A.PowerB.Skills.C.Patience.D.Weapons.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil

9、l be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What is the speakers attitude towards the celebrating party?（分数：1.00）A.Discriminative.B.Condemnatory.C.Unappreciative.D.Appreciative.(2).What is the stylistic feature of the articles in Readers Digest?（分数：1

10、.00）A.Brevity.B.Originality.C.Seriousness.D.Simplicity.1. Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.At a recent summit in Washington, Mr. Juncker points out that（分数：1.00）A.the EU is in a state of

11、 deep crisis.B.the EU crisis may lead to EUs collapse.C.the crisis is not serious enough to make EU collapse.D.the first casualty of Europes latest crisis is EUs further expansion.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer

12、each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Indias textile and garment exports to the US between January and May rose by（分数：1.00）A.4%.B.11%.C.20 %.D.four times.(2).According to Mr. Hinduja has to _ to remain competitive.（分数：1.00）A.invest more money in the industryB.develop better t

13、echnologyC.offset ChinaD.build more factories五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When I decided to quit my full. time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progre

14、ss prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family“.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment ill what the Americans term “dow

15、nshifting“ has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all“, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have d

16、iscovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life“, and making the alternative move into “downshifting“ brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and socia

17、l status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time“.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler,

18、 less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting also known in America as “voluntary simplicity“has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism, There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their

19、lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-90 s equivalent of dropping out.While in Amer

20、ica the trend started us a reaction to the economic decline after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify o

21、ur lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is ant so much a search for the mythical good life growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one as personal recognition of your limitations.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of

22、the following is true according to paragraph one?（分数：1.00）A.Full-time employment is a new international trend.B.The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.C.“A lateral move“ means stepping out of full-time employment.D.The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.

23、(2).The writer s experiment shows that downshifting _.（分数：1.00）A.enables her to realize her dreamB.helps her mold a new philosophy of lifeC.prompts her to abandon her high social statusD.leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine(3).Whats authors feeling about her “downshifting“?（分数：1.00）A.She

24、 regretted quitting her job.B.She felt sorry for her decision.C.She felt at ease for her present situation.D.She tried to drag herself out of it.(4).“Juggling ones life“ probably means living a life characterized by _.A. non-materialistic lifestyle B, a bit of everythingC. extreme stress D. anti-con

25、sumerism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _.（分数：1.00）A.the quick pace of modem lifeB.man s adventurous spiritC.man s search for mythical experiencesD.the economic situation七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Under existing law, a new drug may be labele

26、d, promoted, and advertised only for those conditions in which safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated and of which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved, or socalled “approved uses.“ Other uses have come to be called “unapproved uses“ and cannot be legally promoted. In a real

27、sense, the term “unapproved“ is a misnomer because it includes in one phrase two categories of marketed drugs that are very different; drugs which are potentially harmful and will never be approved, and already approved drugs that have “unapproved“ uses. It is common for new research and new insight

28、s to demonstrate valid new uses for drugs already on the market. Also, there arc numerous examples of medical progress resulting from the serendipitous observations and therapeutic innovations of physicians, both important methods of discovery in the field of therapeutics. Before such advances can r

29、esult in new indications for inclusion in drug labeling, however, the available data must meet the legal standard of substantial evidence derived from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials. Such evidence may require time to develop, and, without initiative on the part of the drug firm, it may

30、 not occur at all for certain uses. However, because medical literature on new uses exists and these uses arc medically beneficial, physicians often use these drugs for such purposes prior to FDA review or changes in labeling. This is referred to as “unlabeled uses“ of drugs.A different problem aris

31、es when a particular use for a drug has been examined scientifically and has been found to be ineffective or unsafe, and yet physicians who either are uninformed or who refuse to accept the available scientific evidence continue to use the drug in this way. Such use may have been reviewed by the FDA

32、 and rejected, or, in some cases, the use may actually be warned against in the labeling. This subset of uses may be properly termed “disapproved uses.“Government policy should minimize the extent of unlabeled uses. If such uses are validand many areit is important that scientifically sound evidence

33、 supporting them be generated and that the regulatory system accommodate them into drug labeling. Continuing rapid advances in medical care and the complexity of drug usage, however, makes it impossible for the government to keep drug labeling up to date for every conceivable situation. Thus, when a

34、 particular use of this type appears, it is also important, and in the interest of good medical cure, that no stigma be attached to “unapproved usage“ by practitioners while the formal evidence is assembled between the time of discovery and the time the new use is included in the labeling. In the ca

35、se of “disapproved uses,“ however, it is proper policy to warn against these in the package insert, whether use of a drug for these purposes by the uninformed or intransigent physician constitutes a violation of the current Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act is a matter of debate that involves a nu

36、mber of technical and legal issues. Regardless of that, the inclusion of disapproved uses in the form of contraindications, warnings and other precautionary statements in package inserts is an important practical deterrent to improper use. Except for clearly disapproved uses, however, it is in the b

37、est interests of patient care that physicians not be constrained by regulatory statutes from exercising their best judgment in prescribing a chug for both its approved uses and any unlabeled uses it may have.（分数：5.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.refuting a theoryB.drawing

38、a distinctionC.discrediting an opponentD.condemning an error(2).According to the passage, an unlabeled use of a drug is any use which _.（分数：1.00）A.has been reviewed by the FDA and specifically rejectedB.has medical value but has not yet been approved by FDA for inclusion as a labeled useC.is authori

39、zed by the label as approved by the FDA on the basis of scientific studiesD.is made in experiments designed to determine whether a drug is medically beneficial(3).Which of the following is true with disapproved drugs?（分数：1.00）A.There is nothing to prove that such drugs are not safe.B.It is affirmati

40、ve that such drugs are ineffective and dangerous.C.Physicians do not intend to use such drugs.D.Such drugs have never been tested by FD(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the intransigent physician _.（分数：1.00）A.continues to prescribe a drug even though he knows it is not in the best interes

41、ts of the PatientB.refuses to use a drug for an unlabeled purpose out of fear that he may be stigmatized by its useC.persists in using a drug for disapproved uses because he rejects the evidence of its ineffectiveness or dangersD.experiments with new uses for tested drugs in an attempt to find medic

42、ally beneficial uses for the drugs(5).All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for allowing unlabeled uses of drugs EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.the increased cost to the patient of buying an FDA-approved drugB.the medical benefits which can accrue to the patient through unlabeled useC.th

43、e time lag between initial discovery of a medical use and FDA approval of that useD.the possibility that a medically beneficial use may never be clinically documented八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Although it might have happened anywhere, my encounter with the green banana started on a steep mountain road i

44、n the interior of Brazil. My ancient jeep was straining up through spectacular countryside when the radiator began to leak ten miles from the nearest mechanic. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a scattering of houses. People gathered t

45、o look. Three fine streams of hot water spouted from holes in the jacket of the radiator. “That s easy to fix,“ a man said. He sent a boy running for some green bananas. He patted me on the shoulder, assuring me everything would work out. “Green bananas,“ he smiled. Everyone agreed.We exchanged plea

46、santries while 1 mulled over the ramifications of the green banana. Asking questions would betray my ignorance, so I remarked on the beauty of the terrain. Huge rock formations, like Sugar Loaf in Rio, rose up all around us. “Do you see that tall one right over there?“ asked my benefactor, pointing

47、to a particular tall, slender pinnacle of dark rock. “That rock marks the center of the world.“I looked to see if he was teasing me, but his face was serious. He in turn inspected me carefully to be sure I grasped the significance of his statement. The occasion demanded some show of recognition on m

48、y part.“The center of the world? “ I repeated, trying to convey interest if not complete acceptance. He nodded. “The absolute center. Everyone around here knows it.“At that moment the boy returned with my green bananas. The man sliced one in half and pressed the cut end against the radiator jacket. The banana melted into a glue against the hot metal, plugging the leaks instantly. Everyone laughed at my astonishment. They refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along. An hour later, after one more application of green banana, my radiato